NEET-PG 2017 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What is the name of the marked blood vessel shown in brain circulation?

Posterior communicating artery. ***Posterior communicating artery*** - The arrow points to a vessel connecting the **anterior circulation** (internal carotid artery system) with the **posterior circulation** (vertebrobasilar system) within the **Circle of Willis**. - This specific location and function are characteristic of the **posterior communicating artery**, which typically arises from the internal carotid and joins the posterior cerebral artery. *Middle cerebral artery* - The middle cerebral artery is a large artery that branches off the **internal carotid artery** and typically extends laterally and superiorly to supply a large part of the **cerebral hemispheres**. - It would appear more prominent and more laterally positioned, not forming a direct "communicating" link in the central Circle of Willis as shown. *Internal carotid artery* - The internal carotid artery ascends from the neck into the skull and bifurcates into the **anterior and middle cerebral arteries**. - While visible in the image, the arrow is pointing to a smaller anastomotic branch, not the main trunk of the internal carotid artery. *Anterior communicating artery* - The **anterior communicating artery** connects the two **anterior cerebral arteries** at the anterior aspect of the Circle of Willis. - This is a distinct location from that indicated by the arrow, which shows a vessel connecting anterior to posterior circulation, not linking the two anterior cerebral arteries. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the name of the marked blood vessel in the Circle of Willis?

Posterior communicating artery. ***Posterior communicating artery*** - The image displays the Circle of Willis, and the vessel marked with 'X' is connecting the **internal carotid artery** (which branches into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries) to the **posterior cerebral artery**. - This connecting artery is the **posterior communicating artery**, an essential component of the Circle of Willis, ensuring collateral blood flow to the brain. *Middle cerebral artery* - The **middle cerebral artery** branches off the internal carotid artery and typically extends laterally into the Sylvian fissure, supplying a large part of the lateral cerebral cortex. - The marked vessel is clearly connecting proximal arteries within the Circle of Willis, not extending into the cerebral cortex peripherally. *Internal carotid artery* - The **internal carotid artery** enters the skull and gives rise to several branches, including the middle cerebral artery and the posterior communicating artery. - While it's part of the supply to the Circle of Willis, the 'X' points specifically to the **communicating segment** connecting the anterior and posterior circulations, not the main trunk of the internal carotid. *Posterior cerebral artery* - The **posterior cerebral artery** is formed by the bifurcation of the basilar artery and supplies the occipital lobe and parts of the temporal lobe. - The marked vessel is connecting to the posterior cerebral artery, but it is not the posterior cerebral artery itself; rather, it is the vessel **communicating** with it from the anterior circulation. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: All of the following layers are pierced by the needle shown below except:

Ligamentum denticulatum. ***Ligamentum denticulatum*** - The **ligamentum denticulatum** is an internal structure of the spinal cord (specifically, pia mater extensions) and is not pierced during an LP, which targets the subarachnoid space. - It functions to suspend the spinal cord within the dura mater and is not in the pathway of the needle during a lumbar puncture. *Supraspinous ligament* - This ligament is the **first major ligament** encountered posterior to the spinous processes in the midline and must be pierced by the needle during a lumbar puncture. - It runs along the tips of the spinous processes. *Inter-spinous ligament* - Located between the spinous processes, this ligament is encountered **after the supraspinous ligament** and must be pierced during a lumbar puncture to reach deeper structures. - It connects adjacent spinous processes. *Ligamentum flavum* - This ligament is rich in elastic fibers and is pierced **before entering the epidural space** on the way to the subarachnoid space. - Its piercing is often felt as a distinct "pop" or "give" by the clinician performing the lumbar puncture. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The following clinical presentation is seen in injury to which nerve? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Median nerve. ***Median nerve*** - The image illustrates **'ape hand' deformity**, characterized by the inability to oppose the thumb and atrophy of the thenar eminence due to paralysis of the **thenar muscles** (abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis). - These thenar muscles are primarily innervated by the **recurrent branch of the median nerve**. *Ulnar nerve* - Ulnar nerve injury typically causes **'claw hand' deformity** (hyperextension of MCP joints and flexion of IP joints of 4th and 5th digits) due to paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (interossei and medial two lumbricals). - It would also cause prominent atrophy of the **hypothenar eminence** and interosseous muscles. *Median and ulnar nerve* - Combined median and ulnar nerve injury would result in a **more severe and widespread paralysis** affecting nearly all intrinsic hand muscles, leading to a profound loss of hand function. - This would present with features of both **ape hand** and **claw hand**, commonly referred to as a **'simian hand'** if severe. *Radial nerve* - Radial nerve injury typically causes **'wrist drop'** and inability to extend the fingers and thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joints. - It primarily affects the **extensor muscles of the forearm** and does not directly result in thenar atrophy or the inability to oppose the thumb. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Hernia that is depicted in the image usually occurs at:

Lateral border of the rectus abdominis. ***Lateral border of the rectus abdominis*** - The image depicts a **Spigelian hernia**, which is a rare type of ventral hernia that occurs through the **Spigelian aponeurosis**. - This aponeurosis is located at the **semilunar line**, which is the curved tendinous intersection found at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. *Medial border of the rectus abdominis* - Hernias at the medial border of the rectus abdominis are typically **umbilical or epigastric hernias**, which present differently and are not depicted here. - These are located closer to the midline, unlike the more lateral protrusion shown. *Medial border of transverse abdominis* - The transverse abdominis muscle generally lies deeper and its medial border is not a common site for a hernia like the one shown. - Hernias in this region would not typically present as a bulge along the semilunar line. *Lateral border of transverse abdominis* - The lateral border of the transverse abdominis is situated more posteriorly and superiorly, often near the flank or lumbar region. - Hernias in this area are typically **lumbar hernias**, which are distinct from the anterior bulge seen in the image. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the name of the marked blood vessel shown in brain circulation?

Accepted Answer

Posterior communicating artery

Answer

Middle cerebral artery

Answer

Internal carotid artery

Answer

Anterior communicating artery

Question 2

What is the name of the marked blood vessel in the Circle of Willis?

Accepted Answer

Posterior communicating artery

Answer

Middle cerebral artery

Answer

Internal carotid artery

Answer

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 3

All of the following layers are pierced by the needle shown below except:

Accepted Answer

Ligamentum denticulatum

Answer

Supraspinous ligament

Answer

Inter-spinous ligament

Answer

Ligamentum flavum

Question 4

The following clinical presentation is seen in injury to which nerve? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Median and ulnar nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Question 5

Hernia that is depicted in the image usually occurs at:

Accepted Answer

Lateral border of the rectus abdominis

Answer

Medial border of the rectus abdominis

Answer

Medial border of transverse abdominis

Answer

Lateral border of transverse abdominis

Question 6

All are correct about the part marked as $X$ and $Y$ except:

Accepted Answer

$X$ is utricle and has anterior upward slope of 30 degrees

Answer

$Y$ is ductus reuniens

Answer

$Y$ connects utricle to cochlear duct

Answer

$X$ is utricle and receives 5 openings of three semicircular canals

Question 7

The test performed below shows testing of which of the following nerve: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 8

The image shows:

Question 9

All are true about the cartilage shown in the figure except: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Present in intervertebral disks

Answer

Hyaline cartilage with chondrocytes in lacunae

Answer

Ossifies with ageing

Answer

Most abundant cartilage in body

Question 10

Identify the structure:

Accepted Answer

Tonsil

Answer

Lymph node

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Thymus

NEET-PG 2017 — Anatomy