NEET-PG 2017 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What is the name of the marked blood vessel shown in brain circulation?

Posterior communicating artery. ***Posterior communicating artery*** - The arrow points to a vessel connecting the **anterior circulation** (internal carotid artery system) with the **posterior circulation** (vertebrobasilar system) within the **Circle of Willis**. - This specific location and function are characteristic of the **posterior communicating artery**, which typically arises from the internal carotid and joins the posterior cerebral artery. *Middle cerebral artery* - The middle cerebral artery is a large artery that branches off the **internal carotid artery** and typically extends laterally and superiorly to supply a large part of the **cerebral hemispheres**. - It would appear more prominent and more laterally positioned, not forming a direct "communicating" link in the central Circle of Willis as shown. *Internal carotid artery* - The internal carotid artery ascends from the neck into the skull and bifurcates into the **anterior and middle cerebral arteries**. - While visible in the image, the arrow is pointing to a smaller anastomotic branch, not the main trunk of the internal carotid artery. *Anterior communicating artery* - The **anterior communicating artery** connects the two **anterior cerebral arteries** at the anterior aspect of the Circle of Willis. - This is a distinct location from that indicated by the arrow, which shows a vessel connecting anterior to posterior circulation, not linking the two anterior cerebral arteries. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the name of the marked blood vessel in the Circle of Willis?

Posterior communicating artery. ***Posterior communicating artery*** - The image displays the Circle of Willis, and the vessel marked with 'X' is connecting the **internal carotid artery** (which branches into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries) to the **posterior cerebral artery**. - This connecting artery is the **posterior communicating artery**, an essential component of the Circle of Willis, ensuring collateral blood flow to the brain. *Middle cerebral artery* - The **middle cerebral artery** branches off the internal carotid artery and typically extends laterally into the Sylvian fissure, supplying a large part of the lateral cerebral cortex. - The marked vessel is clearly connecting proximal arteries within the Circle of Willis, not extending into the cerebral cortex peripherally. *Internal carotid artery* - The **internal carotid artery** enters the skull and gives rise to several branches, including the middle cerebral artery and the posterior communicating artery. - While it's part of the supply to the Circle of Willis, the 'X' points specifically to the **communicating segment** connecting the anterior and posterior circulations, not the main trunk of the internal carotid. *Posterior cerebral artery* - The **posterior cerebral artery** is formed by the bifurcation of the basilar artery and supplies the occipital lobe and parts of the temporal lobe. - The marked vessel is connecting to the posterior cerebral artery, but it is not the posterior cerebral artery itself; rather, it is the vessel **communicating** with it from the anterior circulation. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: All of the following layers are pierced by the needle shown below except:

Ligamentum denticulatum. ***Ligamentum denticulatum*** - The **ligamentum denticulatum** is an internal structure of the spinal cord (specifically, pia mater extensions) and is not pierced during an LP, which targets the subarachnoid space. - It functions to suspend the spinal cord within the dura mater and is not in the pathway of the needle during a lumbar puncture. *Supraspinous ligament* - This ligament is the **first major ligament** encountered posterior to the spinous processes in the midline and must be pierced by the needle during a lumbar puncture. - It runs along the tips of the spinous processes. *Inter-spinous ligament* - Located between the spinous processes, this ligament is encountered **after the supraspinous ligament** and must be pierced during a lumbar puncture to reach deeper structures. - It connects adjacent spinous processes. *Ligamentum flavum* - This ligament is rich in elastic fibers and is pierced **before entering the epidural space** on the way to the subarachnoid space. - Its piercing is often felt as a distinct "pop" or "give" by the clinician performing the lumbar puncture. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: All investigations are useful in work up of this condition except:

