Anatomical Variations and Anomalies — Flashcards
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Identify the type of hymen: _____
Identify the type of hymen: _____
Unilateral _____ ureter describes the appearance of retrocaval ureter.
_____ skull is found in Aryans, Aborigines, Negros
_____ and Parietal eminences are large in a female skull
_____ malformation presents as a massively dilated 4th ventricle and an absent cerebellar vermis
_____ malformation is a congenital failure of the cerebellar vermis to develop
The cervical rib is an additional rib that arises from the _____ vertebra usually unilateral and more common on the right side.
_____ have a Brachycephalic skull
Hint: Race
Chiari _____ malformation is characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
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Anatomical Variations and Anomalies Flashcard Deck - 109 Cards
Flashcard 1: Identify the type of hymen: _____
Answer: Cribriform
Flashcard 2: Identify the type of hymen: _____
Answer: Septate
Flashcard 3: Unilateral _____ ureter describes the appearance of retrocaval ureter.
Answer: Fish hook
Flashcard 4: _____ skull is found in Aryans, Aborigines, Negros
Answer: Dolichocephalic
Flashcard 5: _____ and Parietal eminences are large in a female skull
Answer: Frontal
Flashcard 6: _____ malformation presents as a massively dilated 4th ventricle and an absent cerebellar vermis
Answer: Dandy-Walker
Flashcard 7: _____ malformation is a congenital failure of the cerebellar vermis to develop
Answer: Dandy-Walker
Flashcard 8: The cervical rib is an additional rib that arises from the _____ vertebra usually unilateral and more common on the right side.
Answer: 7th cervical
Flashcard 9: _____ have a Brachycephalic skull
Answer: Mongolians
Flashcard 10: Chiari _____ malformation is characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
Answer: I
Flashcard 11: _____ is the abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the dorsal surface of the penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle
Answer: Epispadias
Flashcard 12: _____-ring is a type of distal esophageal mucosal ring, which occurs at the squamocolumnar junction
Answer: B
Flashcard 13: _____ skull is found in Europeans, Chinese, Indians
Answer: Mesaticephalic
Flashcard 14: Chiari _____ malformation is often associated with lumbosacral meningomyelocele
Answer: II
Flashcard 15: The most common site of a branchial _____ is at the junction of the upper third and middle third of the sternomastoid muscle at its anterior border
Answer: cyst
Flashcard 16: _____ is an epithelial-lined median recess found within the adenoid mass and extends from pharyngeal mucosa to the periosteum of the basiocciput.
Answer: Thornwaldt cyst
Flashcard 17: The most common site of sequestered lung segment is the _____ segment of left lower lobe.
Answer: posterobasal
Flashcard 18: _____ dysostosis/Crouzon syndrome refers to the premature closure of the coronal and sagittal sutures (brachycephaly) associated with maxillary hypoplasia
Answer: Craniofacial
Flashcard 19: Preauricular sinus/cyst is commonly seen between _____ and crus of helix of pinna
Answer: tragus
Flashcard 20: Nasal gliomas are _____ranasal>intranasal (extra/intra)
Answer: ext
Flashcard 21: In the infantile form, coarctation of the aorta lies _____ the aortic arch, but before the PDA
Answer: after
Flashcard 22: _____ pancreas is a congenital malformation in which the ventral pancreatic bud forms a ring around the 2nd part of the duodenum
Answer: Annular
Flashcard 23: Meckel diverticulum may contain ectopic acid-secreting _____ and/or pancreatic tissue
Answer: gastric mucosa
Flashcard 24: Uterus is generally shifted off the midline, and and the endometrial cavity assumes a _____ shape in unicornuate uterus
Answer: banana
Flashcard 25: When the _____ arises from both the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery, it is referred to as codominant circulation (7%)
Answer: posterior descending artery (PDA)
Flashcard 26: Patients with a _____ deficiency commonly also have a micropenis and hypospadias
Answer: 5a-reductase
Flashcard 27: Agenesis of the _____ vein has been reported in association with KlippelTrenaunay syndrome.
Answer: external iliac
Flashcard 28: An _____-shaped greater sciatic notch is seen in females
Answer: L
Flashcard 29: _____ cell (sphenoethmoidal cell) is related to the optic nerve
Answer: Onodi
Flashcard 30: Tortuosity of the _____ artery is an anomaly present in front of the origin of the cystic duct known as caterpillar turn or Moynihans hump.
