Pulmonology — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: What is the pattern of bronchiectasis seen in Allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis?_____

Answer: Central Bronchiectasis

Flashcard 52: What is the target SpO2 for a COPD patient receiving oxygen therapy (e.g., via Venturi mask)?

Answer: 88–92%

Extra: Targeting 88–92% SpO2 in COPD patients prevents oxygen-induced hypercapnia (due to loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, the Haldane effect, and decreased respiratory drive).

Flashcard 53: Acute onset tachypnea and _____ in a post-op CABG patient points to the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure.

Answer: hypoxemia

Extra: Acute respiratory failure post-CABG is typically defined by hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) and tachypnea. Common causes include atelectasis, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism. Note: Hypotension in the post-operative period is more characteristic of shock states, such as cardiac tamponade, acute heart failure, or massive pulmonary embolism.

Flashcard 54: Is mediastinal shift always seen in pneumothorax?_____

Answer: No, unless its tension pneumothorax

Flashcard 55: What is the next step in management for a patient with status asthmaticus who has not responded to initial bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids?

Answer: IV Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)

Flashcard 56: What is the next step in management for a patient failing standard oxygen therapy?

Answer: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

Flashcard 57: Patients of sarcoidosis will undergo spontaneous remission especially in stage _____

Answer: I

Flashcard 58: Which subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia are associated with upper respiratory tract infection?_____

Answer: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)

Flashcard 59: Bronchoscopy shows the typical 'cobblestone' appearance of the mucosa in _____

Answer: sarcoidosis

Flashcard 60: What is the most common **bacterial** cause of acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer: H. influenzae

Extra: Viral infections (most commonly **Rhinovirus**) are the most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD overall. Among bacterial causes: 1. **Haemophilus influenzae** (most common) 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Moraxella catarrhalis