Invertogram at 24 hours. ***Urine for meconium particles*** - **Urine for meconium particles** is actually a valuable and standard investigation in **anorectal malformations** to detect **rectourinary fistulas**. - The presence of meconium in urine indicates a **communication between the rectum and urinary tract**, which is crucial information for surgical planning and management. *Invertogram at 24 hours* - An **invertogram** is a plain X-ray taken with the infant inverted for 3-5 minutes, allowing gas in the rectum to rise to the highest point. - This helps determine the **level of rectal pouch termination** relative to the **pubococcygeal line**, which is essential for distinguishing between high and low anorectal malformations. *Ultrasound* - **Perineal ultrasound** can assess the **perineal body thickness**, presence of a **rectal pouch**, and help visualize **fistulous connections**. - It is particularly useful in **real-time assessment** of the anatomy and can identify associated **genitourinary anomalies** commonly seen with anorectal malformations. *Lateral pelvic radiography* - A **lateral pelvic radiograph** provides information about the **sacral anatomy** and helps assess the **level of anorectal malformation**. - It is crucial for identifying associated **sacral anomalies** (sacral dysgenesis, hemisacrum) which occur in up to 60% of patients with anorectal malformations and affect surgical outcomes. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A 2-day-old neonate under phototherapy unit. For exchange transfusion serum bilirubin-albumin ratio should be: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

$>3.5$. ***$>3.5$*** - A **serum bilirubin-albumin ratio greater than 3.5** is a common guideline indicating the need for exchange transfusion in neonates, especially those at high risk or with rapidly rising bilirubin levels. - This ratio helps assess the risk of **bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity (kernicterus)**, as unbound (free) bilirubin can cross the blood-brain barrier [1]. *$ 35$* - A serum bilirubin-albumin ratio of **greater than 35** would represent an extremely high and clinically improbable value. - Clinically, the bilirubin-albumin ratio is typically used with values in the single digits, making a value of 35 or higher incongruent with standard medical guidelines. *$<35$* - While technically true that $<35$ would include the correct threshold, it is not sufficiently specific to denote the critical value for exchange transfusion. - This range is too broad and does not pinpoint the specific bilirubin-albumin ratio that prompts intervention. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the name of the marked blood vessel shown in brain circulation?

Accepted Answer

Posterior communicating artery

Answer

Middle cerebral artery

Answer

Internal carotid artery

Answer

Anterior communicating artery

Question 2

What is the name of the marked blood vessel in the Circle of Willis?

Accepted Answer

Posterior communicating artery

Answer

Middle cerebral artery

Answer

Internal carotid artery

Answer

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 3

All of the following layers are pierced by the needle shown below except:

Accepted Answer

Ligamentum denticulatum

Answer

Supraspinous ligament

Answer

Inter-spinous ligament

Answer

Ligamentum flavum

Question 4

All investigations are useful in work up of this condition except:

Accepted Answer

Invertogram at 24 hours

Answer

Urine for meconium particles

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Lateral pelvic radiography

Question 5

A 2-day-old neonate under phototherapy unit. For exchange transfusion serum bilirubin-albumin ratio should be: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

$>3.5$

Answer

$<3.5$

Answer

$>35$

Answer

$<35$

Question 6

What is correct about the composition of fluid in the area marked as $X$ ?

Accepted Answer

Na = 3 mEq/L, K = 150 mEq/L, Chloride = 125 mEq/L

Answer

Na = 150 mEq/L, K = 3 mEq/L, Chloride = 125 mEq/L

Answer

Na = 50 mEq/L, K = 30 mEq/L, Chloride = 125 mEq/L

Answer

Na = 150 mEq/L, K = 30 mEq/L, Chloride = 125 mEq/L

Question 7

All are correct about the part marked as $X$ and $Y$ except:

Accepted Answer

$X$ is utricle and has anterior upward slope of 30 degrees

Answer

$Y$ is ductus reuniens

Answer

$Y$ connects utricle to cochlear duct

Answer

$X$ is utricle and receives 5 openings of three semicircular canals

Question 8

All are true about the terminal area marked 'X' in this bacteria except:

Accepted Answer

Strongly eosinophilic

Answer

Volutin granules

Answer

Function as storage reservoir for phosphate

Answer

Also found in Yersinia pestis

Question 9

Which of the following is correct about the image shown?

Accepted Answer

A = Monotrichous, B = Lophotrichous, C = Amphitrichous, D = Peritrichous

Answer

A = Lophotrichous, B = Monotrichous, C = Amphitrichous, D = Peritrichous

Answer

A = Monotrichous, B = Lophotrichous, C = Peritrichous, D = Amphitrichous

Answer

A = Peritrichous, B = Lophotrichous, C = Amphitrichous, D = Monotrichous

Question 10

Which of the following bacteria will have following appearance?

Accepted Answer

Alcaligenes faecalis

Answer

Vibrio cholerae

Answer

Spirilla

Answer

Salmonella typhi

NEET-PG 2017 — Anatomy