Perinatal Asphyxia — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Moro reflex in different stages of Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):Stage I HIE (mild): _____Stage II HIE (moderate): Weak/incompleteStage III HIE (severe): Absent

Answer: Brisk

Flashcard 2: _____ Staging is used for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)

Answer: Sarnat

Flashcard 3: What is the axillary temperature range for **Mild hypothermia (Cold stress)** in neonates?

Answer: 36.0°C to 36.4°C

Extra: Management of **Cold stress** includes skin-to-skin contact (KMC) and extra clothing/head covering. **WHO Classification of Neonatal Hypothermia (Axillary Temperature):** • **Normal:** 36.5°C to 37.5°C • **Mild (Cold stress):** 36.0°C to 36.4°C • **Moderate:** 32.0°C to 35.9°C • **Severe:** < 32.0°C

Flashcard 4: The preferred imaging modality in preterm neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is _____

Answer: USG

Flashcard 5: Problems of infants with IUGR and pathogenesis: _____: due to decreased uteroplacental perfusion during labour+chronic fetal hypoxia, meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer: Perinatal asphyxia

Flashcard 6: Umbilical vessel cannulation can be performed in the first _____ of life before umbilical stump gets detatched

Answer: 7-10 days

Flashcard 7: Area shaded blue (the _____) is the preferred site for heel prick testing in newborns.

Answer: medial and lateral aspects

Flashcard 8: Which pediatric disorder will present with hyperinflation, patchy infiltrates and coarse streaking on chest x-ray?\n_____

Answer: Meconium aspiration syndrome

Flashcard 9: The Silverman Anderson score is used to assess the severity of _____ in neonates.

Answer: respiratory distress

Extra: Components of Silverman Anderson Score (Total 10): 1. Upper chest retractions (Synchronized, Lagging, or See-saw) 2. Lower chest retractions (None, Just visible, or Marked) 3. Xiphoid retractions (None, Just visible, or Marked) 4. Nasal flaring (None, Minimal, or Marked) 5. Expiratory grunt (None, Audible with stethoscope, or Audible with naked ear)

Flashcard 10: Exclusion criteria for therapeutic hypothermia in neonates: - Gestational age < _____ weeks - Birth weight < 1800 g - Time since birth > 6 hours - Major congenital anomalies or moribund state

Answer: 35

Extra: Therapeutic hypothermia (whole-body or selective head cooling) is indicated for neonates with moderate-to-severe Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). It must be initiated within 6 hours of birth and continued for 72 hours. Common inclusion criteria: - Gestational age ≥35-36 weeks - Evidence of metabolic acidosis or low APGAR scores - Moderate to severe encephalopathy Common exclusion criteria: - GA <35 weeks - Weight <1800g - Major congenital anomalies - Severe coagulopathy/bleeding