Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards
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Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Aminoglycosides inhibit? _____
Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Clindamycin inhibit? _____
Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Linezolid inhibit? _____
Antimicrobials associated with causing seizures: BAG-IQ _____
Which group of modified penicillins is associated with the following rash? _____
Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Trimethoprim impact? _____
Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Tetracyclines inhibit? _____
Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does the Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Streptogramins) combination inhibit? _____
Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Macrolides inhibit? _____
Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Chloramphenicol inhibit? _____
Antimicrobial Agents Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Antimicrobial Agents with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Antimicrobial Agents Flashcard Deck - 532 Cards
Flashcard 1: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Aminoglycosides inhibit? _____
Answer: [B]
Flashcard 2: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Clindamycin inhibit? _____
Answer: [D]
Flashcard 3: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Linezolid inhibit? _____
Answer: [A]
Flashcard 4: Antimicrobials associated with causing seizures: BAG-IQ _____
Answer:
Flashcard 5: Which group of modified penicillins is associated with the following rash? _____
Answer: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Aminopenicillins
Flashcard 6: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Trimethoprim impact? _____
Answer: [B]
Flashcard 7: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Tetracyclines inhibit? _____
Answer: [E]
Flashcard 8: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does the Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Streptogramins) combination inhibit? _____
Answer: [C]
Flashcard 9: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Macrolides inhibit? _____
Answer: [D]
Flashcard 10: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Chloramphenicol inhibit? _____
Answer: [C]
Flashcard 11: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Metronidazole impact? _____
Answer: [C]
Flashcard 12: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Fluoroquinolones impact? _____
Answer: [E]
Flashcard 13: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Rifamycins impact? _____
Answer: [D]
Flashcard 14: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Nitrofurantoin impact? _____
Answer: [C]
Flashcard 15: _____ vaccine is leprosy vaccine
Answer: MIP-mycobacterium inducus prani
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Flashcard 16: 1. Identify → _____ 2. Type → _____ 3. Dose and route → _____
Answer: Typhim Vi Vaccine for Typhoid
Extra: y
Flashcard 17: DOC in ART naive female who are pregnant is
Answer: TLE tenofovir lemivudin efavirenz
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Flashcard 18: erythromycin is given for atleast _____ days in diptheria carriers
Answer: 10
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Flashcard 19: _____ is the DOC for kala azar
Answer: liposomal amphotericin B
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Flashcard 20: _____ is the DOC for prevention of lymphatic filariasis
Answer: DEC
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Flashcard 21: killed JE vaccine uses _____ and _____ strain
Answer: beijing
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Flashcard 22: DPT vaccine contains _____ LF units of diptheria content
Answer: upto 25
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Flashcard 23: doses per tab(mg) for FDC tablet in adult TB regimen are H-_____ R-_____ Z-_____ E-_____
Answer: 75
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Flashcard 24: _____ and _____ are DOC for p.vivax
Answer: chloroquine
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Flashcard 25: _____ are DOC for p.falciparum in NE states
Answer: artemether and lumefantrine
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Flashcard 26: _____ is the mc gene responsible for rifampicin resistance
Answer: rpo B
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Flashcard 27: _____ antibiotic is used in influenza vaccine
Answer: gentamycin
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Flashcard 28: range of diptheria antitoxin dose is _____
Answer: 20,000-1,00,000 IU
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Flashcard 29: _____ is the DOC for chemoprophylaxis of malaria in short term travel
Answer: doxycycline(100 mg daily)
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Flashcard 30: bivalent OPV vaccine is _____ colored
Answer: pink
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Flashcard 31: yellow fever vaccine contains _____ strain
Answer: 17 D
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Flashcard 32: DOC for prophylaxis of plague is _____
Answer: tetracycline
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Flashcard 33: delamanid can be given to patients aged >_____ years
Answer: 6
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Flashcard 34: Rx regime for H-mono/Poly DRTB
Answer: 6ZERO O=levofloxacin
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Flashcard 35: dengvaxia vaccine has _____ strain
Answer: CYD TDV
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Flashcard 36: strains in mumps vaccine are
Answer: jerryl lynn L zagreb RIT 4385 strain JaLZiRA
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Flashcard 37: lymphatic filariasis is treated with _____
Answer: DEC and albendazole
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Flashcard 38: types of typhoid vaccines are _____ and _____ vaccine
Answer: Ty21a
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Flashcard 39: _____ is a killed inactivated polio vaccine
Answer: IPV
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Flashcard 40: standard ART consists of
Answer: TLE tenofovir lemivudin efavirenz
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Flashcard 41: _____ is the mc used antibiotic in vaccines
Answer: neomycin
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Flashcard 42: _____ vaccine is for plague
Answer: haffkine
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Flashcard 43: types of vaccines for cholera are
Answer: dukoral sanechol euvicol
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Flashcard 44: _____ is used for chemoprophyaxis in cholera
Answer: doxycycline
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Flashcard 45: dengue vaccine is called _____
Answer: dengvaxia
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Flashcard 46: _____ antibiotic is used in measles vaccine in india
Answer: erythromycin
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Flashcard 47: primaquine is given for _____ days in p.vivax infection
Answer: 14
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Flashcard 48: regime for drug sensitive TB
Answer: 2HRZE+4HRE
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Flashcard 49: _____ dose chloroquine is given over 3 days in p. vivax infection
Answer: 25 mg/kg
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Flashcard 50: DOC for diptheria case is _____ or _____
Answer: penicillin G
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Flashcard 51: DOC for diptheria carriers is _____
Answer: erythromycin
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Flashcard 52: _____ is the DOC in hook worm infection
Answer: albendazole
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Flashcard 53: ricketsial diseases are treated with _____
Answer: doxycycline
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Flashcard 54: dose schedule of dukoral vaccine
Answer: 2 doses,1-6 weeks apart cholera
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Flashcard 55: _____ is the DOC for chemoprophylaxis of malaria in travel of >6weeks
Answer: mefloquine(250 mg weekly)
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Flashcard 56: _____ is the DOC for malaria in 1st trimester of pregnancy
Answer: quinine
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Flashcard 57: WHO recommends triple drug therapy of _____ for prevention of lymphatic filariasis
Answer: DEC +ivermectine+albendazole
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Flashcard 58: measles vaccine has _____ strain
Answer: Edmonsten Zagreb
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Flashcard 59: contraindications for ACT(artemisinin comb. therapy) are
Answer: 1st trimester age<5 months
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Flashcard 60: live Japanese encephalitis vaccine has _____ strain
Answer: )SA)south africa
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Flashcard 61: doses per tab(mg) for FDC tablet in pediatric TB regimen are H-_____ R-_____ Z-_____ E-_____
Answer: 50
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Flashcard 62: DOC for post exposure prophylaxis of HIV is
Answer: tenofovir lamivudin lopinavir/ritonavir in devloped countries--- tenofovir emtricitabine dolutegravir
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Flashcard 63: _____ is the DOC for TB preventive therapy
Answer: isoniazid
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Flashcard 64: DOC for known carrier of typhoid is _____
Answer: ampicillin +probenecid
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Flashcard 65: DOC for pertusis is _____
Answer: erythromycin
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Flashcard 66: ACT combination used for p.falciparum is
Answer: ACT-SP artesunate sulfadoxine pyremethamine ******** primaquine -single dose on 2nd day 3 drugs only on 1st day 3rd day=only artesunate
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Flashcard 67: gastric buffer is required in _____ vaccine of cholera
Answer: dukoral
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Flashcard 68: active vaccine of varicella contains _____ strain
Answer: OKA
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Flashcard 69: DOC for typhoid case is _____
Answer: flouroquinolone
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Flashcard 70: Inactivated polio vaccine[IPV] and MMR contain _____ antibiotics
Answer: streptomycin and neomycin
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Flashcard 71: DOC for plague is _____
Answer: streptomycin
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Flashcard 72: live attenuated vaccine of influenza is in _____ form
Answer: nasal spray
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Flashcard 73: Systemic (disseminated) infections of _____ are treated with Amphotericin B and Caspofungin
Answer: Candida albicans
Flashcard 74: Resistance to Tetracyclines includes bacterial _____ modification/protection via soluble GTPase analogues
Answer: ribosomal
Flashcard 75: Beta-lactams (ie: penicillin, cephalosporins, etc.) work by halting _____ synthesisvia inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) transpeptidase activity
Answer: peptidoglycan
Flashcard 76: _____ strain of JE vaccine is administered subcutaneously
Answer: SA 14-14-2
Flashcard 77: Fidaxomicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic that works by inhibiting the _____ subunit of RNA polymerase
Answer: sigma
Flashcard 78: _____ can be used to treat Trypanosoma brucei
Answer: Suramin and Melarsoprol
Flashcard 79: Local, mild infections of Coccidioidomycosis are treated with _____ drugs, ie: ketoconazole
Answer: -azole
Flashcard 80: Which classes of HAART drugs directly inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase?_____
Answer: NRTIs
Flashcard 81: Local, mild infections of _____ are treated with -azole drugs (ie: Voriconazole)
Answer: Aspergillus fumigatus
Flashcard 82: In _____ regimen, 8 doses of rabies vaccine are given ID on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 into two sites of the individual.
