Infectious Diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: _____ is the most common manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis

Answer: Chorioretinitis

Flashcard 72: In children undergoing elective splenectomy, which pneumococcal vaccines are recommended to be administered at least 2 weeks prior?

Answer: PCV13 and PPSV23

Extra: Patients with anatomic or functional asplenia (e.g., splenectomy, sickle cell disease) require vaccination against encapsulated organisms: *S. pneumoniae*, *N. meningitidis*, and *H. influenzae* type b. **Pneumococcal vaccination protocol:** * **PCV13 (Conjugate):** Part of routine series; should be completed. * **PPSV23 (Polysaccharide):** Administered to high-risk patients ≥ 2 years of age, at least 8 weeks after the last PCV13 dose. * **Timing:** Ideally ≥ 2 weeks before elective splenectomy. If the surgery is emergent, vaccinate 2 weeks after surgery.

Flashcard 73: The most common infectious etiology for adrenal insufficiency in children is _____

Answer: meningococcemia

Flashcard 74: Vesiculobullous lesions are a feature of _____ syphilis

Answer: early congenital

Flashcard 75: A patient of dengue hemorrhagic fever can be discharged if the platelet count is >_____/cu.mm

Answer: 50,000

Flashcard 76: Rash of chickenpox is deemed non-contagious after the lesions have _____.

Answer: crusted

Flashcard 77: Infants born to HbsAg-positive mothers should receive _____ immunization at birth

Answer: both active and passive (active/passive)

Flashcard 78: A child born to a mother who was diagnosed to have TB in pregnancy should receive INH prophylaxis for _____ months, provided congenital TB has been ruled out.

Answer: 6

Flashcard 79: What is the upper limit of CD4 count for starting ART in children?_____

Answer: None (ART is recommended for all children regardless of CD4 count)

Extra: Current guidelines (WHO/NACO) recommend the "Treat All" strategy, where Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is initiated in all HIV-infected individuals, including children, immediately upon diagnosis regardless of CD4 cell count or clinical stage.

Flashcard 80: What is the most characteristic finding seen universally in HIV in children?_____

Answer: Failure to thrive