Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus — Flashcards

Flashcard 101: _____ squint is a condition in which the tendency of the eyes to deviate is kept under control by the fusion mechanism.

Answer: Latent (Heterophoria)

Flashcard 102: When repeated probing fails in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO), what type of dilation is performed?

Answer: Balloon catheter dilation (Dacryocystoplasty)

Extra: The management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO) follows a step-wise approach: 1. Conservative (Crigler massage): Usually up to 1 year of age. 2. Probing: Performed if conservative management fails (ideally at 10-12 months). 3. Repeated probing, Balloon catheter dilation, or Silastic intubation: Performed if the first probing is unsuccessful. 4. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR): Usually deferred until the child is 3-4 years old.

Flashcard 103: Optic nerve involvement in retinoblastoma is treated by _____

Answer: enucleation + adjuvant chemotherapy + radiotherapy

Flashcard 104: What type of lenses are preferred in pediatric aphakia/pseudophakia?_____

Answer: Executive bifocal

Flashcard 105: Upper lid crease is _____ in congenital ptosis

Answer: absent

Flashcard 106: Age of onset of infantile squint is: _____ months

Answer: 6 months (onset occurs within the first 6 months of life)

Flashcard 107: The most common indication for transposition is _____ muscle weakness.

Answer: lateral rectus

Flashcard 108: Binocular single vision is tested by a _____.

Answer: synoptophore

Flashcard 109: What is the most effective treatment of amblyopia?_____

Answer: occlusion of normal eye

Flashcard 110: The most common site of a coloboma is the _____ quadrant of the iris

Answer: inferonasal