Answer: Updated Thai Red Cross
Flashcard 83: Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae includes _____, doxycycline, and fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
Answer: macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin)
Flashcard 84: _____ is an antiprotozoal used exclusively in immunocompetent hosts to treat Cryptosporidium
Answer: Nitazoxanide
Flashcard 85: The vaccines for _____ are recombinant vaccines
Answer: Hepatitis B and HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Flashcard 86: _____ can be treated with the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin
Answer: Cryptosporidium
Flashcard 87: _____ can cause a maculopapillary rash ifgiven in the setting of viral illnesses, such as EBV infectious mononucleosis
Answer: Aminopenicillins
Flashcard 88: Local, mild infections of Histoplasmosis are treated with _____ drugs, ie: fluconazole, ketoconazole
Answer: -azole
Flashcard 89: Treatment of the _____ form of Leprosy includes Rifampin, Dapsone and Clofazimine for 24 months to 5 years (time)
Answer: Lepromatous
Flashcard 90: What is the treatment (2) for Pneumocystis jirovecii?_____ or Pentamidine
Answer: TMP-SMX
Flashcard 91: Polyenes are a class of antifungals that include _____ and nystatin
Answer: amphotericin B
Flashcard 92: Aminopenicillins include _____ and ampicillin
Answer: amoxicillin
Flashcard 93: For the treatment of Influenza A and B, the dose of Oseltamivir is?_____ mg, twice a day for 5 days
Answer: 75
Flashcard 94: Mycobacterium avium complex is treated with _____ combined with ethambutol
Answer: azithromycin/clarithromycin (a macrolide)
Flashcard 95: _____ vaccine for yellow fever is a live attenuated vaccine derived from Asibi strain, administered subcutaneously
Answer: 17D
Flashcard 96: _____ generation cephalosporins include cefuroxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin and cefaclor
Answer: 2nd
Flashcard 97: Which aminoglycosides (3) have activity against _____?Gentamicin; Tobramycin; Amikacin
Answer: Pseudomonas
Flashcard 98: Acyclovir is converted to acyclovir monophosphate by _____ in virus-infected cells
Answer: thymidine-kinase
Flashcard 99: _____ or cidofovir are used to treat ganciclovir-resistant CMV infections
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 100: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside used in _____ prep before colorectal surgery
Answer: bowel
Flashcard 101: What drugs (2) can be used to treat Shingles (Herpes zoster)?_____, Valacyclovir
Answer: Famciclovir
Flashcard 102: Administration of _____ for Syphilis may lead to the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Answer: Penicillin
Flashcard 103: What is the treatment for Neisseria meningitidis?_____ or Penicillin G
Answer: Ceftriaxone
Flashcard 104: _____ 300mg weekly starting 1 week before arrival and 4 weeks after return may be used for chemoprophylaxis of malaria
Answer: Chloroquine
Flashcard 105: _____ is inactivated by alveolar surfactant and thus cannot be used to treat pneumonia (antibiotic)
Answer: Daptomycin
Flashcard 106: Interferon _____ may be used in the treatment of hepatitis B and C infections
Answer: alpha
Flashcard 107: Aminoglycosides cause the misreading of _____, inhibiting translation and thus protein synthesis
Answer: mRNA
Flashcard 108: Which two drugs are used in the treatment of acute prostatitis in males?_____
Answer: TMP-SMX
Flashcard 109: _____ and amphotericin-B are antifungals that can be given intravitreally.
Answer: Voriconazole
Flashcard 110: _____ is a suicide -lactamase inhibitor that is combined with the aminopenicillin amoxicillin (Augmentin) or the antipseudomonal ticarcillin
Answer: Clavulanic acid (clavulanate)
Flashcard 111: HAART therapy consists of _____ plus 1 of either a NNRTI, protease inhibitor, or integrase inhibitor
Answer: 2 NRTIs
Flashcard 112: Clindamycin binds the _____ inhibiting translocation
Answer: 50S ribosomal subunit
Flashcard 113: _____ can be used alone as treatment for latent tuberculosis infections
Answer: Isoniazid (INH)
Flashcard 114: Macrolides bind the bacterial _____ of the 50s subunit, blocking amino-acyl transpeptidation and translocation
Answer: 23s rRNA
Flashcard 115: Treatment for Chlamydia includes _____ (first-line), doxycycline (second) and ceftriaxone for possible concurrent N. gonorrhoeae infection
Answer: azithromycin
Flashcard 116: Which two anti-influenza drugs have a high rate of resistance (no longer recommended)?_____
Answer: Amantadine
Flashcard 117: Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is treated with _____ or albendazole
Answer: pyrantel pamoate
Flashcard 118: Which antibiotics are used to treat _____IV Linezolid; Tigecycline
Answer: VRE?(vancomycin resistant enterococcus - commonly Enterococcus faecium)
Flashcard 119: _____ is used to treat staph epidermidis, which creates a biofilm on prosthetic devices
Answer: Vancomycin
Flashcard 120: Mechanism of resistance of linezolid includes a _____ mutation of the ribosomal RNA
Answer: point
Flashcard 121: Cephalosporins that do not require dose reduction in a patient with renal failure is _____ and cefpiramide
Answer: cefoperazone
Flashcard 122: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin) can treat pneumonia caused by _____ and H. influenzae.
Answer: Strep pneumoniae
Flashcard 123: Gram negative bacteria have _____ within their periplasm that allow them to resist antibiotic treatment
Answer: enzymes
Flashcard 124: Which antibiotics (2) bind the 50S ribosomal subunit suppressing translocation?_____
Answer: Clindamycin
Flashcard 125: _____ is used to treat anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
Answer: Clindamycin
Flashcard 126: _____ and Velpatasvir has now been approved as the first-line treatment of hepatitis C genotypes 1-6
Answer: Sofosbuvir
Flashcard 127: To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the pneumonia "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" is used30S inhibitors:_____Tetracyclines (aminoacyl-tRNA binding)50S inhibitors:Chloramphenicol (peptidyltransferase)Clindamycin (translocation)Erythromycin (macrolides) (translocation)Linezolid (initiation complex)
Answer: Aminoglycosides (initiation complex formation, mRNA translation, formation of 23s ribosomal RNA)
Flashcard 128: _____ are used to treat ana-erobic infections
Answer: Carbapenems
Flashcard 129: _____ include ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
Answer: 3rd generation cephalosporins
Flashcard 130: _____ in combination with eflornithine is the drug of choice for late-stage West African sleeping sickness
Answer: Nifurtimox
Flashcard 131: Treatment for E. histolytica infections includes metronidazole for invasive colitis, followed by paromomycin or iodoquinol to eliminate intra_____ cysts.
Answer: luminal
Flashcard 132: Penicillin _____ treats left-sided endocarditis caused by Strep viridans and Strep bovis
Answer: G
Flashcard 133: Chloramphenicol is used to treat _____ caused by Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis
Answer: meningitis
Flashcard 134: Amphotericin B or _____ (drug class) can be used for systemic candidal infections
Answer: echinocandins
Flashcard 135: _____ mutation (associated with the use of lamivudine or emtricitabine) restores zidovudine susceptibility in zidovudine-resistant HIV.
