Immunization and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Immunization and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Immunization and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 81: dose schedule of Hep B vaccine in adults is
Answer: 3 doses
0,1,6 months
4 dose schedule in children
Extra:
Flashcard 82: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen for rabies vaccine is:
Answer: 3 doses (on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28)
Extra: Current National Rabies Control Program (NRCP) guidelines in India recommend a 3-dose Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) schedule. Note: WHO 2018 guidelines updated this to a 2-dose regimen (0, 7).
Flashcard 83: What are the strategies/phases for **measles elimination**?
Answer: 1. **Catch-up**: One-time nationwide campaign (9 months to 14 years)
2. **Keep-up**: Routine immunization (high coverage)
3. **Follow-up**: Periodic campaigns (every 3-4 years for 9-59 months)
Extra: The catch-up phase targets all children regardless of previous history to rapidly reduce the pool of susceptible individuals.
Flashcard 84: 1. Identify → _____
2. Type of vaccine & diluent → _____
3. Dose, Route and Schedule → _____
Answer: BCG Vaccine (For TB)
Extra: BCG Vaccine Details:
- Dose: 0.05 ml for neonates (up to 1 month); 0.1 ml for infants (>1 month).
- Route: Strictly intradermal (ID) using an Omega/Tuberculin syringe.
- Site: Left upper arm (to standardize and facilitate identification of the BCG scar).
- Diluent: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl). Distilled water should NOT be used as it causes irritation and is toxic to the bacilli.
- Storage: 2–8°C; must be protected from light and used within 4 hours of reconstitution.
Flashcard 85: PCV(pneumococcal conjugated vaccine) has _____ primary doses and _____ booster dose
Answer: 2
Extra:
Flashcard 86: _____ vaccine should not be given together with yellow fever vaccine
Answer: Cholera
Extra: If they are not given simultaneously, a minimum interval of 3 weeks should be observed between them (due to immunological interference).
Flashcard 87: 1st dose of JE is given at _____ and 2 nd at _____
Answer: 9 months
Extra:
Flashcard 88: 1. Identify the vaccine (shown on back) → _____
2. Vaccine type → _____
3. Diluent for reconstitution → _____
4. Status in India's National Immunization Schedule → _____
Answer: MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, & Rubella)
Extra: In India, the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) uses the MR (Measles-Rubella) vaccine (doses at 9-12 months and 16-24 months). The MMR vaccine is recommended by the IAP for use in the private sector.
Flashcard 89: <b>Vaccine Logistics Formulas:</b>
* Vaccine Wastage Rate = _____{\text{doses issued}} \times 100\%\)}}
* Wastage Multiplication Factor (WMF) = _____\)}}
<b>Example:</b> Pentavalent (10 dose vial), 9 doses used in a session:
* Wastage rate = _____
* WMF = _____
<b>Doses and Wastage (NIS - Gujarat / GoI):</b>
• <b>BCG:</b> 1 dose | 50% Wastage | 2.0 WMF
• <b>MR:</b> 2 doses | 25% Wastage | 1.33 WMF
• <b>OPV:</b> 5 doses | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF
• <b>IPV / Penta / Rota / PCV:</b> 3 doses | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF
• <b>DPT:</b> 2 doses | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF
• <b>Td:</b> 3.5 doses* | 10% Wastage | 1.11 WMF
<i>*Td calculation: 1.5 (average for pregnancy) + 1 (10y) + 1 (16y) = 3.5 doses per beneficiary.</i>
Answer: \(\frac{\text{doses issued} - \text{doses administered
Extra: The Wastage Multiplication Factor (WMF) is used to calculate the actual number of vaccine doses required for a program.
Formula: Total Requirement = Target population × Doses in schedule × WMF.
BCG has a high wastage rate (50%) because the vial is large and must be discarded within 4-6 hours of reconstitution, often before all doses are used in a typical session. MR/Measles also has a high wastage rate (25%) for similar reasons.
Flashcard 90: The Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India currently targets _____ vaccine-preventable diseases.
Answer: 12
Extra: Initially, the UIP included 7 diseases (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, TB, and Hepatitis B). It has since expanded to 12. While 11 vaccines are administered nationally, the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine is administered in endemic districts.
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