UPSC-CMS 2025 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Contralateral Homonymous upper quadrantanopia is the type of visual loss seen when the lesion is located at which one of the following anatomical locations?

Temporal lobe. ***Temporal lobe*** - Lesions in the **temporal lobe** disrupt the **Meyer's loop**, which carries contralateral inferior retinal (superior visual field) fibers. - This specific disruption leads to a **contralateral homonymous upper quadrantanopia**, affecting the upper visual field on the side opposite the lesion [1]. *Parietal lobe* - Lesions in the **parietal lobe** typically cause a **contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantanopia**. - This is because the parietal optic radiations carry fibers from the contralateral superior retina (inferior visual field) [1]. *Frontal lobe* - The **frontal lobe** is primarily involved in **eye movements** and **saccades**, not direct processing of visual fields. - Lesions here might cause gaze preferences or motor deficits, but generally not specific quadrantanopias. *Occipital lobe* - Lesions in the **occipital lobe**, especially the visual cortex, result in **contralateral homonymous hemianopia** with **macular sparing** [1]. - A quadrantanopia from an occipital lesion would typically be inferior, and a complete hemianopia is more common. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The glymphatic system is the lymphatic-like structure of which system?

Central Nervous System. ***Central Nervous System*** - The **glymphatic system** is a specialized waste clearance pathway unique to the **central nervous system (CNS)**. - It facilitates the removal of metabolic waste products, including **amyloid-beta**, from the brain, playing a crucial role in CNS health. *Gastro-intestinal* - The gastrointestinal system has its own extensive lymphatic network, including **Peyer's patches** and **mesenteric lymph nodes**, for immune surveillance and lipid absorption. - These structures differ significantly in function and anatomy from the brain's glymphatic system. *Respiratory* - The respiratory system is equipped with **bronchial lymphatics** and **pulmonary lymph nodes** that drain fluid and immune cells from the lungs. - This system is involved in immune responses and fluid balance in the lungs, not directly related to brain waste clearance. *Renal* - The renal system has lymphatic drainage associated with the kidneys, which helps in the return of interstitial fluid and immune cells [1]. - This system is distinct from the glymphatic system and primarily involved in kidney function and fluid balance [1]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which one of the following is the myelinating cell of Central Nervous System?

Oligodendrocyte. ***Oligodendrocyte*** - **Oligodendrocytes** are the primary cells responsible for producing and maintaining the **myelin sheath** around axons in the **Central Nervous System (CNS)** [2], [3]. - Each oligodendrocyte can myelinate multiple axons or multiple segments of the same axon [3]. *Astrocyte* - **Astrocytes** are star-shaped glial cells that provide structural and metabolic support to neurons in the CNS [1]. - They are involved in forming the **blood-brain barrier** and regulating the chemical environment around neurons, but they do not produce myelin. *Microglia* - **Microglia** are the resident **immune cells** of the CNS, functioning as macrophages [1]. - They are primarily involved in immune surveillance, phagocytosis of cellular debris and pathogens, and inflammatory responses, not myelination [1]. *Schwann cell* - **Schwann cells** are the myelinating cells of the **Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)** [2], [3]. - Unlike oligodendrocytes, each Schwann cell typically myelinates only a single axon segment [3]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following are congenital abnormalities of the gall bladder? I. The phrygian cap II. Floating gall bladder III. Absence of gall bladder IV. Spigelian gall bladder Select the correct answer using the code given below :

I, II and III. **I, II and III** - **Phrygian cap**, **floating gallbladder**, and **absence of gallbladder** are all recognized congenital anomalies of the gallbladder. [1] - These conditions arise from variations in gallbladder development during the **embryonic period**. *I, II and IV* - This option incorrectly includes **Spigelian gallbladder** (IV) as a congenital anomaly, while excluding **absence of gallbladder** (III). - The Spigelian lobe is a part of the liver, and **Spigelian hernia** is a distinct condition, not a congenital anomaly of the gallbladder itself. *II, III and IV* - This option incorrectly includes **Spigelian gallbladder** (IV) as a congenital anomaly and excludes the **Phrygian cap** (I), which is a common and benign congenital variation. - The Phrygian cap represents a folding of the gallbladder fundus and is universally recognized as congenital. *I, III and IV* - This option incorrectly includes **Spigelian gallbladder** (IV) as a congenital anomaly and excludes the **floating gallbladder** (II). - A floating gallbladder, due to a long mesentery, is a known congenital anatomical variation that can predispose to torsion. [1] [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Contralateral Homonymous upper quadrantanopia is the type of visual loss seen when the lesion is located at which one of the following anatomical locations?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 2

The glymphatic system is the lymphatic-like structure of which system?

Accepted Answer

Central Nervous System

Answer

Gastrointestinal

Answer

Respiratory

Answer

Renal

Question 3

Which one of the following is the myelinating cell of Central Nervous System?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Schwann cell

Question 4

Which of the following are congenital abnormalities of the gall bladder?
I. The phrygian cap
II. Floating gall bladder
III. Absence of gall bladder
IV. Spigelian gall bladder

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

I, II and III

Answer

I, II and IV

Answer

II, III and IV

Answer

I, III and IV

Question 5

Which one of the following best describes craniosynostosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, preventing growth perpendicular to the suture.

Answer

It is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, facilitating growth perpendicular to the suture.

Answer

It is delayed fusion of one or more cranial sutures facilitating growth perpendicular to the suture.

Answer

It is delayed fusion of one or more cranial sutures preventing growth perpendicular to the suture.

Question 6

Opening of Bartholin's duct is in the :

Accepted Answer

vestibule outside the hymen at the junction of the anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd in the groove between the hymen and labium minus

Answer

periurethral region in anterior 1/3rd of labia minora

Answer

superficial perineal pouch at the junction of anterior 1/3rd and posterior 1/3rd

Answer

groove between labia majora and labia minora

Question 7

Gland of Cloquet is :

Accepted Answer

lymphatic drainage of vulva

Answer

lymphatic drainage of cervix

Answer

lymphatic drainage of uterus

Answer

lubricating glands of vagina

UPSC-CMS 2025 — Anatomy