Answer: M184V
Flashcard 136: Alcohols and Chlorhexidine work by _____ proteins and disrupting cell membranes
Answer: denaturing
Flashcard 137: Diphyllobothrium latum is treated with _____ or niclosamide
Answer: praziquantel
Flashcard 138: HCV can be treated with _____ and polymerase inhibitors (enzymes)
Answer: protease
Flashcard 139: Specific indications for _____ include RACE:Refractory aspergillosisAzole-resistant CandidaCandidemiaEmpiric treatment in a febrile, neutropenic patient
Answer: caspofungin
Flashcard 140: Salmonella _____ has a live, attenuated vaccine
Answer: typhi
Flashcard 141: The allylamine _____ is associated with hepato-toxicity
Answer: terbinafine
Flashcard 142: What is the primary clinical use of Tetracycline antibiotics?_____
Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi
Flashcard 143: Recurrence of genital HSV can be suppressed or minimized with a _____ administration of valacyclovir
Answer: daily
Flashcard 144: Cephalosporins (and other _____ antibiotics) mimic the D-ala-D-ala sequence of peptidoglycans, binding irreversibly to penicillin binding protein transpeptidases
Answer: beta-lactam
Flashcard 145: _____ include cefepime
Answer: 4th generation cephalosporins
Flashcard 146: Lack of thymidine-kinase to phosphorylate acyclovir explains why the drug is not effective in _____ and EBV
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 147: Azoles inhibit the conversion of _____ to ergosterol
Answer: lanosterol
Flashcard 148: What 2 classes of penicillins can penetrate the porins of gram negative bacteria?_____
Answer: Aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)
Flashcard 149: _____ are anti-bacterials that have bulky R-groups that block access of -lactam ring, making them penicillinase/beta-lactamase resistant.
Answer: Anti-staph penicillins
Flashcard 150: When treating Chlamydia Trachomatis, when would you use Azithromycin over Doxycycline?- Patients who are _____- Chlamydia Trachomatis serotypes A-C (eye drop ointment), D-K (STI)
Answer: pregnant
Flashcard 151: The BCG vaccine is primarily used to prevent _____, as well as an alternative treatment for superficial bladder cancer
Answer: tuberculosis
Flashcard 152: Which azoles (2) can treat candidal esophagitis in AIDS patients?_____, Voriconazole
Answer: IV Fluconazole
Flashcard 153: _____ generation cephalosporins can be used to treat community and hospital acquired pneumonia
Answer: 3rd
Flashcard 154: HSCT recipients are given prophylaxis against _____ infections with letermovir.
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 155: Which two antibiotics can be used to treat vancomycin resistant bacteria?_____
Answer: Linezolid
Flashcard 156: _____ and tazobactam are -lactamase inhibitors that can be added with ampicillin or piperacillin to extend their activity.
Answer: Sulbactam
Flashcard 157: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit neuraminidase (NA)?_____
Answer: Zanamivir
Flashcard 158: _____ in combination with Bedaquiline and Linezolid for the treatment of adult patients with extensively drug-resistant TB
Answer: Pretomanid
Flashcard 159: _____ is a CCR5 inhibitor that inhibits HIV entrance into macrophages early in the disease course
Answer: Maraviroc
Flashcard 160: _____ and nafcillin are penicillinase-resistant penicillins that are acid susceptible
Answer: Methicillin
Flashcard 161: _____ candidiasis can be treated with Nystatin
Answer: Oral
Flashcard 162: Metronidazole is used as treatment for which intestinal parasites?_____
Answer: Giardia
Flashcard 163: Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia can be treated with either _____ or doxycycline
Answer: azithromycin
Flashcard 164: Cell wall synthesis inhibitors used in the treatment of S. aureus folliculitis, abscesses_____
Answer: Anti-staph penicillins (nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin etc.)
Flashcard 165: Alteration of _____ allows methicillin resistance in MRSA.
Answer: penicillin-binding proteins (PBP)
Flashcard 166: What two drugs are commonly used for Lyme disease?_____
Answer: Doxycycline
Flashcard 167: _____ and Vancomycin are used in the empiric treatment of meningitis
Answer: Ceftriaxone
Flashcard 168: _____ is an antimicrobial that inhibits the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase
Answer: Fidaxomicin
Flashcard 169: Linezolid has activity against resistant organisms, including _____ and VRE
Answer: MRSA
Flashcard 170: _____ is used to treat which 3 protozoal infections?GiardiaEntamoeba HistolyticaTrichomonas
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 171: For the prophylaxis of Influenza A and B, the dose of Oseltamivir is?_____ mg, once a day for the duration of exposure
Answer: 75
Flashcard 172: The fluoroquinolones _____ and moxifloxacin can be used to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus spp. (community-acquired pneumonia)
Answer: levofloxacin
Flashcard 173: Tetracyclines have activity against tick-borne organisms (_____, francisella, borrelia)
Answer: rickettsia
Flashcard 174: _____ and azithromycin are protein synthesis inhibitors that can be used to treat atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia.
Answer: Doxycycline
Flashcard 175: _____, ataxia, and paresthesias are common side-effects of Isoniazid therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Answer: Peripheral neuropathy
Flashcard 176: Hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus) are treated with _____ or albendazole
Answer: pyrantel pamoate
Flashcard 177: The mnemonic CAMPFIRE can be used to remember the drugs effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa_____AminoglycosidesMonobactams (aztreonam)Polymixins (polymixin B, colistin)Fluoroquinolones (cipro, levofloxacin)thIRd and fourth-gen cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime)Extended spectrum (antipseudomonal) penicillins (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
Answer: Carbapenems
Flashcard 178: Which drugs do not require phosphorylation via CMV viral kinase?_____
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 179: Which HAART drugs (2) are hepatotoxic?_____
Answer: NNRTIs
Flashcard 180: Amantadine and Rimantadine are drugs that inhibit the _____ of influenza A
Answer: M2 protein channels
Flashcard 181: _____ are commonly used in patients that cannot tolerate aminoglycosides due to renal insufficiency.
Answer: Monobactams (aztreonam)
Flashcard 182: What is the spectrum of activity (2) for Clindamycin?_____
Answer: Gram positives
Flashcard 183: _____ is an antimicrobial that contains a nitro group allowing it to act as an electron sink
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 184: Linezolid binds to the _____ ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the initiation complex
Answer: 50S
Flashcard 185: _____ works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid production on Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Answer: Isoniazid (INH)
Flashcard 186: Penicillins inhibit the ability of bacteria to generate a cell wall, which causes death by _____. In addition, penicillins allow accumulation of peptidoglycan precursors, which activates bacterial autolysis.
Answer: osmolysis
Flashcard 187: _____ inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in prokaryotes (pyrimidine synthesis)
Answer: Trimethoprim (TMP)
Flashcard 188: _____ are a class of antifungals that bind ergosterol, creating pores in the fungal cell membranes
Answer: Polyenes (ie: nystatin, amphotericin)
Flashcard 189: _____ are drugs that cause a build-up of heme intracellularly, which is toxic to Plasmodium spp.
Answer: Quinolines
Flashcard 190: Penicillin _____ is administered IV
Answer: G
Flashcard 191: Meningitis is treated empirically with _____ and vancomycin; add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected
Answer: ceftriaxone
Flashcard 192: _____ is an antiviral agent that acts as a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor by binding to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme.
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 193: Penicillins are effective against the thick peptidoyglycan cell walls ofgram _____ bacteria (ie: Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.)
Answer: positive
Flashcard 194: Which three drugs eliminate cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in the lumen of the intestine?_____
Answer: Paromomycin
Flashcard 195: _____ antibiotics accumulate intracellularly,making them effective against Rickettsia, Chlamydia, and Coxiella.
Answer: Tetracyclines (doxycycline)
Flashcard 196: Penicillin _____ is acid stable, meaning it can be given orally.
