Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: Phase _____ studies are also called as micro-dosing studies

Answer: 0

Flashcard 342: Busulfan causes _____ subcapsular cataract

Answer: posterior

Flashcard 343: Which antidepressants are generally considered safest to give during pregnancy?

Answer: SSRIs (specifically Sertraline and Fluoxetine)

Flashcard 344: Which teratogenic drug leads to cleft lip?_____

Answer: Topiramate

Flashcard 345: Which drug can lead to microvesicular steatosis?_____

Answer: Valproate

Flashcard 346: Which SSRI has the least risk of causing drug-discontinuation symptoms?_____

Answer: Fluoxetine

Flashcard 347: Most important side effect of Tocilizumab used for COVID-19 is _____

Answer: Serious infections (e.g., bacterial, fungal, or reactivation of latent TB)

Extra: Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist used in severe COVID-19 to manage cytokine storm. Important side effects include: 1. **Serious Infections:** The most clinically significant risk (Black Box Warning). 2. **Gastrointestinal Perforation:** A specific risk associated with IL-6 inhibition. 3. **Hepatotoxicity:** Elevation of liver enzymes (transaminitis). 4. **Hematologic:** Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Note: Nephropathy is not a major side effect of Tocilizumab; the original answer was incorrect.

Flashcard 348: Adverse effects of ropinirole include nausea, drowsiness, and _____

Answer: hallucinations

Flashcard 349: Endemic ascites can occur due to consumption of Crotalaria/Jhunjhunia which has the toxic compound _____ alkaloids

Answer: pyrrolizidine

Flashcard 350: Nail hyperpigmentation is commonly encountered with the use of _____

Answer: zidovudine (antiretroviral drug)