Systemic Anatomy — MCQs
On this page
Which of the following is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?
All of the following are true about the duodenum except?
Which muscle attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum?
Which of the following lymph nodes does not drain the stomach wall?
The kidney is surrounded by which fascia?
Pyriform fossa is situated in?
Ostmann fat pad is related to?
What is the term for the pathways followed by corrosive acids in the stomach?
Where is the scutum located in the middle ear?
Korner's septum is seen in?
Systemic Anatomy Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 211: Which of the following is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?
- A. Sigmoid artery (Correct Answer)
- B. Middle colic artery
- C. Renal artery
- D. Right Colic artery
Explanation: ***Sigmoid artery*** - The **inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)** supplies the distal third of the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the superior part of the rectum [1]. - The **sigmoid arteries** are branches of the IMA that specifically supply the sigmoid colon [1]. *Middle colic artery* - The **middle colic artery** is a primary branch of the **superior mesenteric artery (SMA)**, not the inferior mesenteric artery [1]. - It primarily supplies the **transverse colon** [1]. *Renal artery* - The **renal arteries** are direct branches of the **abdominal aorta** that supply the kidneys. - They are not branches of either the superior or inferior mesenteric arteries. *Right Colic artery* - The **right colic artery** is a branch of the **superior mesenteric artery (SMA)**, not the inferior mesenteric artery [1]. - It typically supplies the **ascending colon** [1].
Question 212: All of the following are true about the duodenum except?
- A. Fourth part is the shortest part
- B. First part appears like a duodenal cap on barium studies
- C. Minor duodenal papilla is in the third part (Correct Answer)
- D. Ampulla of Vater opens through the second part
Explanation: ***Minor duodenal papilla is in the third part*** - The **minor duodenal papilla** (for the accessory pancreatic duct) is typically located in the **second part of the duodenum**, superior to the major duodenal papilla. - Its presence in the **third part** would be an anatomical variation, but it is not its usual or expected location. *Fourth part is the shortest part* - The **fourth part** of the duodenum is actually the **shortest segment**, measuring about 2.5 cm. - This statement is anatomically correct, as the duodenum transitions into the jejunum at the **duodenojejunal flexure**. *First part appears like a duodenal cap on barium studies* - The **first part of the duodenum** has a smooth, triangular appearance on barium studies, which is classically referred to as the **duodenal cap** [2]. - This characteristic shape is due to its relatively smooth mucosal lining compared to other duodenal parts. *Ampulla of Vater opens through the second part* - The **Ampulla of Vater** (hepatopancreatic ampulla), where the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct unite, opens into the **second part of the duodenum** [1]. - This opening is marked by the **major duodenal papilla**, an important landmark for bile and pancreatic juice flow [3].
Question 213: Which muscle attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum?
- A. Multifidus Lumborum (Correct Answer)
- B. Iliacus
- C. Coccygeus
- D. Piriformis
Explanation: ***Multifidus Lumborum*** - The **multifidus lumborum** is a deep back muscle that has attachments to the **posterior surface of the sacrum**, specifically the sacral groove. - Its primary role involves **stabilizing the spine** and performing small, precise movements of the vertebrae. *Iliacus* - The **iliacus muscle** originates from the **iliac fossa** of the pelvic bone, not the sacrum. - It primarily acts as a **hip flexor** by inserting onto the lesser trochanter of the femur. *Coccygeus* - The **coccygeus muscle** (also known as ischiococcygeus) originates from the **ischial spine** and inserts onto the lateral border of the coccyx and the lowest part of the sacrum, but its primary attachment is not the posterior surface of the sacrum. - It forms part of the **pelvic floor**, supporting pelvic organs and flexing the coccyx. *Piriformis* - The **piriformis muscle** originates from the **anterior surface of the sacrum**, specifically the pelvic surface, and runs through the greater sciatic notch. - It is a **hip external rotator** and abductor, inserting onto the greater trochanter of the femur.
Question 214: Which of the following lymph nodes does not drain the stomach wall?