Answer: V
Flashcard 197: Which strain(s) of Plasmodium is chloroquine used to treat?_____
Answer: Plasmodium vivax/ovale
Flashcard 198: What two drugs are the preferred treatment of VZV?_____
Answer: Famciclovir
Flashcard 199: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside applied _____ or ingested as an ammonium detoxicant
Answer: topically
Flashcard 200: Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a combination of two synergistic _____ that have activity against VRE
Answer: streptogramins
Flashcard 201: _____ displaces GABA from its receptors and results in CNS adverse effects
Answer: Fluoroquinolones
Flashcard 202: Anti-staph penicillins include _____, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin
Answer: oxacillin
Flashcard 203: Which two classes of antifungals inhibit synthesis of ergosterol from squalene?_____
Answer: Allylamines
Flashcard 204: Aminoglycosides are commonly paired with _____ or vancomycin to enhance their penetration of cells
Answer: -lactams
Flashcard 205: What is the treatment (2) of local, cutaneous tinea infections (azoles)?_____
Answer: Clotrimazole
Flashcard 206: _____ are a class of antifungals that inhibit the enzyme 14-demethylase
Answer: Azoles
Flashcard 207: _____ inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa (pyrimidine synthesis)
Answer: Pyrimethamine
Flashcard 208: The fluoroquinolones _____ and moxifloxacin can be used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila (atypical pneumonia)
Answer: levofloxacin
Flashcard 209: Persons in close contact with an individual with Neisseria meningitidis infection are given prophylactic _____, ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone
Answer: rifampin
Flashcard 210: The most serious adverse effect of _____ use is optic neuritis,characterized by loss of visual acuity and red-green colorblindness (TB drug)
Answer: ethambutol
Flashcard 211: _____ is a macrolide antibotic that can be used in prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with CD4 count < 50.
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 212: Treatment of falciparum malaria during pregnancy:2nd and 3rd trimester: _____ in North-Eastern states and ACT-SP in other states.
Answer: ACT-AL
Flashcard 213: NRTIs are incorporated into _____ DNA, causing premature chain termination
Answer: viral
Flashcard 214: Patients of Pseudomonas pneumonia are treated with:_____ + fluoroquinolone + azithromycin
Answer: Anti-pseudomonal -lactam
Flashcard 215: Which two enzymes are inhibited by fluoroquinolones?_____
Answer: DNA topoisomerase II (Prokaryotic DNA gyrase)
Flashcard 216: Resistance of penicillins comes from production of _____ that cleave the -lactam ring,or changes to penicillin binding proteins (confers methicillin resistance in MRSA).
Answer: -lactamases
Flashcard 217: _____ are a class of antifungals that inhibit the enzyme 1,3--glucan synthase
Answer: Echinocandins
Flashcard 218: Treatment of the _____ form of Leprosy includes Rifampin, Dapsone and Clofazimine for 6 months (time)
Answer: Tuberculoid
Flashcard 219: _____ virus has the highest propensity to develop resistance against lamivudine.
Answer: Hepatitis B
Flashcard 220: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit the M2 channels?_____
Answer: Amantadine
Flashcard 221: Treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae includes _____ and ceftriaxone (3rd gen. cephalosporin)
Answer: azithromycin (macrolides)
Flashcard 222: What drugs (2) are used to prevent breakouts of Herpes Simplex Virus?_____
Answer: Acyclovir
Flashcard 223: Microsporidium is treated with _____ for diarrhea or topical fumagillin for keratoconjunctivitis
Answer: albendazole
Flashcard 224: Hepatitis_____ is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Answer: Sofosbuvir
Flashcard 225: Quinolines block the detoxification of _____ into hemazoin by Plasmodium spp.
Answer: heme
Flashcard 226: Most NRTIs are _____ that must undergo phosphorylation in order to be active
Answer: nucleosides
Flashcard 227: Macrolides (azithromycin) treat _____ caused by Legionella, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Answer: atypical "walking" pneumonia
Flashcard 228: _____ is a GABA receptor agonist, and causes flaccid paralysis of Ascaris
Answer: Piperazine
Flashcard 229: Tigecycline is a _____ derivative that is resistant to bacterial efflux pumps
Answer: tetracycline
Flashcard 230: Local, mild infections of Blastomycosis are treated with _____ drugs, ie: Itraconazole
Answer: -azole
Flashcard 231: Loa loa is treated with _____ or albendazole
Answer: diethylcarbamazine
Flashcard 232: _____ is a poorly absorbed antibiotic that eradicates ammonia producing intestinal bacteria and thus treats hepatic encephalopathy
Answer: Rifaximin
Flashcard 233: Maraviroc inhibits _____ of HIV binding to the chemokine receptor CCR5 (macrophages)
Answer: gp120
Flashcard 234: Fluoroquinolones can be used to treat gram negative _____ and urinary tract infections
Answer: gastrointestinal
Flashcard 235: _____ solution contains chloramphenicol, oestradiol and vitamin D2.
Answer: Kemicetine antiozaena
Flashcard 236: NRTIs and _____ both are reverse transcriptase inhibitors used in the treatment of HIV
Answer: NNRTIs
Flashcard 237: The primary mode of resistance to fluoroquinolones is due to mutation in _____ or due to plasmid-mediated resistance
Answer: DNA gyrase
Flashcard 238: Local, mild infections of Paracoccidioidomycosis are treated with _____ drugs, ie: Itraconazole
Answer: -azole
Flashcard 239: Which two antibiotics are used to treat nosocomial MRSA infections?_____
Answer: Vancomycin
Flashcard 240: If a patient of CAP has received abx in the past 3 months or if there is a high level macrolide resistance in the region, a course of _____ Or -lactam plus macrolide is given
Answer: fluoroquinolone
Flashcard 241: Apart from Benzathine penicillin, treatment of syphilis can also be done with: _____ 500mg od for 10 days
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 242: _____ is a monoclonal antibody approved for use in the treatment of HIV.
Answer: Ibalizumab
Flashcard 243: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a _____ analog, thus inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase
Answer: PABA
Flashcard 244: The Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine is a _____ vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (most commonly)
Answer: capsular polysaccharide
Flashcard 245: Metronidazole is an antimicrobial that acts as an electron sink, creating _____ which disrupt DNA synthesis
Answer: free radicals
Flashcard 246: _____ is a cephalosporin that can be used to treat endocarditis by S. viridans and 'HACEK' organisms.
Answer: Ceftriaxone
Flashcard 247: _____ with Streptomycin are used to treat the plague caused by Yersinia pestis
Answer: Doxycycline
Flashcard 248: _____ and Pneumocystitis jirovecii are treated prophylactically in HIV patients with Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
Answer: Toxoplasmosis
Flashcard 249: _____ bind the 30s subunit of ribosomes, preventing attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Answer: Tetracyclines
Flashcard 250: Intravenous _____ and/or quinidine is used for severe malaria infections
Answer: artesunate
Flashcard 251: _____ is metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in fungal cells
Answer: Flucytosine (5-FC)
Flashcard 252: _____ is an irreversible -lactamase inhibitor that is combined with piperacillin (antipseudomonal penicillin) (Zosyn).
Answer: Tazobactam
Flashcard 253: CMV can gain resistance to ganciclovir via mutations in the _____ gene or its DNA polymerase
Answer: UL-97
Flashcard 254: Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapy is a PPI, _____, metronidazole and a tetracycline
Answer: bismuth therapy
Flashcard 255: Anti-_____ penicillins include piperacillin, ticarcillin and carbenicillin
Answer: pseudomonal
Flashcard 256: What is the treatment for a UTI caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?_____
Answer: Ciprofloxacin
Flashcard 257: Which two drugs bind ergosterol and form holes in the fungal cell membrane?_____
Answer: Amphotericin
Flashcard 258: Strongyloides stercoalis is treated with _____ or ivermectin
Answer: albendazole
Flashcard 259: For Malaria Chemoprophylaxis: Duration of travel is _____ than 6 weeks then mefloquine 250mg once a week can be started 2 weeks before travel and continued atleast 4 weeks after travel.
