Energy Production and Metabolism — Flashcards

The Warburg effect states that cancers produce energy via a high rate of _____ followed by lactic acid fermentation

Alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to _____ via the enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Conversion of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate releases a molecule of _____ and NADH

Conversion of α-ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA releases a molecule of _____ and NADH

Increased NADH/NAD+ (e.g. due to ethanol) causes increased conversion of _____ -> lactate, thus increasing risk for lactic acidosis

_____ is converted to acetyl CoA by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase

Electrons from complex _____ and II of the ETC are transferred to Coenzyme Q, also known as ubiquinone

_____ may inhibit the ETC by binding Fe3+, preventing transfer of electrons to O2 in complex IV

Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA releases a molecule of _____ and NADH

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is activated by _____, Ca2+, and an increased NAD+/NADH ratio