UPSC-CMS 2022 Practice Questions

Q: Of the following amino acids required by the human body, which one falls under the category of 'essential' amino acid?

Threonine. ***Threonine*** - **Threonine** is one of the nine **essential amino acids** that the human body cannot synthesize on its own. - It must be obtained through the **diet** to support protein synthesis and other vital bodily functions. *Arginine* - **Arginine** is generally considered a **conditionally essential** or **semi-essential amino acid**. - While the body can synthesize it, requirements may increase during periods of rapid growth, illness, or stress, making dietary intake important in those situations. *Proline* - **Proline** is a **non-essential amino acid**, meaning the human body can synthesize it from other precursors. - It plays a crucial role in the structure of **collagen** and connective tissue. *Serine* - **Serine** is also a **non-essential amino acid** that can be synthesized by the human body. - It is involved in the metabolism of fats, fatty acids, and the synthesis of various other biomolecules.

Q: Consider the following measures for making unlined katcha wells sanitary: 1. Deepening the bottom 2. Filling the well with clay up to the water level and with coarse sand above that level 3. Installing a hand pump with screen 4. Constructing a platform and drainage once the material used for filling is completely consolidated Which of the above measures are effective in making unlined katcha wells sanitary?

1, 2, 3 and 4. ***1, 2, 3 and 4*** - All four measures are crucial for improving the **sanitary conditions** of unlined 'katcha' wells and preventing contamination. - These steps collectively address issues like surface water intrusion, subsurface filtration, and safe water extraction. *2 and 3 only* - This option is incomplete as it misses other vital steps like **deepening the bottom** to access cleaner water strata and **constructing a proper platform and drainage** to prevent surface contamination. - Focusing solely on filling and pump installation is insufficient for comprehensive well sanitation. *1 and 2 only* - This option overlooks the importance of installing a **hand pump with a screen** for hygienic water extraction and constructing a **platform with drainage** to prevent surface water runoff into the well. - Simply deepening and filling does not guarantee safe water delivery or protect against surface pollutants. *1, 3 and 4 only* - This option omits the critical step of **filling the well with clay and coarse sand**, which acts as a natural filter to remove impurities from the water as it seeps into the well. - Without proper filtration, deepening and surface protection alone may not ensure safe water quality.

Q: As per the definition of the World Health Organization, 'late maternal death' is defined as the death of a woman from direct or indirect obstetric causes, after more than X days but less than one year after termination of pregnancy. Which one among the following is the correct value of X?

42. ***Correct: 42*** - According to the **World Health Organization (WHO)**, **late maternal death** is defined as the death of a woman from direct or indirect obstetric causes occurring **more than 42 days** but less than one year after termination of pregnancy. - This definition helps in categorizing and understanding the timeframe and causes of maternal mortality beyond the immediate postpartum period. - The **42-day threshold** distinguishes between direct maternal deaths (within 42 days) and late maternal deaths (42 days to 1 year). *Incorrect: 21* - This value is not used in the WHO definition for the onset of late maternal death. - The **42-day mark** is the internationally recognized threshold for distinguishing between the immediate postpartum period and late maternal complications. *Incorrect: 7* - Seven days is too short a period for a death to be classified as **"late maternal death"**; deaths within this timeframe fall under **direct maternal deaths** in the immediate postpartum period. - This period is often associated with immediate postpartum complications such as **postpartum hemorrhage**, **eclampsia**, or **early-onset puerperal sepsis**. *Incorrect: 84* - While 84 days (12 weeks) is a significant period in postpartum recovery for some physiological changes, it is not the specific threshold used by the **WHO** to define the beginning of **late maternal death**. - The international standard remains **42 days** (6 weeks) as the transition point between direct and late maternal deaths.

Q: The following table shows some of the pneumoconioses diseases along with the most implicated causative chemical agents. Which among the following represent the correct combinations of diseases and causative chemical agents? Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2. ***Correct: 1 and 2*** - **Statement 1 (Anthracosis - Coal dust)** is correct. Anthracosis, also known as **coal worker's pneumoconiosis**, is caused by chronic inhalation of coal dust particles [1]. - **Statement 2 (Byssinosis - Cotton dust)** is correct. Byssinosis is an occupational lung disease affecting **textile workers** exposed to cotton, flax, or hemp dust, causing airway obstruction. *Incorrect: 2 and 4* - Statement 4 is incorrect. **Siderosis** is caused by inhalation of **iron dust** (common in welders and miners), not asbestos [1]. Asbestos exposure causes **asbestosis** [1]. *Incorrect: 2 and 3* - Statement 3 is incorrect. **Bagassosis** is caused by inhalation of **sugarcane bagasse dust** (a hypersensitivity pneumonitis), not silica dust [1]. Silica causes **silicosis** [1]. *Incorrect: 1 and 3* - While statement 1 is correct (Anthracosis - Coal dust), statement 3 is incorrect as explained above (Bagassosis is caused by sugarcane bagasse dust, not silica dust) [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Lung, p. 695.

Q: In a newborn, the Apgar score has been recorded at 1 minute of birth. Which one of the following best reflects the Apgar score of this newborn infant on a scale of 0 to 10?