Answer: more
Flashcard 260: Macrolides adverse effects include a _____ and eosinophilia
Answer: rash
Flashcard 261: Apart from Benzathine penicillin, treatment of syphilis can also be done with: _____ 100mg bd for 14 days
Answer: doxycycline
Flashcard 262: Apart from Benzathine penicillin, treatment of syphilis can also be done with: _____ 500mg qid for 14 days
Answer: Amoxycillin/erythromycin
Flashcard 263: Griseofulvin inhibits the function of _____, resulting in metaphase arrest of cellular division
Answer: microtubules
Flashcard 264: Clindamycin treats anaerobic bugs like _____ and Clostridium perfringens above the diaphragm
Answer: Bacteroides fragilis
Flashcard 265: In enterococcal endocarditis, _____ is indicated along with penicillin
Answer: gentamicin
Flashcard 266: The recommended drugs for P. vivax co-infection in COVID-19 is _____ and primaquine.
Answer: chloroquine
Flashcard 267: Among aminoglycoside, _____ has the highest and tobramycin has the least nephrotoxicity.
Answer: neomycin
Flashcard 268: Aminoglycosides bind the _____ ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the initiation complex
Answer: 30S
Flashcard 269: Rifampicin _____ once a month + dapsone 100mg daily + clofazimine 300mg once a month and 50 mg daily is used to treat leprosy in adults and children older than 14 years
Answer: 600mg
Flashcard 270: _____ inhibitors prevent transcription of ssRNA into dsDNA thereby inhibiting viral replication
Answer: Reverse transcriptase
Flashcard 271: _____ is a drug that works by blocking Plasmodium heme polymerase (enzyme)
Answer: Chloroquine
Flashcard 272: Which antibiotics bind divalent ions (Fe2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) resulting in chelation?_____
Answer: Tetracyclines
Flashcard 273: _____ are a class of antimalarials that bind iron, leading to generation of free radicals
Answer: Artemisinins
Flashcard 274: Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are used to treat _____ VZV and HSV infections
Answer: active
Flashcard 275: Treatment of Rabies virus includes administration of _____ and rabies immunoglobulin (passive immunization)
Answer: killed rabies vaccine (active immunization)
Flashcard 276: Vancomycin works by binding _____ to the D-alanyl-D-alanine of peptidoglycan bacterial cell walls
Answer: directly
Flashcard 277: Second generation cephalosporins have _____ activity against gram-positive bacteria when compared with first generation cephalosporins.
Answer: lesser
Flashcard 278: Patients of MRSA pneumonia are treated with:_____ + fluoroquinolone/-lactam + Macrolide/Doxycycline + Clindamycin
Answer: Linezolid/vancomycin
Flashcard 279: Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that _____-regulate theexpression of KatG (a catalase-peroxidase) lead to Isoniazid resistance (drug)
Answer: down
Flashcard 280: _____ is an irreversible -lactamase inhibitor that is combined with the ampicillin (an aminopenicillin) (Unasyn).
Answer: Sulbactam
Flashcard 281: _____ can be used to treat Chagas disease
Answer: Nifurtimox
Flashcard 282: Pyrazinamide is activated to its active metabolite _____ in the host phagolysosome
Answer: pyrazinoic acid
Flashcard 283: The best antibiotic for secondary prophylaxis of recurrence of ARF is _____ (1.2 million units) delivered every 4 weeks.
Answer: benzathine penicillin G
Flashcard 284: _____ is a lipopeptide that can be used to treat MRSA bacteremia.
Answer: Daptomycin
Flashcard 285: _____ are a class of antifungals that inhibit the enzyme squalene epoxidase
Answer: Allylamines (ie: terbinafine)
Flashcard 286: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir are drugs that inhibit _____ of influenza A and B
Answer: neuraminidase
Flashcard 287: _____ include Ceftaroline
Answer: 5th generation cephalosporins
Flashcard 288: _____ blocks the enzyme arabinosyl transferase, inhibiting carbohydrate polymerization at the bacterial cell wall
Answer: Ethambutol
Flashcard 289: _____ ampicillin can be used to treat anaerobic infections (ie: aspiration pneumonia) (aminopenicillin)
Answer: IV
Flashcard 290: Integrase inhibitors will inhibit HIV _____ integration into the host cell genome, preventing mRNA production
Answer: dsDNA
Flashcard 291: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit virion release?_____
Answer: Zanamivir
Flashcard 292: Older treatments that can be used for HCV include _____ and Ribavirin
Answer: INF-alpha
Flashcard 293: _____ generation cephalosporins include cephalexin and cefazolin
Answer: 1st
Flashcard 294: _____ works by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting RNA synthesis (antibacterial)
Answer: Rifampin
Flashcard 295: Clindamycin is actively transported into _____ and can be used to treat lung abscesses
Answer: macrophages
Flashcard 296: Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming gram + bacilli that can be treated by what cell wall synthesis inhibitor? _____What other drug is used in the primary treatment of Clostridium perfringens?Clindamycin
Answer: Penicillin
Flashcard 297: Hepatitis_____ is a NS3/4A protease inhibitor that may be used for the treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1
Answer: Simeprevir
Flashcard 298: _____ or Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin) (penicillins) treat Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) pharyngitis (strep throat)
Answer: Penicillin V
Flashcard 299: _____ are antibiotics that require O2 to work, therefore do not work on obligate anaerobic bacteria
Answer: Aminoglycosides
Flashcard 300: 2nd generation cephalosporins have the same coverage as _____ generation cephalosporins with extended gram-negative coverage
Answer: 1st
Flashcard 301: Rifampin can be remembered by the 4 R's_____ inhibitorRamps up microsomal CYP450Red/orange body fluidsRapid Resistance if used alone
Answer: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Flashcard 302: For Malaria Chemoprophylaxis: Duration of travel is _____ than 6 weeks then doxycycline 100mg once a day can be started 2 days before travel and continued atleast 4 weeks after travel.
Answer: less
Flashcard 303: Adverse effects of the antifungal _____ includes blurry vision, changes in color vision, and flashes of light
Answer: voriconazole
Flashcard 304: Tenofovir + Lamivudine + _____ is the preferred regimen of choice for management of HIV-1 and Hep B coinfection
Answer: Dolutegravir
Flashcard 305: The endonuclease inhibitor for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adults is _____.
Answer: baloxavir marboxil
Flashcard 306: Which drug for COVID-19 acts by inhibiting 3CLpro?_____
Answer: Lopinavir/ritonavir
Flashcard 307: Which drug for COVID-19 acts by inhibiting RNA dependent RNA polymerase?_____
Answer: Favipravir, Ribavirin and Remdesivir (3)
Flashcard 308: Which covid-19 vaccine consists of whole-virion inactivated SARSCoV-2 antigen?_____
Answer: Covaxin
Flashcard 309: _____ is gametocidal to all species causing malaria.
Answer: Primaquine
Flashcard 310: Candida krusei shows an intrinsic resistance to _____
Answer: fluconazole.
Flashcard 311: Which drug is useful in treating cases of angioinvasive aspergillosis that do not respond to Amphotericin B?_____
Answer: Caspofungin
Flashcard 312: What is the first line ART for patients with abnormal serum creatinine values?_____
Answer: Abacavir + Lamivudine +Efavirenz
Flashcard 313: Which antimalarial drugs have high activity against gametocytes?_____
Answer: Artemisinins and Primaquine
Flashcard 314: _____ has both anti-HIV and anti-HBV activity.
Answer: Lamivudine (NRTI (not tenofovir))
Flashcard 315: Metronidazole enters the cell and is reduced to form a nitro radical, which competes with _____ enzyme used by microaerophilic organisms to carry out pyruvate metabolism
Answer: PFOR(pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase)
Flashcard 316: What is the most common mode of resistance to Rifampin?_____
Answer: mutation of rpoB
Flashcard 317: Streptomycin is active primarily against _____cellular tubercle bacilli.
Answer: extra
Flashcard 318: Which aminoglycoside presents with vestibulotoxicty predominantly?_____
Answer: Streptomycin and Gentamycin
Flashcard 319: Resistance to zidovudine occurs due to mutations in the _____ enzyme.
