Immunization and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: <b>Vaccine Logistics Formulas:</b> * Vaccine Wastage Rate = _____{\text{doses issued}} \times 100\%\)}} * Wastage Multiplication Factor (WMF) = _____\)}} <b>Example:</b> Pentavalent (10 dose vial), 9 doses used in a session: * Wastage rate = _____ * WMF = _____ <b>Doses and Wastage (NIS - Gujarat / GoI):</b> • <b>BCG:</b> 1 dose | 50% Wastage | 2.0 WMF • <b>MR:</b> 2 doses | 25% Wastage | 1.33 WMF • <b>OPV:</b> 5 doses | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF • <b>IPV / Penta / Rota / PCV:</b> 3 doses | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF • <b>DPT:</b> 2 doses | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF • <b>Td:</b> 3.5 doses* | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF <i>*Td calculation: 1.5 (average for pregnancy) + 1 (10y) + 1 (16y) = 3.5 doses per beneficiary.</i>

Answer: \(\frac{\text{doses issued} - \text{doses administered

Extra: The Wastage Multiplication Factor (WMF) is used to calculate the actual number of vaccine doses required for a program. Formula: Total Requirement = Target population × Doses in schedule × WMF. BCG has a high wastage rate (50%) because the vial is large and must be discarded within 4-6 hours of reconstitution, often before all doses are used in a typical session. MR/Measles also has a high wastage rate (25%) for similar reasons.

Flashcard 92: Live attenuated vaccines are segregated into the _____ category of BMW.

Answer: Yellow

Flashcard 93: _____ vaccine should not be given together with yellow fever vaccine

Answer: Cholera

Extra: If they are not given simultaneously, a minimum interval of 3 weeks should be observed between them (due to immunological interference).

Flashcard 94: 1st dose of JE is given at _____ and 2 nd at _____

Answer: 9 months

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Flashcard 95: india achieved neonatal tetanus elimination in _____

Answer: august 2015

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Flashcard 96: MR surveillance is done for _____ age groups

Answer: all

Extra: In the measles-rubella (MR) elimination phase, fever and rash surveillance (MR surveillance) is expanded to include individuals of **all age groups** to ensure no transmission is missed.

Flashcard 97: The standard temperature requirement for **most vaccines** in the cold chain is _____ °C

Answer: +2 to +8

Extra: Most vaccines (including DPT, HepB, TT, BCG, and Measles) are stored at +2 to +8 °C in the Ice-Lined Refrigerator (ILR). OPV is the main vaccine stored at freezing temperatures (-15 to -25 °C) in deep freezers at the district level and above. Freeze-sensitive vaccines should never be frozen.

Flashcard 98: keep up phase in measles vaccination includes

Answer: Routine immunization (maintaining >95% coverage)

Extra: Strategies for Measles Elimination: - **Catch-up**: One-time nationwide campaign (usually 9 months to 14 years). - **Keep-up**: Routine immunization (maintaining high coverage in each birth cohort). - **Follow-up**: Periodic campaigns every 2-4 years (usually 9 months to 5 years).

Flashcard 99: AFP reporting rate should be _____

Answer: >1 case/lac/year

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Flashcard 100: OPV vaccine schedule is _____

Answer: 0,6,10,14 weeks + 16-24 months(booster dose)

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