- A. Pyloric nodes
- B. Short gastric vessel nodal group
- C. Right gastroepiploic nodes
- D. Inguinal nodes (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Inguinal nodes*** - The **inguinal lymph nodes** primarily drain the lower limbs, perineum, and external genitalia. - They do **not** receive any lymphatic drainage from the **stomach wall**, making this the correct answer. - These nodes are located in the **groin region** and are part of the superficial and deep inguinal lymphatic chains. *Pyloric nodes* - The **pyloric nodes** are located around the pylorus of the stomach [1]. - They **do drain** lymph from the **pyloric region** of the stomach [1]. - These are part of the gastric lymphatic drainage system [1]. *Short gastric vessel nodal group* - The **short gastric vessel nodal group** is found along the short gastric arteries. - These nodes **do drain** the **fundus** and a portion of the **body of the stomach**. - They follow the short gastric vessels from the greater curvature to the splenic hilum. *Right gastroepiploic nodes* - The **right gastroepiploic nodes** are situated along the greater curvature of the stomach, following the right gastroepiploic vessels [1]. - They **do drain** the **inferior half** of the greater curvature of the stomach [1]. - These nodes are part of the gastric and omental lymphatic network [1].
Question 215: The kidney is surrounded by which fascia?
- A. Sibson's fascia
- B. Buck's Fascia
- C. Gerota's Fascia (Correct Answer)
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***Gerota's Fascia*** - The kidney is surrounded by a tough, fibrous capsule, and external to this capsule is the **renal fascia**, also known as **Gerota's fascia** [1]. - This fascia encloses the kidneys and adrenal glands along with the perinephric fat, anchoring them to the posterior abdominal wall [1], [2]. - It is a key anatomical landmark that helps contain renal hemorrhage or infection. *Sibson's fascia* - **Sibson's fascia** is the **suprapleural membrane**, a fibrous sheet covering the apex of the lung. - It has no anatomical association with the kidney. *Buck's Fascia* - **Buck's fascia** is a deep fascia of the penis, which encloses the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. - It is entirely unrelated to the anatomy of the kidney. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because **Gerota's fascia** is indeed a distinct fascial layer that surrounds the kidney.
Question 216: Pyriform fossa is situated in?
- A. None of the options
- B. Oropharynx
- C. Hypopharynx (Correct Answer)
- D. Nasopharynx
Explanation: ***Hypopharynx*** - The **pyriform fossa** (also known as the pyriform sinus) is a depression located on either side of the **laryngeal inlet** within the hypopharynx [1]. - It serves as a channel for food and liquid during swallowing, directing them away from the airway [1]. *Oropharynx* - The oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis, whereas the pyriform fossa is located inferior to the epiglottis. - Key structures in the oropharynx include the palatine tonsils and the base of the tongue. *Nasopharynx* - The nasopharynx is the uppermost part of the pharynx, located behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate. - It primarily functions in respiration and contains the adenoids and opening of the Eustachian tubes. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the pyriform fossa is definitively located within the hypopharynx [1].
Question 217: Ostmann fat pad is related to?
- A. Ear lobule
- B. Buccal mucosa
- C. Tip of nose
- D. Eustachian tube (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Eustachian tube*** - The **Ostmann fat pad** (also known as the **corpus adiposum tubae auditivae**) is a collection of adipose tissue located at the lateral end of the Eustachian tube. - It is believed to play a role in the function of the **Eustachian tube**, potentially aiding in its opening and closing mechanisms. *Ear lobule* - The **ear lobule** is composed of fibrous and fatty tissue but does not contain a specific structure known as the Ostmann fat pad. - Its primary function is aesthetic and for attachment of earrings, with no direct connection to the Eustachian tube. *Buccal mucosa* - The **buccal mucosa** lines the inside of the cheeks and is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium. - It does not contain the Ostmann fat pad, which is distinct to the region around the Eustachian tube. *Tip of nose* - The **tip of the nose** is primarily composed of cartilage, soft tissue, and skin. - There is no anatomical structure within the nose referred to as the Ostmann fat pad.
Question 218: What is the term for the pathways followed by corrosive acids in the stomach?
