Neonatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: The most common tracheoesophageal anomaly (85%) is proximal _____ with distal tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer: esophageal atresia

Flashcard 42: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) causes neonatal meningitis, _____, and pneumonia

Answer: sepsis

Flashcard 43: In neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, bleeding usually originates from the _____, highly vascularized layer of the subventricular zone that starts disappearing at 28 weeks gestation

Answer: germinal matrix

Flashcard 44: In patients with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, _____ therapy increases the risk for free radical injury

Answer: supplemental O2

Flashcard 45: The highest score on expanded New Ballard Score is _____, which corresponds to 44 weeks gestational age

Answer: 50

Flashcard 46: In neonates with conjunctivitis, _____ (late onset) is treated with oral Erythromycin, while Neisseria gonorrhoeae (early onset) is treated with Ceftriaxone.

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Extra: Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum) timing and treatment: • Chemical (<24h): Due to silver nitrate; resolves spontaneously. • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2–5 days): Most severe; treat with systemic Ceftriaxone. • Chlamydia trachomatis (5–14 days): Most common; treat with oral Erythromycin. Note: Oral erythromycin in neonates is associated with an increased risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Topical erythromycin is used for prophylaxis, not treatment.

Flashcard 47: In all neonates with seizures, hypo_____, CNS infection, and hypocalcemia should be ruled out before anti-epileptic drug treatment.

Answer: glycemia

Flashcard 48: Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of hypoglycemia, _____ and hypomagnesemia

Answer: hypocalcemia

Flashcard 49: Moro reflex in different stages of Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):Stage I HIE (mild): _____Stage II HIE (moderate): Weak/incompleteStage III HIE (severe): Absent

Answer: Brisk

Flashcard 50: What activity is associated with each of the following scores using the Apgar score? 0: _____1: arms, legs flexed2: active movement

Answer: no movement