NEET-PG 2025 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: During hyperextension, the long head of triceps gets detached from which site?

Infraglenoid tubercle. ***Infraglenoid tubercle*** - The **long head of the triceps brachii** muscle originates from the **infraglenoid tubercle** of the scapula. - Violent or sudden hyperextension of the shoulder places maximum tensile stress on this specific origin site, predisposing it to avulsion or detachment. *Supraglenoid tubercle* - This tubercle is the origin point for the **long head of the biceps brachii** muscle, which is not the muscle relevant to this injury scenario. - Injuries involving the supraglenoid tubercle are classically associated with **SLAP lesions** and glenohumeral instability. *Shaft of humerus* - The **medial and lateral heads** of the triceps originate along the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus. - These muscular origins are less prone to acute avulsion during hyperextension compared to the tendinous long head origin on the scapula. *Olecranon process* - The olecranon process of the ulna is the **insertion** point for all three heads of the triceps, not the origin. - Detachment at this site typically occurs due to direct impact or strong eccentric contraction during forced elbow flexion, often resulting in an **olecranon fracture**.

Q: During a clinical examination, a senior resident asks an intern to examine the umbilical cord. How many arteries and veins are normally present in a healthy umbilical cord?

1 vein and 2 arteries. ***1 vein and 2 arteries*** - The normal configuration of a healthy umbilical cord is three vessels: **two umbilical arteries** and **one umbilical vein**. - The **umbilical vein** transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus, whereas the **two umbilical arteries** carry deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste from the fetus back to the placenta. *1 artery and 2 veins* - This configuration is incorrect; normally, the right umbilical vein **atrophies** early in gestation, leaving only a single left umbilical vein. - A cord with two veins suggests a **developmental anomaly** and is not the standard finding. *1 artery and 1 vein* - This pattern is an anomaly known as a **Single Umbilical Artery (SUA)**, which is found in 0.5% to 1% of pregnancies. - SUA is clinically significant as it is associated with an increased risk of **congenital anomalies**, especially renal, cardiac, and chromosomal defects. *2 arteries and 2 veins* - This is an abnormal configuration; while two arteries are standard, the presence of two veins instead of one is due to the failure of the **right umbilical vein** to involute, which is typically a normal event. - The persistence of two veins is highly **atypical** and often requires specialized fetal surveillance.

Question 1

During hyperextension, the long head of triceps gets detached from which site?

Accepted Answer

Infraglenoid tubercle

Answer

Supraglenoid tubercle

Answer

Shaft of humerus

Answer

Olecranon process

Question 2

During a clinical examination, a senior resident asks an intern to examine the umbilical cord. How many arteries and veins are normally present in a healthy umbilical cord?

Accepted Answer

1 vein and 2 arteries

Answer

1 artery and 1 vein

Answer

2 arteries and 2 veins

Answer

1 artery and 2 veins

NEET-PG 2025 — Anatomy