UPSC-CMS 2024

115 Questions — Page 11 of 12

All (115)Anatomy (1)Anesthesiology (1)Biochemistry (2)Community Medicine (32)Dermatology (1)Internal Medicine (14)Microbiology (2)Obstetrics and Gynecology (27)Ophthalmology (1)Orthopaedics (4)Pathology (5)Pediatrics (2)Pharmacology (4)Physiology (5)Surgery (14)

Community Medicine

7 questions

Q101

Consider the following statement : "The people should seek to preserve their traditional eating patterns and lifestyles associated with low levels of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)." Which level of prevention is implied in this statement?

Q102

Raju is 30 years of age. He has been working in the ceramic and pottery industry for the last 10 years. Which one of the following conditions should he be screened for?

Q103

Which of the following publications is/are brought out by the World Health Organization? 1. CD Alert 2. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 3. Weekly Epidemiological Record Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q104

Which one of the following best represents the correct sequence of phases in a normal nuclear family? 1. Contraction 2. Dissolution 3. Extension 4. Formation Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q105

Which among the following are characteristics of health education, rather than propaganda? 1. Knowledge actively acquired, rather than instilled 2. Appeals to emotion, rather than reason 3. Behaviour centred, rather than information centred 4. Arouses and stimulates primitive desires, rather than disciplines them Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q106

As per the basic model of a nuclear family life cycle, which of the following represent the phases of family expansion and contraction? 1. Contraction 2. Dissolution 3. Extension 4. Formation Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q107

Consider the following statements regarding the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in India : 1. The CDSCO is headed by the Drugs Controller General (India) at the Centre. 2. The CDSCO is a part of the Directorate of Director General of Health Services. 3. The CDSCO is under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India. 4. The CDSCO has a network of several port offices for monitoring the import and export of drugs. Which of the statements given above are correct?

UPSC-CMS 2024 - Community Medicine UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 101: Consider the following statement : "The people should seek to preserve their traditional eating patterns and lifestyles associated with low levels of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)." Which level of prevention is implied in this statement?

A. Primary
B. Primordial (Correct Answer)
C. High risk
D. Secondary

Explanation: ***Primordial*** - **Primordial prevention** aims to prevent the development of risk factors themselves by addressing underlying social, economic, and environmental determinants of health before they emerge in populations. - Preserving traditional eating patterns and lifestyles associated with **low CHD risk** prevents the adoption of modern unhealthy lifestyles, thereby stopping risk factors from developing in the first place. - This is the most upstream level of prevention, maintaining conditions of low risk in entire populations. *Primary* - **Primary prevention** targets individuals or populations who are healthy but may already have risk factors, aiming to prevent disease onset. - Examples include **vaccination**, promoting healthy diets to those at risk, and exercise programs. - Unlike primordial prevention, primary prevention assumes risk factors might already exist and works to prevent disease development. *High risk* - The **high risk approach** is a strategy within primary prevention that focuses interventions on individuals identified as having high probability of developing disease. - This statement addresses population-level strategies before risk factors are established, which is broader than targeting high-risk individuals. - This approach comes into play after risk factors have already emerged in some population segments. *Secondary* - **Secondary prevention** focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of existing disease to prevent progression and complications. - Involves **screening programs** (e.g., lipid profile screening, ECG) and early intervention once disease or risk factors have manifested. - This is clearly not applicable as the statement addresses prevention before any disease or risk factors develop.

Question 102: Raju is 30 years of age. He has been working in the ceramic and pottery industry for the last 10 years. Which one of the following conditions should he be screened for?

A. Asbestosis
B. Anthracosis
C. Byssinosis
D. Silicosis (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Silicosis*** - Working in the **ceramic and pottery industry** involves significant exposure to **silica dust**, making silicosis the most relevant occupational lung disease. - **Silicosis** is a chronic, progressive fibrotic lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica, common in mining, quarrying, and pottery. *Asbestosis* - **Asbestosis** is caused by the inhalation of **asbestos fibers**, typically found in construction, insulation, and shipbuilding. - While an occupational lung disease, it is not directly linked to the ceramic and pottery industry. *Anthracosis* - **Anthracosis** is commonly known as **coal workers' pneumoconiosis** and results from inhaling coal dust. - This condition is specifically associated with coal mining and not pottery work. *Byssinosis* - **Byssinosis** is an occupational lung disease caused by inhaling **cotton dust**, often seen in textile workers. - It is unrelated to exposure in the ceramic and pottery industry.

Question 103: Which of the following publications is/are brought out by the World Health Organization? 1. CD Alert 2. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 3. Weekly Epidemiological Record Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A. 3 only (Correct Answer)
B. 2 only
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 2

Explanation: ***3 only*** - The **Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)** is the only publication in this list brought out by the **World Health Organization (WHO)**. - WER provides up-to-date information on **epidemiological events globally** and serves as an essential tool for **public health surveillance**. - **CD Alert** is published by the **National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), India**, not WHO. - **Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)** is published by the **U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)**, not WHO. *2 only* - The **MMWR** is a publication of the **CDC, USA**, not the WHO. - This option incorrectly attributes a CDC publication to WHO. *2 and 3* - While the **Weekly Epidemiological Record** is correctly a WHO publication, the **MMWR** is published by the **CDC, not WHO**. - This option is incorrect because it wrongly includes MMWR as a WHO publication. *1 and 2* - **CD Alert** is published by the **NCDC, India** (not WHO), and **MMWR** is published by the **CDC, USA** (not WHO). - This option is incorrect as neither publication is brought out by the WHO.