Answer: hepatic
Flashcard 31: Pancreas _____ is a congenital malformation in which the ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks
Answer: divisum
Flashcard 32: _____ occurs due to persistent omovertebral bar
Answer: Sprengel deformity
Flashcard 33: _____ is a branch of brachiocephalic trunk or directly from the arch of aorta.
Answer: Arteria thyroidea ima
Flashcard 34: One classic location for a _____ outside of the adrenal medulla is the organ of Zuckerkandl at the inferior mesenteric artery root
Answer: pheochromocytoma
Flashcard 35: _____ syndrome/Mandibulofacial dysostosis refers to a condition resulting from the hypoplasia of the zygoma and mandible.
Answer: Treacher Collins
Flashcard 36: _____ cross section of hair is found in Negroids race.
Answer: Elliptical
Flashcard 37: _____ syndrome is defined as the absence of Pectoralis major. muscle
Answer: Poland's
Flashcard 38: In the normal heart, the aorta is _____ and to the left of the pulmonary artery; whereas in D-transposition of the great vessels, the aorta is anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 39: Fused portion of horseshoe kidney lies adjacent to the _____ or L4 vertebra
Answer: L3
Flashcard 40: _____ Diverticulum is an esophageal diverticulum that originates laterally between the oblique and transverse fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle, at its attachment to cricoid cartilage
Answer: Killian Jamieson
Flashcard 41: An aberrant right subclavian artery presents with hoarseness (due to compression of the _____) and dysphagia (due to compression of the esophagus by an incomplete vascular ring)
Answer: left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Flashcard 42: The most common site of a congenital branchial _____ is at the junction of the middle third and lower third of the sternomastoid muscle
Answer: fistula
Flashcard 43: There are normally _____ total -globin alleles present on chromosome 16
Answer: four
Flashcard 44: _____ diverticulum classically arises at Killian's triangle, between the thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Answer: Zenker
Flashcard 45: Orbits are round with sharp margins in a _____ skull
Answer: female
Flashcard 46: Horseshoe kindey increases the vulnerability to develop into a diseased condition, possibly because the ureters are _____
Answer: angulated
Flashcard 47: Interparietal bone of the skull is known as _____.
Answer: inca
Flashcard 48: Cephalic Index is used to determine the _____ of the individual.
Answer: race
Flashcard 49: What is the demographic of horseshoe kindey?_____
Answer: males>females (2:1)
Flashcard 50: _____ races tend to have large teeth and often have more cusps on their molars
Answer: Negroid
Flashcard 51: The most dangerous type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is _____cardiac.
Answer: infra
Flashcard 52: Highest cephalic index is found in _____ skull
Answer: Brachycephalic
Flashcard 53: Scaphocephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ suture
Answer: saggital
Flashcard 54: Trigonocephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ suture
Answer: metopic
Flashcard 55: When superior poles and inferior poles of kidney are fused it is referred to as a _____
Answer: sigmoid kidney.
Flashcard 56: Esophageal webs typically arise from the _____ wall
Answer: anterior
Flashcard 57: A patent _____ will cause umbilical discharge in the presence of straining
Answer: urachus
Flashcard 58: Branchial cysts are present most commonly at the _____
Answer: angle of the mandible
Flashcard 59: The skull of an Indian is _____
Answer: 'Caucasian with a few Negroid features'
Flashcard 60: The most common site for congenital dehiscence in the fallopian canal for the facial nerve is the _____ segment
Answer: tympanic
Flashcard 61: What is the most common anomaly of the 1st branchial arch?_____
Answer: Pre-auricular sinus
Flashcard 62: Brachycephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ sutures
Answer: both coronal
Flashcard 63: Absent helix is referred to as _____
Answer: Wildermuth ear
Flashcard 64: Patients of autism spectrum disorder have higher incidence of abnormal fingerprints (_____)
Answer: dermatoglyphics
Flashcard 65: _____ long bones have a modified shaft or ends, and no medullary cavity
Answer: Modified
Flashcard 66: The most frequent site of the ectopic gastric mucosa is the _____ of the esophagus
Answer: upper-third
Flashcard 67: Ascent of the fused kidneys in horseshoe kidney is prevented by the _____
Answer: inferior mesenteric artery.
Flashcard 68: The most common site for thyroglossal cyst is _____hyoid
Answer: infra
Flashcard 69: The most common type of craniosynostosis involves the premature fusion of the midline _____ suture
Answer: sagittal
Flashcard 70: Fusion of helix & antihelix is referred to as _____
Answer: Mozart ear
Flashcard 71: The most common type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is _____cardiac.
