Pulmonology — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: A young adult with _____ is most likely to have _____ emphysema.

Answer: spontaneous pneumothorax; paraseptal

Flashcard 72: Pneumonia due to Moraxella catarrhalis is likely to be associated with underlying _____ or smoking.

Answer: COPD

Flashcard 73: What type of airway obstruction is characterized by selective flattening of the **expiratory** limb on a flow-volume loop?

Answer: Variable intrathoracic obstruction

Extra: Flow-volume loop patterns in upper airway obstruction: - **Variable extrathoracic obstruction:** Flattening of the inspiratory limb (e.g., vocal cord paralysis, laryngomalacia). - **Variable intrathoracic obstruction:** Flattening of the expiratory limb (e.g., tracheomalacia, airway tumors). - **Fixed obstruction:** Flattening of both inspiratory and expiratory limbs (e.g., tracheal stenosis, goiter).