Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Worth's four dot test is a _____ function test

Answer: sensory

Flashcard 92: _____ is the most common cause of ophthalmia neonatarum in developed countries.

Answer: Chlamydia

Flashcard 93: Beyond 8 years of age the power of the IOL is undercorrected by _____%

Answer: 0

Flashcard 94: Which test is used to determine if a manifest squint (tropia) is **unilateral** or **alternating**?

Answer: Cover-uncover test

Extra: The **cover-uncover test** is used to differentiate between a tropia (manifest squint) and a phoria (latent squint). It also identifies whether a tropia is **unilateral** (the same eye always deviates) or **alternating** (either eye can maintain fixation). In contrast, the **alternate cover test** (cross-cover test) breaks fusion and is used to measure the **total deviation** (manifest + latent).

Flashcard 95: In infants, the power of the IOL is undercorrected by _____% to account for the myopic shift.

Answer: 20

Extra: IOL power calculation guidelines in pediatric cataracts: - < 1 year: 20% undercorrection - 1-2 years: 10% undercorrection - > 2 years: Aim for emmetropia or adult-like targets.

Flashcard 96: In Maddox rod test (for the left eye), if the light is on the right side of the line, it is an _____-deviation

Answer: eso

Flashcard 97: By _____ months, macular stereopsis and accommodation reflex are fully developed.

Answer: 6

Flashcard 98: In ROP, concentric zones centered on the _____ are described.

Answer: optic disc

Flashcard 99: When repeated probing fails in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO), what type of dilation is performed?

Answer: Balloon catheter dilation (Dacryocystoplasty)

Extra: The management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO) follows a step-wise approach: 1. Conservative (Crigler massage): Usually up to 1 year of age. 2. Probing: Performed if conservative management fails (ideally at 10-12 months). 3. Repeated probing, Balloon catheter dilation, or Silastic intubation: Performed if the first probing is unsuccessful. 4. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR): Usually deferred until the child is 3-4 years old.

Flashcard 100: _____ squint is a condition in which the tendency of the eyes to deviate is kept under control by the fusion mechanism.

Answer: Latent (Heterophoria)