Answer: reverse transcriptase
Flashcard 320: Which covid-19 vaccine consists of replication-incompetent recombinant adenovirus type 26 (Ad26) vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein?_____
Answer: Janssen
Flashcard 321: _____ is a D-alanine analog used as a second-line drug for MDR-TB that acts by inhibiting alanine racemase
Answer: Cycloserine
Flashcard 322: Monobactams lack cross-sensitivity with the other beta-lactams except for _____
Answer: ceftazidime
Flashcard 323: Which anti-malarial drug is associated with the development of vortex keratopathy?_____
Answer: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
Flashcard 324: _____ is the most effective agent against toxoplasmosis and is present in most of the regimens.
Answer: Pyrimethamine
Flashcard 325: _____ has both anti-inflammatory effects and anti-pruritic action.
Answer: Sertaconazole (Antifungal)
Flashcard 326: Over-expression of the gene for InhA leads to cross-resistance of Isoniazid (INH) with _____.
Answer: Ethionamide
Flashcard 327: Which penicillinase-resistant penicillin is associated with neutropenia?_____
Answer: Nafcillin
Flashcard 328: Bebtelovimab is the new monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of _____.
Answer: COVID-19
Flashcard 329: Which urinary antiseptic is associated with brown urine?_____
Answer: Nitrofurantoin
Flashcard 330: Which organism is most sensitive to penicillin?_____
Answer: T. pallidum
Flashcard 331: Which NRTI causes maximum peripheral neuropathy?_____
Answer: Stavudine
Flashcard 332: Anti-HBe seroconversion occurs in only a minority of the patients taking _____
Answer: lamivudine (NRTI)
Flashcard 333: _____ is considered as a urinary antiseptic and is indicated in urinary tract infections
Answer: Methenamine (Not Nitrofurantoin)
Flashcard 334: Herpes resistant to Acyclovir is treated with _____
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 335: The most effective drug against extracellular mycobacteria is _____.
Answer: rifampicin
Flashcard 336: _____ structurally resembles aminoacyl t-RNA and inhibits the protein synthesis by premature termination.
Answer: Puromycin (Antibiotic)
Flashcard 337: _____ is associated with an increased QT interval.
Answer: Bedaquiline (Anti-tubercular drug)
Flashcard 338: Which antibiotics are associated with pseudotumor cerebri in infants?_____
Answer: Tetracyclines
Flashcard 339: All first-line antitubercular drugs are hepatotoxic except _____.
Answer: ethambutol
Flashcard 340: _____ is the drug of choice in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Answer: Voriconazole
Flashcard 341: Mefloquine, Quinine, Proguanil and Lumefantrine are _____ onset acting schizonticides.
Answer: intermediate
Flashcard 342: _____ is a monoclonal antibody that binds to Clostridium difficile toxin B, indicated to reduce the recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection
Answer: Bezlotoxumab
Flashcard 343: _____ is a newer fluoroquinolone approved for acute skin and skin structural infections caused by susceptible bacteria that includes MRSA.
Answer: Delafloxacin
Flashcard 344: _____ is a monoclonal antibody against protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis.
Answer: Obiltoxaximab
Flashcard 345: Which antitubercular drug inhibits fatty acid synthase-1, thus inhibiting cell membrane?_____
Answer: Pyrazinamide
Flashcard 346: Which drugs are used for mycotic ulcers with hypopyon or perforation or suspected endophthalmitis (intraorbital extension)?_____
Answer: Ketoconazole/Voriconazole
Flashcard 347: Which anti-pseudomonal aminoglycoside (GTA) is approved as an inhalational formulation in cystic fibrosis patients?_____
Answer: Tobramycin
Flashcard 348: _____ is an anti-HIV drug that is administered subcutaneously.
Answer: Enfuvirtide
Flashcard 349: Which anti-leprosy drug is associated with ichthyosis of shin and forearms?_____
Answer: Clofazimine
Flashcard 350: Ciclopirox olamine is a _____ antifungal agent
Answer: topical (systemic/topical)
Flashcard 351: _____ causes anterior uveitis in AIDS patients.
Answer: Rifabutin (Drug)
Flashcard 352: _____ is the drug of choice for late stage East African sleeping sickness
Answer: Melarsoprol
Flashcard 353: First-line therapy for Mycobacterium abscessus includes?_____
Answer: cefoxitin (or imipenem) + amikacin + clarithromycin (3)
Flashcard 354: Sulfadoxine is used in combination with pyrimethamine for prophylaxis and treatment of _____
Answer: malaria (parasite)
Flashcard 355: Non-suicidal beta-lactamase inhibitor that is indicated in combination with meropenem is _____
Answer: Vaborbactam
Flashcard 356: Which antihelminth is associated with mazzoti reaction, as a side effect?_____
Answer: Ivermectin
Flashcard 357: Which anti-bacterial drug is associated with exacerbation of psoriasis?_____
Answer: Tetracycline
Flashcard 358: Oral terbinafine at 250 mg/day is given for a duration of _____ weeks for toenails infection
Answer: 12
Flashcard 359: _____ is used in the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax
Answer: Tafenoquine
Flashcard 360: _____ has good activity against most strains of PPEEKS organisms
Answer: Amikacin (Aminoglycoside)
Flashcard 361: _____ is recommended as the preferred third drug for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis as per the recent MOHFW Jan 2020 guideline*what is the PEP regimen?
Answer: Dolutegravir (DTG)
Flashcard 362: _____ is the drug of choice for human infections with Fasciola hepatica.
Answer: Triclabendazole
Flashcard 363: Oral terbinafine at 250 mg/day is given for a duration of _____ weeks for fingernails infection
Answer: 6
Flashcard 364: All contacts of diphtheria should receive antibiotic prophylaxis _____, regardless of immunization status
Answer: (benzathine penicillin G or erythromycin)
Flashcard 365: _____ is the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis-D infection
Answer: Pegylated interferon-alpha (pegIFN-)
Flashcard 366: Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion contains equimolar amounts of amphotericin B and _____.
Answer: cholesteryl sulfate
Flashcard 367: Which fluoroquinolone is NOT approved for use in UTIs?_____
Answer: Moxifloxacin
Flashcard 368: Which triple drug combination is used for mass prophylaxis and transmission interruption of filariasis?_____
Answer: Ivermectin, DEC and Albendazole
Flashcard 369: _____ is the drug of choice for coccidioidal meningitis
Answer: Fluconazole
Flashcard 370: Artemesinin derivatives and Chloroquine are _____ onset acting schizonticides.
Answer: fast
Flashcard 371: _____ is the drug of choice during pregnancy in cerebral toxoplasmosis
Answer: Spiramycin
Flashcard 372: Which anti-malarial is also used for treating extra-intestinal amebiasis?_____
Answer: Chloroquine
Flashcard 373: Which drug for COVID-19 acts as a fusion inhibitor by inhibiting EK1C4/ HR2P?_____
Answer: HCQ
Flashcard 374: What is the primary mode of resistance to drugs like chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine, quinine etc.?_____
Answer: Efflux pumping
Flashcard 375: Linezolid is an example of a bacterio_____ drug.
Answer: static (cidal/static)
Flashcard 376: _____ like are a group of antibiotics that has additional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities
Answer: Macrolides
Flashcard 377: _____ are the only indication for the use of nalidixic acid
Answer: UTIs
Flashcard 378: Prolonged use of which anti-tubercular drug may cause goitre?_____
Answer: Ethionamide
Flashcard 379: _____, is preferred for prophylactic therapy against bacteremia caused by M. avian complex
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 380: Hydrogen peroxide is a _____ but cannot be used as a sanitizer.
Answer: disinfectant
Flashcard 381: Which fluoroquinolone are used for systemic infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?_____
Answer: Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin
Flashcard 382: Nitazoxanide acts by inhibiting _____ enzyme
Answer: PFOR
Flashcard 383: VZV vaccine is based on the _____ strain
Answer: OKA
Flashcard 384: Which drug is used for the treatment of pregnant women with giardiasis?_____
Answer: Paromomycin
Flashcard 385: Which antifungals are associated with exacerbation of psoriasis?_____
Answer: Terbinafine
Flashcard 386: The antitubercular drug that is implicated in the causation of transient memory loss is _____.
