Abdominal and Pelvic Radiology — MCQs

Q: Which of the following is characterized by a "cobra head deformity"?

Ureterocele. ***Ureterocele*** - A "cobra head deformity" is a classic radiographic sign seen on an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) or ultrasound, referring to the characteristic appearance of a **ureterocele** within the bladder. - This appearance is due to the dilated, cystic end of the ureter that protrudes into the bladder lumen, surrounded by a thin, radiolucent halo created by the ureteral wall and urine. *Cystitis* - **Cystitis** is inflammation of the bladder and does not typically result in a "cobra head deformity" on imaging. - Inflammatory changes may lead to wall thickening or irregular contour but not to this specific type of filling defect. *Bladder tumour* - A **bladder tumour** can present as a filling defect within the bladder, but its appearance is usually irregular or polypoid, not resembling a "cobra head." - Tumours can vary widely in shape and size, and typically show enhancement on contrast imaging. *Posterior urethral valve* - **Posterior urethral valve** is a congenital obstructive lesion in the male urethra, primarily affecting urine outflow from the bladder. - It leads to bladder wall hypertrophy and reflux, but does not cause a "cobra head deformity" in the bladder.

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