- A. Type of ulcer associated with burns
- B. Magenstrasse (Correct Answer)
- C. No relevant pathway
- D. Type of ulcer associated with head trauma
Explanation: ***Magenstrasse (Correct Answer)*** - This term refers to the specialized **longitudinal folds or grooves along the lesser curvature of the stomach** that facilitate the rapid passage of liquids from the esophagus directly to the pylorus, bypassing the fundus and body. - In **forensic pathology**, when corrosive substances (acids or alkalis) are ingested, they characteristically follow these gastric rugal folds, creating **linear burn patterns** along the Magenstrasse. - This is a key concept in toxicology related to corrosive substance ingestion and helps explain the pattern of gastric injury seen in such cases. *Type of ulcer associated with burns (Incorrect)* - This describes a **Curling's ulcer**, which is an acute peptic ulcer of the duodenum or stomach that can develop after severe burns due to physiological stress and reduced blood flow to the gastric mucosa. - While it involves the stomach, it does not describe the specific anatomical pathways corrosive agents take but rather a *type* of pathology resulting from thermal injury and stress response. *No relevant pathway (Incorrect)* - This is incorrect because specific pathways like the **Magenstrasse** do exist and are well-documented in anatomy and forensic pathology. - These pathways are clinically relevant for understanding how corrosive substances cause localized linear damage patterns in the stomach. *Type of ulcer associated with head trauma (Incorrect)* - This describes a **Cushing's ulcer**, which is an acute gastric or duodenal ulcer that can occur in patients with head injuries or intracranial pathology. - The pathophysiology involves increased intracranial pressure leading to increased vagal stimulation and gastric acid secretion, which is distinct from the physical anatomical pathways that corrosive agents follow.
Question 219: Where is the scutum located in the middle ear?
- A. Roof
- B. Lateral wall (Correct Answer)
- C. Medial wall
- D. Floor
Explanation: ***Lateral wall*** - The **scutum** is a bony spur located on the **lateral wall** of the epitympanum (attic), which is the superior-most portion of the middle ear space. - It forms part of the **outer bony rim** of the tympanic annulus, bordering the superior aspect of the tympanic membrane. *Roof* - The roof of the middle ear, known as the **tegmen tympani**, is a thin plate of bone separating the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa. - This structure primarily protects the brain and does not contain the scutum. *Medial wall* - The medial wall separates the middle ear from the inner ear and features structures like the **oval window**, **round window**, and **promontory**. - The scutum is not located on this wall; it pertains to the outermost boundary of the middle ear. *Floor* - The floor of the middle ear is a thin bony plate that separates the middle ear from the **internal jugular vein**. - No part of the scutum is found on the floor of the middle ear cavity.
Question 220: Korner's septum is seen in?
- A. Petrosquamous suture (Correct Answer)
- B. Temporosquamous suture
- C. Petromastoid suture
- D. Frontozygomatic suture
Explanation: ***Petrosquamous suture*** - **Korner's septum**, also known as the **petrosquamous lamina**, is a bony plate that separates the **squamous (lateral)** and **petrous (medial)** parts of the temporal bone. - It runs along the **petrosquamous suture**, which is a common site for the spread of infection from the middle ear to the cranial cavity in children. *Temporosquamous suture* - This suture connects the **temporal bone** with the **squamous part** of another bone, but not specifically the petrous part. - It describes a general anatomical relationship and is not directly associated with Korner's septum. *Petromastoid suture* - This suture is found between the **petrous portion** of the temporal bone and the **mastoid process**. - It is distinct from the petrosquamous suture and does not contain Korner's septum. *Frontozygomatic suture* - This suture connects the **frontal bone** with the **zygomatic bone** (cheekbone) and is located on the lateral aspect of the face. - It is completely unrelated to the temporal bone or its internal structures like Korner's septum.
Practice by Chapter
Skeletal System
Practice Questions
Articular System
Practice Questions
Muscular System
Practice Questions
Cardiovascular System
Practice Questions
Lymphatic System
Practice Questions
Nervous System
Practice Questions
Respiratory System
Practice Questions
Digestive System
Practice Questions
Urinary System
Practice Questions
Reproductive System
Practice Questions
Endocrine System
Practice Questions
Integumentary System
Practice Questions
Want unlimited practice?
Get full access to all questions, explanations, and performance tracking.
Start For Free