3. ***3*** - The Apgar score is calculated based on five criteria: **Appearance**, **Pulse**, **Grimace**, **Activity**, and **Respiration** (APGAR). Each criterion is scored 0, 1, or 2. - Based on the given findings: - **Heart rate (Pulse)**: 92/min scores **1** (below 100/min). - **Respiratory effort (Respiration)**: Slow, irregular scores **1**. - **Muscle tone (Activity)**: Flaccid scores **0**. - **Reflex response (Grimace)**: No response scores **0**. - **Colour (Appearance)**: Body pink, extremities blue (acrocyanosis) scores **1**. - Summing these scores (1 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 1) gives a total Apgar score of **3**. *2* - This score would mean that the newborn has a **more severe depression** in vital signs compared to the actual findings. - A score of 2 would require at least one of the 1-point criteria to be a 0-point criterion or combination of a 0-point criterion become 1. *0* - An Apgar score of 0 would indicate that the infant has **no vital signs** (no heart rate, no respiratory effort, no muscle tone, no reflex response, and completely blue/pale). - This is not consistent with a heart rate of 92/min, slow/irregular respirations, and body pink color. *5* - An Apgar score of 5 would imply a **much healthier** newborn with better scores in most categories. - This would require findings such as a heart rate over 100 bpm, good crying, some flexion of extremities, or an all-pink appearance, which are not present here.

Question 1

Of the following amino acids required by the human body, which one falls under the category of 'essential' amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Threonine

Answer

Arginine

Answer

Proline

Answer

Serine

Question 2

Regarding maternal health programs in Community Medicine, which of the following statements about public-private partnership schemes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It is a voluntary scheme wherein any obstetrician, maternity home, nursing home, MBBS doctor can provide safe motherhood services

Answer

The enrolled doctors must provide iron and folic acid tablets out of their pocket free to the beneficiaries

Answer

The TT injections are provided by the District Medical Officers to the enrolled doctors for free administration to the beneficiaries

Answer

To join the Vandemataram Scheme, the facility must have resources for caesarean section

Question 3

Consider the following measures for making unlined katcha wells sanitary:

1. Deepening the bottom
2. Filling the well with clay up to the water level and with coarse sand above that level
3. Installing a hand pump with screen
4. Constructing a platform and drainage once the material used for filling is completely consolidated

Which of the above measures are effective in making unlined katcha wells sanitary?

Accepted Answer

1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

1, 3 and 4 only

Question 4

In which way is 'membrane filtration technique' better than 'multiple tube method' for determining the presence of coliform organisms in water?

Accepted Answer

Membrane filtration technique is much quicker and results can be obtained within 20 hours, while multiple tube method is much longer.

Answer

Membrane filtration technique is more universally available, and hence, easily doable.

Answer

Membrane filtration technique can only be carried out by trained hands.

Answer

Membrane filtration technique is far cheaper than multiple tube method.

Question 5

Consider the following statements with reference to the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India, 2016–2030. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The goal is to eliminate indigenous cases throughout the country by 2030.
2. By 2022, transmission of malaria is to be interrupted and indigenous cases brought to zero in all 26 States/UTs that were under Categories 1 and 2 in 2014.
3. By 2026, incidence of malaria is to be reduced to less than 1 case per 1000 population in all States and UTs, and their districts.
4. By 2030, indigenous transmission of malaria is to be interrupted in all States and UTs of India.

Accepted Answer

The goal is to eliminate indigenous cases throughout the country by 2030.

Answer

By 2026, incidence of malaria is to be reduced to less than 1 case per 1000 population in all States and UTs, and their districts.

Answer

By 2022, transmission of malaria is to be interrupted and indigenous cases brought to zero in all 26 States/UTs that were under Categories 1 and 2 in 2014.

Answer

By 2030, indigenous transmission of malaria is to be interrupted in all States and UTs of India.

Question 6

With reference to determinants of 'neonatal mortality', consider the following statements:

1. Neonatal mortality is directly related to the birth weight of the newborn.
2. Neonatal mortality is directly related to the gestational age at which the birth takes place.
3. Neonatal mortality is closely related to the educational status of the mother.
4. Neonatal mortality is low if the mother's age is between 15–16 years.

Accepted Answer

3. Neonatal mortality is closely related to the educational status of the mother.

Answer

2. Neonatal mortality is directly related to the gestational age at which the birth takes place.

Answer

1. Neonatal mortality is directly related to the birth weight of the newborn.

Answer

4. Neonatal mortality is low if the mother's age is between 15–16 years.

Question 7

As per the definition of the World Health Organization, 'late maternal death' is defined as the death of a woman from direct or indirect obstetric causes, after more than X days but less than one year after termination of pregnancy. Which one among the following is the correct value of X?

Accepted Answer

42

Answer

21

Answer

7

Answer

84

Question 8

The following table shows some of the pneumoconioses diseases along with the most implicated causative chemical agents. Which among the following represent the correct combinations of diseases and causative chemical agents?

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

1 and 2

Answer

2 and 4

Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1 and 3

Question 9

The following table shows the 'Total Fertility Rate (TFR)' by the Wealth Index, as per the National Family Health Survey, (NFHS–4) findings. Which among the following is/are correct about the information?

Accepted Answer

4. Each of the higher divisions of the Wealth Index had lower TFR than the previous (or lower) division.

Answer

2. The information given in the table can be presented as a pie chart.

Answer

1. The divisions of Wealth Index in the NFHS–4 can be called 'quartiles'.

Answer

3. The Wealth Index was calculated in NFHS–4 by asking about the per capita income.

Question 10

In a newborn, the Apgar score has been recorded at 1 minute of birth. Which one of the following best reflects the Apgar score of this newborn infant on a scale of 0 to 10?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

2

Answer

0

Answer

5

UPSC-CMS 2022

Biochemistry

Community Medicine

Pediatrics