General Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 651: _____ gene increases the risk of collapsing nephropathy in patients infected with COVID-19

Answer: APOL1

Flashcard 652: CSF is mixed with blood and collected on a piece of filter paper shows a central red spot (blood) and a peripheral lighter halo, also known as _____ sign

Answer: Double target/halo

Flashcard 653: Tuberculosis of the larynx is a pain_____ condition

Answer: ful

Flashcard 654: Risk of malignancy in dominant thyroid swellings is _____ than isolated swellings

Answer: less

Flashcard 655: _____ disease is an occlusive disease involving large intracranial arteries.

Answer: Moyamoya

Flashcard 656: What is the most common cause of optic neuritis?_____

Answer: Demyelinating disorders

Flashcard 657: The most common cause of isolated right-sided heart failure is _____.

Answer: parenchymal lung disease

Flashcard 658: Doll's head eye phenomenon is typically seen in _____ stupor

Answer: organic

Flashcard 659: 2020 AHA guidelines recommendations:What is the optimise time when epinephrine should be administered for cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythm?_____

Answer: as soon as possible

Flashcard 660: What is the first-line ART for all patients with confirmed HIV-2 or HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfection?

Answer: Tenofovir (TDF) + Lamivudine (3TC) + Dolutegravir (DTG)

Extra: HIV-2 is intrinsically resistant to NNRTIs (e.g., Efavirenz, Nevirapine). Current WHO and NACO guidelines recommend a Dolutegravir-based regimen (TLD) as the first-line treatment for HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfection. Historically, a boosted PI-based regimen (e.g., TDF + 3TC + Lopinavir/ritonavir) was the standard for HIV-2, but DTG is now preferred due to higher efficacy and better tolerability.