UPSC-CMS 2024 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which types of cancer are associated with exposure to ionizing radiation? 1. Leukaemia 2. Lung cancer 3. Breast cancer 4. Lymphoma Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - **Leukemia**, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is one of the most strongly established radiation-induced cancers, with clear dose-response relationships observed in atomic bomb survivors and therapeutic radiation patients. - **Lung cancer** risk increases significantly with ionizing radiation exposure, especially from inhaled radioactive particles (radon), uranium mining, and external radiation exposure in atomic bomb survivors. - **Breast cancer** has a well-documented association with ionizing radiation, particularly with exposure during childhood and adolescence. Evidence comes from atomic bomb survivors, tuberculosis fluoroscopy studies, and therapeutic chest radiation (e.g., for Hodgkin lymphoma). Women exposed to radiation before age 30 show the highest risk. *1, 2 and 4* - While leukemia and lung cancer are correctly included, this option incorrectly includes lymphoma instead of breast cancer. - **Lymphoma's** association with ionizing radiation is less consistent and weaker compared to breast cancer. The evidence for radiation-induced lymphoma is limited and not as well-established as for the three solid tumors and leukemia listed above. *1, 3 and 4* - This option correctly includes leukemia and breast cancer but incorrectly excludes lung cancer, which has strong epidemiological evidence from radon exposure studies and atomic bomb survivor data. - Lymphoma is included but has weaker evidence than lung cancer for radiation association. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly excludes leukemia, which is historically the most strongly documented and earliest-appearing cancer following radiation exposure. - Leukemia was the first cancer type conclusively linked to ionizing radiation in atomic bomb survivors. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Injectable medroxyprogesterone IP 150 mg/mL contraceptive injection is available in Family Health Programme of the Government of India under the name

Antara. ***Antara*** - **Antara** is the brand name under which the **injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)**, 150 mg/mL, is available in the Family Health Programme of the Government of India. - It is a **long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC)** providing contraception for three months with a single injection. *Saheli* - **Saheli** is the brand name for **Centchroman (Ormeloxifene)**, a non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill used once a week in India. - It is **not an injectable contraceptive** and has a different mechanism of action than medroxyprogesterone. *Sahiba* - **Sahiba** is not a recognized brand name for a contraceptive product available within the Indian Government's Family Health Programme. - This option is a **distractor** and does not correspond to any known contraceptive. *Sayana Press* - **Sayana Press** is a brand name for **depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) subcutaneous injection**, often used in self-administration programs in some countries. - While it contains MPA, the specific program and formulation mentioned in the question (150 mg/mL intramuscular) under the Indian Government's FHP is represented by **Antara**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: As per the Open Vial Policy, partially used multidose vials of which of the following vaccines can be used over more than one immunization session? 1. BCG vaccine 2. DPT vaccine 3. Hepatitis B vaccine 4. Measles vaccine Select the correct answer using the code given below.

2 and 3 only. **2 and 3 only** - The **Open Vial Policy (OVP)** allows for the continued use of partially used **DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)** and **Hepatitis B vaccines** in multidose vials over multiple immunization sessions. - This policy is based on the vaccine's stability, **preservative content**, and the low risk of contamination when handled correctly. *1, 2 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the **BCG vaccine** and **Measles vaccine**. - **BCG** and **Measles vaccines** are **live attenuated vaccines** that come in single-dose vials or require specific handling for same-day use once reconstituted, and are **not covered by the OVP** for use over multiple sessions. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the **BCG vaccine** and **Measles vaccine** which are **not eligible** for extended use under the OVP. - Both BCG and Measles vaccines are **sensitive to heat and light** and easily contaminated once reconstituted. *1 and 2 only* - This option incorrectly includes the **BCG vaccine** and excludes the **Hepatitis B vaccine**. - As previously stated, **BCG vaccine is excluded** from the OVP, while **Hepatitis B vaccine** is explicitly included due to its inactivated nature and preservative content. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The statement, "Health is a dynamic equilibrium between man and environment and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment" explains which one of the following concepts of health?