Question 104: Which one of the following best represents the correct sequence of phases in a normal nuclear family? 1. Contraction 2. Dissolution 3. Extension 4. Formation Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4
B. 4 → 1 → 2 → 3
C. 1 → 3 → 4 → 2
D. 4 → 3 → 1 → 2 (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***4 → 3 → 1 → 2*** - The correct sequence represents the **Duvall's Family Life Cycle** for a nuclear family. - The cycle begins with **Formation** (marriage/establishment of family), followed by **Extension** (birth and child-rearing), then **Contraction** (children leaving home - empty nest phase), and finally **Dissolution** (death of parents). - This is the standard sequence taught in family life cycle models in Community Medicine. *1 → 2 → 3 → 4* - This sequence is incorrect as it starts with **Contraction** and ends with **Formation**, which reverses the natural progression of family development. - Family life cycles logically progress from formation to dissolution, not the other way around. *4 → 1 → 2 → 3* - This order is incorrect because **Contraction** (children leaving home) must occur after the **Extension** phase (children growing up in the home). - Skipping the extension phase contradicts the natural developmental sequence of family life. *1 → 3 → 4 → 2* - This sequence is incorrect as it begins with **Contraction** before **Formation**, which is logically impossible. - A family cannot contract before it has been formed and extended.

Question 105: Which among the following are characteristics of health education, rather than propaganda? 1. Knowledge actively acquired, rather than instilled 2. Appeals to emotion, rather than reason 3. Behaviour centred, rather than information centred 4. Arouses and stimulates primitive desires, rather than disciplines them Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A. 2 and 3
B. 1 and 2
C. 1 and 3 (Correct Answer)
D. 3 and 4

Explanation: ***1 and 3*** - **Health education** empowers individuals to make informed decisions by facilitating the **active acquisition of knowledge**, promoting understanding over mere instillation of facts. - It is inherently **behavior-centered**, aiming to translate knowledge into practical actions and sustainable healthy habits, rather than just disseminating information. *2 and 3* - While health education is behavior-centered (point 3), it primarily appeals to **reason and critical thinking**, not emotion (point 2). - Propaganda, in contrast, often appeals to emotions to manipulate beliefs without necessarily fostering genuine understanding. *1 and 2* - **Health education** involves active knowledge acquisition (point 1) but does not primarily appeal to emotion (point 2). - Appealing to emotion is a characteristic more aligned with propaganda, which seeks to bypass critical thought. *3 and 4* - **Health education** is behavior-centered (point 3) but aims to **discipline behaviors** through informed choice, rather than arousing primitive desires (point 4). - The arousal of primitive desires is a manipulative tactic often associated with propaganda, not legitimate health education.

Question 106: As per the basic model of a nuclear family life cycle, which of the following represent the phases of family expansion and contraction? 1. Contraction 2. Dissolution 3. Extension 4. Formation Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3 (Correct Answer)
D. 2 only

Explanation: ***1 and 3*** - The **extension/expansion phase** involves the addition of new members to the family through **birth or adoption** of children, representing family growth. - The **contraction phase** occurs when children leave the **parental home** (empty nest phase), leading to a reduction in household size. - Together, these represent the dynamic phases of family expansion and contraction in the nuclear family life cycle. *1 and 2* - While contraction is correct, the **dissolution phase** refers to the final stage (death of spouse/parents), not a phase of active family expansion or contraction. - This option incorrectly includes dissolution instead of extension. *2 and 3* - The **dissolution phase** is the terminal stage of the family life cycle, not a phase of expansion or contraction. - This option incorrectly includes dissolution and omits contraction. *2 only* - **Dissolution** is the final stage of the family life cycle when the family unit ends due to death of spouse(s). - This option completely misses both the **extension** (expansion) and **contraction** phases, which are the core dynamic phases of family size change.

