Surface and Radiological Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: Which structure lies midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis?

Femoral artery. ***Femoral artery*** - The **femoral artery** is a direct continuation of the external iliac artery and is the most reliable palpable pulse in the groin area. [1] - Its surface marking is clinically important as it's found midway between the **anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)** and the **pubic symphysis**, specifically at the **mid-inguinal point**. [1] *Deep inguinal ring* - The **deep inguinal ring** is located at the **midpoint of the inguinal ligament** (midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle), which is approximately 1.5 cm above and lateral to the mid-inguinal point. - It marks the beginning of the **inguinal canal** and is the site where the vas deferens and gonadal vessels exit the abdominal cavity. *Superior epigastric artery* - The **superior epigastric artery** is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery and primarily supplies the upper abdominal wall. [2] - It is located in the anterior abdominal wall, far from the inguinal region and the midpoint between the ASIS and pubic symphysis. [2] *Inguinal ligament* - The **inguinal ligament** extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle, forming the inferior border of the anterior abdominal wall. - While relevant to the region, the ligament itself is a fibrous band, not a structure found *midway between* the ASIS and pubic symphysis in the same way the femoral artery is.

Q: Level of the lower border of the lung at the mid-axillary line is:

8th rib (mid-axillary line). ***8th rib (mid-axillary line)*** - The **lower border of the lung** extends to the 8th rib at the mid-axillary line, which is a key anatomical landmark for lung auscultation and procedures. - This level is significant as it denotes the typical inferior extent of lung tissue in this region during respiration. *6th rib (midclavicular line)* - The lower border of the lung at the **midclavicular line** is typically at the 6th rib, not the mid-axillary line, indicating a more anterior position of the lung. - This line is used for examining the anterior chest and estimating lung boundaries. *10th rib (mid-axillary line)* - The **pleural reflection**, specifically the parietal pleura, extends down to the 10th rib at the mid-axillary line, which is typically two ribs lower than the lung's inferior border. - The lung itself normally does not reach the 10th rib in the mid-axillary line, even during deep inspiration. *12th rib (posteriorly)* - The lower border of the lung at the **posterior aspect** (paravertebral line) is typically at the 10th or 11th rib, not the 12th rib. - The pleural reflection reaches the 12th rib posteriorly, meaning the lung tissue would be superior to this level.

Q: CT scan of the abdomen at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra in a patient. Which structure provides an attachment of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)? Please refer to the provided image.

Structure B. ***Structure B*** - The **suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)** originates from the right crus of the diaphragm, which is represented by **Structure B** in the image. - This ligament plays a crucial role in supporting the **duodenojejunal flexure** and aiding in the passage of food. *Structure A* - **Structure A** points to the **spinal cord**, which is part of the central nervous system and does not provide an attachment point for the ligament of Treitz. *Structure C* - **Structure C** indicates the **aorta**, the main artery of the body, located anterior to the vertebrae. - While the aorta is a major abdominal structure, it is not directly involved in the attachment of the ligament of Treitz. *Structure D* - **Structure D** points to a portion of the **kidney**, an organ of the urinary system. - The kidneys are located retroperitoneally and are not associated with the suspensory muscle of the duodenum.

Q: Choose the appropriate lettered structure in this MRI scan showing a transaxial section through the head. Which structure is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage?

A. ***Option A - Nasal Septum (Correct)*** - Structure A points to the **nasal septum**, which is comprised of the **perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone** (superiorly), the **vomer** (inferiorly), and the **septal cartilage** (anteriorly). - These three components form the central partition dividing the nasal cavity into two halves. - This directly matches the anatomical description in the question stem. *Option B - Inferior Nasal Concha (Incorrect)* - Structure B points to the **inferior nasal concha** (turbinate), a paired bone that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. - Its primary role is to filter, warm, and humidify inspired air. - It is not part of the nasal septum but rather projects from the lateral nasal wall. *Option C - Maxillary Sinuses (Incorrect)* - Structure C points to the **maxillary sinuses**, which are air-filled cavities located within the body of the maxilla. - These are the largest of the paranasal sinuses and are separate from the nasal septum. - They communicate with the nasal cavity but are not structural components of the septum. *Option D - Orbit (Incorrect)* - Structure D points to the **orbit**, which houses the eye and its associated structures. - The orbit is a bony cavity formed by multiple bones and is distinct from the nasal cavity and its septal structure. - It has no contribution to the nasal septum formation.

Question 1

Which structure lies midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Answer

Deep inguinal ring

Answer

Superior epigastric artery

Answer

Inguinal ligament

Question 2

Level of the lower border of the lung at the mid-axillary line is:

Accepted Answer

8th rib (mid-axillary line)

Answer

10th rib (mid-axillary line)

Answer

12th rib (posteriorly)

Answer

6th rib (midclavicular line)

Question 3

CT scan of the abdomen at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra in a patient. Which structure provides an attachment of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)? Please refer to the provided image.

Accepted Answer

Structure B

Answer

Structure A

Answer

Structure C

Answer

Structure D

Question 4

Choose the appropriate lettered structure in this MRI scan showing a transaxial section through the head. Which structure is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A

Answer

C

Answer

D

Answer

B

Surface and Radiological Anatomy — MCQs

Surface and Radiological Anatomy — MCQs

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