UPSC-CMS 2023

227 Questions — Page 23 of 23

All (227)Anatomy (8)Biochemistry (3)Community Medicine (52)Dermatology (1)Forensic Medicine (2)Internal Medicine (29)Microbiology (4)Obstetrics and Gynecology (66)Ophthalmology (2)Orthopaedics (1)Pathology (9)Pediatrics (6)Pharmacology (3)Physiology (10)Psychiatry (1)Radiology (6)Surgery (24)

Community Medicine

6 questions

Q221

In which one of the following diseases, the transmission chain is 'Man-Snail-Man' ?

Q222

Which of the following mosquito-borne diseases are transmitted chiefly by Aedes mosquito ? 1. Dengue 2. West Nile fever 3. Yellow fever 4. Zika fever Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Q223

Consider the following vaccines : 1. BCG Vaccine 2. Hepatitis B Vaccine 3. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) 4. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) What is the correct order of the above vaccines as per their sensitivity to heat (most sensitive to least sensitive) given in the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) ?

Q224

The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 of India provides for certain benefits to employees. Which among the following are benefits to insured persons or to other dependents under the Act ? 1. Disablement benefit 2. Funeral expenses 3. Maternity benefit 4. Travel benefit Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Q225

Which among the following vaccines best represent interventions that focus on cancer prevention too ? 1. Hepatitis A vaccine 2. Hepatitis B vaccine 3. Hemophilus influenzae B vaccine 4. Human papilloma virus vaccine Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Q226

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: While calculating the number of expected pregnancies per year in an area, a correction factor (usually 10%) is added to the expected number of live births in the year in the area. Statement-II: All the pregnancies in the area may not be registered by the health worker in the area. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

UPSC-CMS 2023 - Community Medicine UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 221: In which one of the following diseases, the transmission chain is 'Man-Snail-Man' ?

A. Schistosomiasis (Correct Answer)
B. Malaria
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Fish tapeworm

Explanation: ***Schistosomiasis*** - The transmission cycle for **schistosomiasis** involves humans as the definitive host and **snails** as the intermediate host. - Eggs are passed in human feces or urine, hatch in freshwater to **miracidia**, which then infect snails. Snails release **cercariae** that penetrate human skin, completing the 'Man-Snail-Man' chain. *Malaria* - The transmission chain for **malaria** is typically 'Man-Mosquito-Man', where Anopheles mosquitoes serve as the vector. - There is no involvement of **snails** in the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite. *Onchocerciasis* - **Onchocerciasis**, or river blindness, is transmitted by the bite of infected blackflies (Simulium species). - The life cycle involves microfilariae maturing into adult worms in the human host, with blackflies as the **arthropod vector**. *Fish tapeworm* - The **fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum)** has a complex life cycle involving copepods (crustaceans) and fish as intermediate hosts. - Humans become infected by consuming raw or undercooked infected fish, not through **snail** involvement.

Question 222: Which of the following mosquito-borne diseases are transmitted chiefly by Aedes mosquito ? 1. Dengue 2. West Nile fever 3. Yellow fever 4. Zika fever Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 3 and 4 (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***1, 3 and 4*** - **Dengue**, **Yellow fever**, and **Zika fever** are all primarily transmitted by the *Aedes* mosquito, especially *Aedes aegypti* and *Aedes albopictus*. - These mosquitoes are known for biting during the day and thrive in urbanized environments. *1 and 3 only* - This option is incomplete as **Zika fever** is also transmitted by *Aedes* mosquitoes. - Excluding Zika fever makes this option incorrect, as Zika's primary vector is well-established as *Aedes*. *1, 2 and 3* - **West Nile fever** is primarily transmitted by *Culex* mosquitoes, not *Aedes*. - Therefore, its inclusion invalidates this option because *Aedes* is not the chief vector for West Nile fever. *2 and 4 only* - This option is incorrect because **West Nile fever** is not primarily transmitted by *Aedes* mosquitoes. - