UPSC-CMS 2009 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: In a patient of carcinoma tongue, the infiltration of which muscle causes ankyloglossia ?

Genioglossus muscle. ***Genioglossus muscle*** - Infiltration of the **genioglossus muscle** by carcinoma of the tongue restricts tongue protrusion and movement, functionally mimicking **ankyloglossia** [1]. - The genioglossus is the **primary protrusor** of the tongue, originating from the mental spine of the mandible and inserting into the entire length of the tongue. - When infiltrated by tumor, it causes **inability to protrude the tongue** beyond the lower incisor teeth and deviation toward the affected side [1]. - Though true ankyloglossia is a congenital condition involving the lingual frenulum, this term is used clinically to describe **acquired restriction of tongue mobility**. *Palatoglossus muscle* - The palatoglossus muscle primarily **elevates the posterior tongue** and assists in closing the oropharyngeal isthmus. - Its infiltration would affect **swallowing and palatine arch function** rather than tongue protrusion. - Not the primary cause of restricted tongue protrusion seen in this clinical scenario. *Styloglossus muscle* - The styloglossus muscle **retracts and elevates the sides of the tongue**. - Its involvement would impair retraction and lateral movements but would **not restrict protrusion**, which is the hallmark of ankyloglossia. *Mylohyoid muscle* - The mylohyoid forms the **muscular floor of the mouth** and elevates the hyoid bone and tongue during swallowing. - It is not an intrinsic tongue muscle; infiltration would cause **floor of mouth issues** and dysphagia rather than specific restriction of tongue protrusion. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: To which lymph nodes, the lymph from the umbilicus drain?

Axillary and inguinal. ***Axillary and inguinal*** - Lymph above the **transumbilical plane** drains to the **axillary lymph nodes** [1]. - Lymph below the **transumbilical plane** drains to the **superficial inguinal lymph nodes** [1]. *External and internal iliac* - These nodes primarily drain structures within the **pelvis**, such as the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs. - They are not the direct primary drainage site for the umbilical region. *Inter aortocaval* - **Inter aortocaval lymph nodes** are located between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. - They primarily receive lymph from structures such as the **kidneys** and **testes/ovaries**, not the umbilicus. *Pre and para-aortic* - **Pre-aortic lymph nodes** drain organs supplied by unpaired visceral branches of the aorta, like the gastrointestinal tract. - **Para-aortic lymph nodes** drain organs like the kidneys, adrenal glands, and gonads, not directly the umbilical region. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The commonly seen depression deformity of the chest wall is known as

Pectus excavatum. ***Pectus excavatum*** - This is a common congenital chest wall deformity characterized by an **inward depression of the sternum** and costal cartilages, creating a caved-in appearance of the chest. - It is often referred to as "funnel chest" due to the characteristic depression. *Kyphosis* - **Kyphosis** is an exaggerated, forward rounding of the back, often described as a hunchback. - It refers to a spinal curvature, not a depression of the chest wall itself. *Pectus carinatum* - **Pectus carinatum** is a chest wall deformity where the sternum protrudes outward, often referred to as "pigeon chest." - This is the opposite of a depression and involves a prominent, rather than sunken, chest. *Manubriosternal junction* - This term refers to the **normal anatomical landmark** where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum, also known as the sternal angle or angle of Louis. - It is not a deformity but a standard anatomical feature of the sternum. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

In a patient of carcinoma tongue, the infiltration of which muscle causes ankyloglossia ?

Accepted Answer

Genioglossus muscle

Answer

Palatoglossus muscle

Answer

Styloglossus muscle

Answer

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 2

To which lymph nodes, the lymph from the umbilicus drain?

Accepted Answer

Axillary and inguinal

Answer

External and internal iliac

Answer

Inter aortocaval

Answer

Pre and para-aortic

Question 3

The commonly seen depression deformity of the chest wall is known as

Accepted Answer

Pectus excavatum

Answer

Kyphosis

Answer

Pectus carinatum

Answer

Manubriosternal junction

UPSC-CMS 2009 — Anatomy