Answer: Isoniazid
Flashcard 387: Which drug can lead to formation of noncaseating epitheloid granulomas?_____
Answer: Isoniazid
Flashcard 388: Which antifungal is occasionally used in the treatment of visceral and dermal leishmaniasis?_____
Answer: Ketoconazole
Flashcard 389: The neuraminidase inhibitor available for intravenous administration for acute influenza is _____.
Answer: peramivir
Flashcard 390: Diethycarbamazine cannot be used in areas endemic to _____ as it can provoke severe reactions
Answer: Onchocerca
Flashcard 391: Esophageal candidiasis is treated with _____
Answer: oral fluconazole
Flashcard 392: Which covid-19 vaccine consists of recombinant, replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector?_____
Answer: AstraZeneca/Serum Institute - Covishield
Flashcard 393: The concentration of fortified cephazolin or vancomycin used in bacterial corneal ulcer is _____%
Answer: 5
Flashcard 394: Which antibiotics exhibit concentration dependent killing?_____
Answer: Aminoglycosides
Flashcard 395: Griseofulvin is an _____directly acting carcinogen
Answer: in
Flashcard 396: _____ is a sixth generation cephalosporin.
Answer: Cefiderocol
Flashcard 397: "Five-week dermatitis" is seen five to six weeks after the administration of which anti-leprosy drug?_____
Answer: dapsone
Flashcard 398: Which antiviral drug is used only in mild cases of COVID-19 without hypoxemia?_____
Answer: Favipravir
Flashcard 399: Cyclic peptide indicated as a second-line antituberculosis agent is _____
Answer: capreomycin
Flashcard 400: The disinfectant property of bleaching powder is predominantly due to the action of _____
Answer: hypochlorous acid
Flashcard 401: Pseudojaundice is an adverse effect of _____.
Answer: Rifabutin (anti-tubercular drug)
Flashcard 402: Which anti-leprosy drug is a brick red, fat soluble crystalline dye?_____
Answer: Clofazimine
Flashcard 403: _____ is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and prevents its attachment to the human ACE2 receptor
Answer: Bamlanivimab
Flashcard 404: The most common cause of aminoglycoside resistance is the _____
Answer: drug inactivation caused by enzymes
Flashcard 405: _____ has the least effect on neuromuscular blockade among aminoglycosides.
Answer: Tobramycin
Flashcard 406: Tolnaftate is a topical synthetic anti_____ agent., which acts by distorting mycelial growth
Answer: fungal
Flashcard 407: Which enzymes are sites of action of Isoniazid?_____
Answer: InhA and KasA
Flashcard 408: Which fluoroquinolone has clinically significant activity against anaerobes such as B. fragilis?_____
Answer: Moxifloxacin
Flashcard 409: Which fluoroquinolone has high activity against M. leprae?_____
Answer: Ofloxacin
Flashcard 410: What is the most common mode of resistance to Isoniazid?_____
Answer: mutation or deletion of KatG
Flashcard 411: Isoniazid induces efflux pumps that result in cross-resistance with _____.
Answer: ethambutol
Flashcard 412: Zanamivir is administered through which route for influenza infections?_____
Answer: Inhalational
Flashcard 413: Which recently approved COVID-19 drug acts by inhibiting glycolysis and glycolytic enzymes like PFK-2/FBP-3?_____
Answer: 2-deoxy-d-glucose
Flashcard 414: Which NRTIs are cytidine analogues?_____
Answer: Emtricitabine and Lamivudine
Flashcard 415: Which NRTIs are thymidine analogues?_____
Answer: Zidovudine and Stavudine
Flashcard 416: _____ antibiotics are used in parapharyngeal abscess
Answer: IV (Oral/IV)
Flashcard 417: Antimicrobials associated with causing seizures: BAG-IQ_____
Answer:
Flashcard 418: Pyrimethamine, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines and Clindamycin are _____ onset acting schizonticides.
Answer: slow
Flashcard 419: Lifelong TripLE regimen ART therapy of _____ is given to HIV+ pregnant and breastfeeding women regardless of their CD4 count and clinical stage of HIV
Answer: Tenofovir + Lamivudine+ Efavirenz
Flashcard 420: _____ contains two molecules of cycloserine and used in genitourinary TB
Answer: Terizidone
Flashcard 421: _____ is considered one of the least toxic antiretroviral agents.
Answer: Lamivudine (NRTI)
Flashcard 422: What form of Amphotericin B is associated with the highest infusion related events?_____
Answer: Amphotericin B colloidal dispersions
Flashcard 423: Tetracycline is used for the prophylaxis of _____.
Answer: cholera
Flashcard 424: Pyronaridine is an antimalarial agent, which has action similar to _____
Answer: chloroquine
Flashcard 425: Methylisothiazolinone (MI) in cosmetics is used as a _____ to inhibit bacterial growth.
Answer: preservative
Flashcard 426: _____ can only be used for HIV-1 specific infections and should not be used for HIV-2 infections.
Answer: NNRTIs and Enfuvirtide (Anti-HIV drugs)
Flashcard 427: Delamanid acts by inhibition of synthesis of _____
Answer: mycolic acid
Flashcard 428: Topical _____ penetrates eschar whereas silver sulfadiazine does not.
Answer: mafenide acetate
Flashcard 429: Currently, there are four vaccines against HPV approved for clinical use which are:Cervarix is a _____valent vaccine active against HPV types _____ and _____. Gardasil is _____valent and additionally protects against HPV _____ and _____.Gardasil-9 is nonavalent and protects against 9 strains.Cervavac is India's first indigenously prepared quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine against HPV strains _____
Answer: bi; 16; 18; quadri; 6; 11; 6, 11, 16, and 18.
Flashcard 430: _____ is activated to its toxic form by the enzyme catalase peroxidase in mycobacteria encoded by kat gene
Answer: Isoniazid
Flashcard 431: _____ is an HIV-1 gp120-directed attachment inhibitor.
Answer: Fostemsavir
Flashcard 432: The recommended ARV prophylaxis is syrup nevirapine + syrup _____ from birth to 12 weeks for exclusively breastfed infants.
Answer: zidovudine
Flashcard 433: The drug of choice for onychomycosis is oral _____.
Answer: terbinafine
Flashcard 434: Most appropriate treatment for Ophthalmia neonatorum due to Chlamydia is Oral _____ for 2 weeks
Answer: erythromycin
Flashcard 435: The optimal plasma ratio of sulfamethoxazole:trimethoprim for cotrimoxazole is _____
Answer: 20:1
Flashcard 436: _____ is drug of choice for cellulitis if patient is allergic to penicillin
Answer: Clarithromycin
Flashcard 437: Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units weekly for _____ weeks is the treatment of late cardiovascular syphilis.
Answer: three
Flashcard 438: The antipseudomonal cephalosporins include ceftazidime, _____, cefepime, and cefpirome.
Answer: ceftolozane
Flashcard 439: The mechanism of anti-mycobacterial action of bedaquiline is by _____
Answer: inhibition of ATP synthase
Flashcard 440: The two regimens approved for pre-exposure prophylaxis in HIV are: Tenofovir + _____Tenofovir + _____
Answer: Emtricitabine; Lamivudine
Flashcard 441: _____ is a d-alanine analog used as a second-line drug for MDR-TB.
Answer: Cycloserine
Flashcard 442: _____ 2g single dose is preferred treatment for trichomoniasis.
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 443: Patients with pulmonary anthrax are given anthrax immunoglobulin to neutralize the _____.
Answer: protective antigen
Flashcard 444: Amphotericin B is given as 5% Dextrose infusion since 5% Dextrose serves as a _____ for amphotericin.
Answer: carrier
Flashcard 445: _____ binds to the P site of the 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
Answer: Linezolid
Flashcard 446: _____ is the first oral drug against Leishmaniasis and it is registered for use in India.
Answer: Miltefosine
Flashcard 447: Drug of choice for Clostridium tetani is _______
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 448: Drug of choice in pertussis is:
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 449: Drug of choice for Late East African Trypanosomiasis
Answer: Eflornithine
Flashcard 450: Drug of choice in Amoebic liver abscess besides metronidazole is:
Answer: Tinidazole
Flashcard 451: Drug of choice for prophylaxis of TB is
Answer: Isoniazid
Flashcard 452: Drug of choice for early east African trypanosomiasis :
Answer: Pentamidine
Flashcard 453: Drug of choice for anaerobic infection is
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 454: Drug of choice for antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis is?
