UPSC-CMS 2017 - Pediatrics PYQs Practice Questions

Q: The appropriate treatment for the baby of a woman who is HBsAg positive but HBeAg negative is

Both active and passive immunisation soon after birth. **Both active and passive immunisation soon after birth** - **Active immunization** (Hepatitis B vaccine) provides long-term immunity by stimulating the infant's immune system to produce antibodies. - **Passive immunization** (Hepatitis B immune globulin, HBIG) provides immediate, short-term protection through pre-formed antibodies, crucial for preventing infection in the critical perinatal period. *Passive immunisation soon after birth but active immunisation after one year of age* - Delaying active immunization until after one year of age would leave a significant window during which the infant is vulnerable to **Hepatitis B infection** from the mother, as passive immunity is only temporary. - The combination of immediate active and passive immunisation is far more effective at preventing **perinatal transmission**. *Only active immunisation soon after birth* - Active immunization alone may not provide immediate enough protection through antibody development, leaving the infant susceptible to **Hepatitis B infection** during their first few weeks of life when exposure risk is highest. - The onset of protective immunity from the vaccine can take several weeks, which is insufficient for immediate protection against perinatal exposure. *Only passive immunisation soon after birth* - While passive immunisation provides immediate protection, it is only temporary and does not confer long-term immunity against **Hepatitis B**. - Without active immunisation, the infant would eventually lose the passively acquired antibodies and remain vulnerable to future **Hepatitis B exposures**. [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following criteria are used for detecting a child with severe acute malnutrition according to WHO guidelines? 1. Bilateral pitting oedema 2. Weight for height Z-score less than minus three SD 3. Mid upper arm circumference of less than 11.5 cm (115 mm) Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - According to **WHO guidelines**, Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 6-59 months is diagnosed by the presence of **ANY ONE** of these three criteria: - **Bilateral pitting oedema** (nutritional edema) - indicates kwashiorkor - **Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) < -3 SD** - indicates severe wasting - **Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) < 11.5 cm (115 mm)** - indicates severe wasting - All three are **independent diagnostic criteria** for SAM, meaning any single criterion is sufficient for diagnosis - These criteria are used in **community screening**, **facility-based assessment**, and **nutritional rehabilitation programs** *1 and 2 only* - This incorrectly excludes **MUAC < 11.5 cm**, which is a valid and widely used WHO criterion for SAM diagnosis - MUAC is particularly useful for **community-based screening** as it's simple and doesn't require complex equipment *2 and 3 only* - This incorrectly excludes **bilateral pitting oedema**, which is a critical criterion for diagnosing **kwashiorkor** (edematous malnutrition) - Oedema can occur even when weight-for-height appears normal due to fluid retention masking tissue wasting *1 and 3 only* - This incorrectly excludes **weight-for-height Z-score < -3 SD**, which is the **gold standard anthropometric measure** for severe wasting - WHZ is essential for facility-based diagnosis and monitoring treatment response [Practice more Pediatrics PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

The appropriate treatment for the baby of a woman who is HBsAg positive but HBeAg negative is

Accepted Answer

Both active and passive immunisation soon after birth

Answer

Passive immunisation soon after birth but active immunisation after one year of age

Answer

Only active immunisation soon after birth

Answer

Only passive immunisation soon after birth

Question 2

Which of the following criteria are used for detecting a child with severe acute malnutrition according to WHO guidelines?

1. Bilateral pitting oedema
2. Weight for height Z-score less than minus three SD
3. Mid upper arm circumference of less than 11.5 cm (115 mm)

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

2 and 3 only

UPSC-CMS 2017 — Pediatrics