Question 107: Consider the following statements regarding the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in India : 1. The CDSCO is headed by the Drugs Controller General (India) at the Centre. 2. The CDSCO is a part of the Directorate of Director General of Health Services. 3. The CDSCO is under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India. 4. The CDSCO has a network of several port offices for monitoring the import and export of drugs. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1, 2 and 4 (Correct Answer)
D. 1 and 2 only

Explanation: ***Correct Option: 1, 2 and 4*** The **Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO)** has the following characteristics: **Statement 1 (Correct):** The CDSCO is indeed headed by the **Drugs Controller General (India)** at the Centre. This is the apex regulatory authority for pharmaceuticals and medical devices in India. **Statement 2 (Correct):** The CDSCO operates as a part of the **Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS)** under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. **Statement 3 (Incorrect):** The CDSCO falls under the **Ministry of Health & Family Welfare**, NOT the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. The Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers is responsible for policies related to the production and pricing of chemicals and fertilizers, but drug regulation is under the health ministry. **Statement 4 (Correct):** The CDSCO has an extensive network of **port offices** (located at major ports and airports) responsible for overseeing the **import and export of drugs**, ensuring compliance with safety and quality standards. *Incorrect Option: 1 and 3* - While statement 1 is correct, statement 3 is incorrect as explained above. This combination includes a false statement about the ministry under which CDSCO operates. *Incorrect Option: 2 and 4 only* - This option correctly identifies two true statements but **omits statement 1**, which is the fundamental fact that CDSCO is headed by the Drugs Controller General (India). This is incomplete. *Incorrect Option: 1 and 2 only* - This option correctly identifies the organizational structure but **fails to include statement 4** about the crucial role of CDSCO's port offices in regulating the import and export of drugs, which is a key regulatory function.

Internal Medicine

2 questions

Q101

Consider the following statements: Statement I: Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio are more powerful predictors of subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes than Body Mass Index (BMI). Statement II: Central obesity is an important determinant of insulin resistance, the underlying abnormality in most cases of type 2 diabetes. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Q102

An industrial worker was brought to a medical facility due to health problems. On his workup including laboratory tests, a finding of basophilic stippling of Red Blood Cells (RBC) was observed. Which among the following is he/she likely to be having?

UPSC-CMS 2024 - Internal Medicine UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 101: Consider the following statements: Statement I: Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio are more powerful predictors of subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes than Body Mass Index (BMI). Statement II: Central obesity is an important determinant of insulin resistance, the underlying abnormality in most cases of type 2 diabetes. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I (Correct Answer)
B. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
D. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Explanation: **Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I** * **Central obesity**, measured by **waist circumference** and **waist-to-hip ratio**, is a stronger predictor of type 2 diabetes risk because it reflects **visceral fat**, which is metabolically active and directly linked to insulin resistance [1]. * **Visceral adipose tissue** releases inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids, directly impairing insulin signaling and leading to **insulin resistance**, which is the primary pathophysiological defect in the development of type 2 diabetes [1]. *Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct* * Statement I is actually correct; **waist circumference** and **waist-to-hip ratio** are indeed superior to BMI in predicting type 2 diabetes risk because they specifically quantify central obesity, which is more metabolically harmful [1], [2]. * Therefore, the premise that Statement I is incorrect is flawed, and this option is not suitable. *Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect* * Statement II is fundamentally correct as **central obesity** is a well-established driver of **insulin resistance**, a key mechanism in type 2 diabetes development [1], [3]. * The argument that Statement II is incorrect directly contradicts established medical understanding of diabetes pathogenesis. *Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I* * Statement II provides the causal link between **central obesity** and **insulin resistance**, which explains *why* **waist circumference** and **waist-to-hip ratio** (measures of central obesity) are better predictors of type 2 diabetes risk than BMI [1]. * Therefore, Statement II *does* correctly explain Statement I by detailing the underlying pathological mechanism.

Question 102: An industrial worker was brought to a medical facility due to health problems. On his workup including laboratory tests, a finding of basophilic stippling of Red Blood Cells (RBC) was observed. Which among the following is he/she likely to be having?

A. Lead poisoning (Correct Answer)
B. Brucellosis
C. Asbestosis
D. Farmer's lung

Explanation: ***Lead poisoning*** - **Basophilic stippling** of **RBCs** is a classic hematological hallmark of **lead poisoning**, resulting from the inhibition of **5'-nucleotidase** by lead, which impairs the degradation of ribosomal RNA [2]. - This condition is common in industrial workers exposed to lead-containing materials, such as those in battery manufacturing, smelting, or painting [1]. *Brucellosis* - This is an infectious disease caused by bacteria from the genus **Brucella**, usually acquired from animals or contaminated animal products. - It typically presents with fever, sweating, malaise, and arthralgia, and is not associated with **basophilic stippling**. *Asbestosis* - **Asbestosis** is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling **asbestos fibers**, leading to lung fibrosis and impaired respiratory function. - Its clinical presentation involves progressive shortness of breath, cough, and characteristic radiographic findings of interstitial lung disease, with no direct hematological findings like **basophilic stippling**. *Farmer's lung* - **Farmer's lung** is a **hypersensitivity pneumonitis** caused by inhaling organic dusts from moldy hay or other agricultural products. - Symptoms include cough, fever, chills, and shortness of breath, reflecting an inflammatory response in the lungs, without any associated **basophilic stippling**.

Obstetrics and Gynecology

1 questions

Q101

Consider the following statements regarding LNG-20 (Mirena) : 1. It is a T-shaped IUD filled with natural hormone progesterone. 2. It is associated with a low pregnancy rate (2 per 1000 women). 3. It is associated with a large number of ectopic pregnancies. 4. It is associated with lower menstrual blood loss as compared to copper IUDs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?