Answer: Oral vancomycin
Flashcard 455: The drug of choice in a patient with severe complicated falciparum malaria is _______.
Answer: Artesunate
Flashcard 456: _______ is the drug of choice for coccidioidal meningitis
Answer: Fluconazole
Flashcard 457: Drug of choice for chronic hepatitis -B is
Answer: Tenofovir
Flashcard 458: Drug of choice for cutaneous larva migrans is ?
Answer: Ivermectin
Flashcard 459: The drug of choice for a case of scrub typhus during pregnancy is _______
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 460: Drug of choice for actinomycosis:
Answer: Penicillin
Flashcard 461: Drug of choice for fungal corneal ulcer:
Answer: Natamycin
Flashcard 462: Drug of choice for typhoid fever:
Answer: Ciprofloxacin
Flashcard 463: _______ is the drug of choice in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Answer: Voriconazole
Flashcard 464: _______ in combination with _______ is the drug of choice for late-stage West African sleeping sickness
Answer: Nifurtimox and Eflornithine
Flashcard 465: Drug of choice for diphyllobothrium latum is
Answer: Praziquantel
Flashcard 466: _______ is the first-line drug and the drug of choice for the treatment of cutaneous larva migrans
Answer: Albendazole
Flashcard 467: Drug of choice for bacterial vaginosis is :
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 468: Drug of choice in a patient with renal disorder and Vancomycin resistant MRSA:
Answer: Linezolid
Flashcard 469: Drug of choice for acute meningococcal pyogenic meningitis is :
Answer: Ceftriaxone
Flashcard 470: Drug of choice for lymphogranuloma venerum:
Answer: Doxycycline
Flashcard 471: Drug of choice for pneumocystis carinii ?
Answer: Cotrimoxazole
Flashcard 472: Drug of choice for chloroquine resistant malaria in pregnancy is :
Answer: Quinine
Flashcard 473: Drug of choice for the following worm infection is
Answer: Mebendazole
Flashcard 474: Drug of choice for primary syphilis is :
Answer: Benzathine penicillin G
Flashcard 475: Drug of choice for plasmodium vivax is
Answer: Chloroquine
Flashcard 476: Drug of choice for gonococcal as well as non gonococcal urethritis is
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 477: Drug of choice for chlamydial infection in pregnancy is:
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 478: Drug of choice for treatment of infestation due to Onchocerca volvolus is :
Answer: Ivermectin
Flashcard 479: Drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by MRSA is :
Answer: Vancomycin
Flashcard 480: Drug of choice for ascariasis is :
Answer: Albendazole
Flashcard 481: Drug of choice for strongyloides stercoralis?
Answer: Ivermectin
Flashcard 482: The drug of choice for treatment of vivax malaria during pregnancy is _______.
Answer: Chloroquine
Flashcard 483: Drug of choice for neurocysticercosis is :
Answer: Albendazole
Flashcard 484: Drug of choice to treat severe fungal infection in AIDS is
Answer: Amphotericin B
Flashcard 485: Drug of choice for acyclovir resistant herpes is?
Answer: Cidofovir
Flashcard 486: Drug of choice for multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus is:
Answer: Vancomycin
Flashcard 487: Drug of choice for plague is:
Answer: Streptomycin
Flashcard 488: _______ is the first oral drug against Leishmaniasis and it is registered for use in India.
Answer: Miltefosine
Flashcard 489: Drug of choice for hookworm infestation is :
Answer: Albendazole
Flashcard 490: Drug of choice for non gonococcal urethritis is
Answer: Doxycycline
Flashcard 491: Drug of choice for cerebral malaria is:
Answer: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)
Flashcard 492: Drug of choice for medical treatment of hydatid cyst of liver is :
Answer: Albendazole
Flashcard 493: The drug of choice for post-Kala Azar cutaneous leishmaniasis is _______
Answer: Liposomal amphotericin B
Flashcard 494: Drug of choice for Herpes simplex encephalitis is:
Answer: Acyclovir
Flashcard 495: Drug of choice for Treponema Pallidum is?
Answer: Penicillin G
Flashcard 496: Drug of choice for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is :
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 497: Drug of choice for cystitis ?
Answer: Nitrofurantoin
Flashcard 498: Drug of choice for acute (pneumococcal) lobar pneumonia is :
Answer: Amoxicillin
Flashcard 499: Drug of choice for bacterial vaginosis is:
Answer: Metronidazole
Flashcard 500: Drug of choice for Clostridium difficile infection is
Answer: Fidaxomycin
Flashcard 501: Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis is :?
Answer: Cefazolin
Flashcard 502: Drug of choice for Strongyloidosis is:
Answer: Ivermectin
Flashcard 503: _______ is drug of choice for cellulitis if patient is allergic to penicillin
Answer: Clindamycin
Flashcard 504: Drug of choice for treatment of malaria due to P. vivax in a 25 year old pregnant female is :
Answer: Chloroquine
Flashcard 505: Drug of choice for chronic hepatitis–B is
Answer: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Flashcard 506: Drug of choice for treating extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) organism is:
Answer: Carbapenems
Flashcard 507: _______ is the drug of choice for human infections with Fasciola hepatica.
Answer: Triclabendazole
Flashcard 508: Drug of choice for treatment of neurocysticercosis is:-
Answer: Albendazole
Flashcard 509: _______ is the drug of choice during pregnancy in cerebral toxoplasmosis
Answer: Spiramycin
Flashcard 510: Drug of choice for fasciola hepatica:
Answer: Triclabendazole
Flashcard 511: Drug of choice for antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis is:
Answer: Vancomycin or Fidaxomycin
Flashcard 512: Drug of choice for nasal carriers of MRSA is:
Answer: Mupirocin
Flashcard 513: A-23-Year-old female presented with burning pain during micturition. On investigations, she is found to be suffering from co-infection with chlamydia and gonococcus. Drug of choice for treatment of this female is: -
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 514: Drug of choice for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV patients is:-
Answer: Ganciclovir
Flashcard 515: Drug of choice for herpes simplex viral infections is:-
Answer: Acyclovir
Flashcard 516: Drug of choice for prevention of infection by animal bite ?
Answer: Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Flashcard 517: Drug of choice for herpes zoster is:
Answer: Acyclovir
Flashcard 518: Drug of choice for sore throat caused by Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus is :
Answer: Penicillin V
Flashcard 519: _______ is the recommended drug of choice for the treatment of pertussis in neonates
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 520: Drug of choice for prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis is:
Answer: Ciprofloxacin
Flashcard 521: Drug of choice for brucellosis:
Answer: Doxycycline
Flashcard 522: Drug of choice for Chagas disease:
Answer: Benznidazole
Flashcard 523: Drug of choice for chlamydia trachomatis is:
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 524: Drug of choice in Pregnant women with Secondary Syphilis :
Answer: Penicillin G
Flashcard 525: Drug of choice for treatment of chloroque resistant falciparum malaria-
Answer: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)
Flashcard 526: Drug of choice for exo–erythrocytic stage of malaria is :
Answer: Primaquine
Flashcard 527: Drug of choice for Chlornochis sinensis:
Answer: Praziquantel
Flashcard 528: Drug of choice for herpes simplex keratitis is :
Answer: Acyclovir
Flashcard 529: The drug of choice for onychomycosis is oral _______.
Answer: Terbinafine
Flashcard 530: Drug of choice in a patient with severe complicated falciparum malaria is :
Answer: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)
Flashcard 531: Drug of choice for severe Falciparum malaria in pregnancy is:
Answer: Artesunate
Flashcard 532: _______ is the drug of choice for late stage East African sleeping sickness
Answer: Melarsoprol
Keywords: Antimicrobial Agents flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
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Aminoglycosides
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Macrolides and Ketolides
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Tetracyclines
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Quinolones
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Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
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Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Antifungal Agents
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Antiviral Drugs
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Antiparasitic Agents
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Principles of Antimicrobial Selection
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Antimicrobial Resistance
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