Ecological. ***Ecological*** - This concept views health as a **dynamic balance** between the individual and their physical, social, and cultural **environment**. - Disease is understood as an **imbalance or maladjustment** to these environmental factors. *Holistic* - The holistic concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of all aspects of an individual—**physical, mental, spiritual, and social**—rather than focusing on environmental interactions. - It suggests that health is achieved when there is harmony within these interconnected aspects. *Psychosocial* - This concept specifically highlights the influence of **psychological (thoughts, emotions)** and **social (family, community)** factors on health and disease. - While environment is a component, it doesn't primarily define health as an equilibrium with the broader environment. *Biomedical* - The biomedical concept defines health as the **absence of disease** and focuses on the **pathophysiological mechanisms** of illness. - It primarily views disease as a deviation from normal biological functioning, without significant emphasis on environmental equilibrium. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The table given below shows three broad components under which the objectives of the National Health Policy, 2017 can be grouped, along with examples of goals/objectives under each component. How many of the pairs shown in the table are correctly matched? Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Only one of the pairs. ***Only one of the pairs*** - According to the **National Health Policy 2017**, only **Pair 1** is correctly matched. - Pair 1 correctly matches 'Health status and programme impact' with the objective of **increasing life expectancy at birth from 67.5 to 70 years by 2025**. - This objective directly reflects an improvement in the overall health status of the population and is a stated goal in NHP 2017. *Only two of the pairs* - This option is incorrect because only one pair is accurately matched according to the National Health Policy 2017. - While Pair 2 mentions an immunization target, the specific pairing of component and objective may not align with NHP 2017's classification. *All of the pairs* - This option is incorrect because not all pairs shown in the table are correctly matched with their respective broad components as per the **National Health Policy 2017**. - Only the first pair accurately reflects the policy's stated objectives for that particular broad component. *None of the pairs* - This option is incorrect because **Pair 1 is correctly matched**. - The goal to increase life expectancy from 67.5 to 70 years by 2025 is a direct indicator of improved health status and is accurately categorized under 'Health status and programme impact' in NHP 2017. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which types of cancer are associated with exposure to ionizing radiation?

1. Leukaemia
2. Lung cancer
3. Breast cancer
4. Lymphoma

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Question 2

Injectable medroxyprogesterone IP 150 mg/mL contraceptive injection is available in Family Health Programme of the Government of India under the name

Accepted Answer

Antara

Answer

Saheli

Answer

Sahiba

Answer

Sayana Press

Question 3

As per the Open Vial Policy, partially used multidose vials of which of the following vaccines can be used over more than one immunization session?

1. BCG vaccine
2. DPT vaccine
3. Hepatitis B vaccine
4. Measles vaccine

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1 and 2 only

Question 4

The statement, "Health is a dynamic equilibrium between man and environment and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment" explains which one of the following concepts of health?

Accepted Answer

Ecological

Answer

Holistic

Answer

Psychosocial

Answer

Biomedical

Question 5

The table given below shows three broad components under which the objectives of the National Health Policy, 2017 can be grouped, along with examples of goals/objectives under each component.

How many of the pairs shown in the table are correctly matched?

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

Only one of the pairs

Answer

Only two of the pairs

Answer

All of the pairs

Answer

None of the pairs

Question 6

Consider the following management methods/techniques :

1. System analysis
2. Organizational design
3. Personnel management
4. Information systems
Which of the above methods/techniques are based on behavioural sciences?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Question 7

In the following table, the end results of planning are qualified by brief characteristics. How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only one of the pairs

Answer

All of the pairs

Answer

None of the pairs

Answer

Only two of the pairs

Question 8

Consider the following steps of a planning cycle :

1. Assigning priorities among the problems
2. Evaluation
3. Selecting best programme
4. Operating the programme

Which among the following is the correct sequence of steps?

Accepted Answer

1 → 3 → 4 → 2

Answer

2 → 3 → 4 → 1

Answer

3 → 4 → 1 → 2

Answer

1 → 2 → 3 → 4

Question 9

Which of the following statements are correct for incidence rate?

1. It is useful for taking action to control a disease.
2. Rising incidence rates may indicate ineffectiveness of the current control programmes.
3. Fluctuation in incidence rate may indicate a change in aetiology of disease. Select the answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 2 only

Question 10

Consider the following definition : "A high level of infection beginning early in life and affecting most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than the children." Which one of the following terms best fits this definition?

Accepted Answer

Holoendemic

Answer

Hyperendemic

Answer

Hypoendemic

Answer

Pandemic

UPSC-CMS 2024 — Community Medicine