Answer: supra
Flashcard 72: An occipital bone defect in a newborn with retroflexion of the neck and trunk is typical of _____.
Answer: iniencephaly
Flashcard 73: In pancreas divisum, which duct of the pancreas is the major drainage source?_____
Answer: Dorsal duct
Flashcard 74: Sacral angle less than 90 is seen in _____ pelvis
Answer: android
Flashcard 75: _____ fistula is present between EAC and neck
Answer: Collaural
Flashcard 76: The foramen of _____ is one of the posterolateral sites for herniation of abdominal viscera in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Answer: Bockdalek
Flashcard 77: Sternal index is _____ in females compared to males
Answer: more
Flashcard 78: The foramen of _____ is one of the anterolateral sites for herniation of abdominal viscera in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Answer: Morgagni
Flashcard 79: Identify the type of hymen: _____
Answer: Septate
Flashcard 80: The persistant petrosquamous suture is called _____
Answer: Korners septum
Flashcard 81: In a _____ nose, there is excess of bony or cartilaginous dorsum.
Answer: hump
Flashcard 82: The most common anomaly of the hepatic artery is replaced right hepatic artery arising from the _____ artery
Answer: superior mesenteric
Flashcard 83: Carabellis cusp, are most common in _____ races and rare in the other major racial group.
Answer: Caucasian
Flashcard 84: The _____ is the most reliable bone for sex determination.
Answer: whole pelvis (bone)
Flashcard 85: _____ is the most common congenital anatomic variant of the human pancreas.
Answer: Pancreas divisum
Flashcard 86: Small pinna is referred to as _____
Answer: Microtia
Flashcard 87: Which long bone is the most useful for sex determination?_____
Answer: Femur
Flashcard 88: Depth of AC is _____ in women than in men.
Answer: less
Flashcard 89: _____ pancreas is most often seen in association with congenital duodenal stenosis or atresia
Answer: Annular
Flashcard 90: _____ is the most common malformation of the posterior fossa and hindbrain.
Answer: Arnold Chiari malformation
Flashcard 91: What is the most common cause of a complete vascular ring obstructing the trachea and esophagus at birth?_____
Answer: Double aortic arch
Flashcard 92: Left anterior plagiocephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ suture
Answer: left coronal
Flashcard 93: Sciatic index is _____ in females compared to males
Answer: more
Flashcard 94: Right posterior plagiocephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ suture
Answer: right lambdoid
Flashcard 95: Concha bullosa is pneumatization of _____ turbinate.
Answer: middle
Flashcard 96: The preauricular sulcus is a groove on the iliac bone found in a _____ pelvis
Answer: female (sex)
Flashcard 97: Azygous lobe is a portion of the _____ lobe of the lung
Answer: superior
Flashcard 98: The vertebrae in Klippel-Fiel syndrome are also widened and flattened (_____ appearance).
Answer: wasp-waist
Flashcard 99: _____ is a deformity in which there is an indention of the skull floor by the upper cervical spine.
Answer: Basilar impression (basilar invagination)
Flashcard 100: A U-shaped chin is seen in _____
Answer: males (sex)
Flashcard 101: What is the most common congenital anomaly of the gallbladder?_____
Answer: Phrygian cap
Flashcard 102: Type _____ esophageal rings are muscular rings located at the junction between tubular and vestibular esophagus
Answer: A
Flashcard 103: Most common site of occurrence of fibrous dysplasia is _____
Answer: maxillary sinus
Flashcard 104: _____ cell (sphenoethmoidal cell) is a posterior ethmoidal cell extending into sphenoid sinus
Answer: Onodi
Flashcard 105: Absent anti-helix is referred to as _____
Answer: Bat ear
Flashcard 106: _____ law is applicable in the case of duplicated collecting system.
Answer: Weigert-Meyer
Flashcard 107: In a retroverted uterus, lowest part of cervix that is palpable is external os or _____ lip
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 108: Anomalies associated with biliary atresia include:_____Situs inversusAbsent vena cava_____ portal vein
Answer: Polysplenia; Preduodenal
Flashcard 109: Coloboma of the eyelid usually involves the _____ lid and the _____ side
Answer: upper; nasal
Keywords: Anatomical Variations and Anomalies flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Principles of Anatomical Variations
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Variations in Vascular Anatomy
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Variations in Musculoskeletal System
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Variations in Nervous System
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Variations in Visceral Anatomy
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Clinically Significant Anatomical Variations
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Congenital Malformations
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Genetic Basis of Anatomical Variations
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Surgical Implications of Variations
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Imaging Aspects of Anatomical Variations
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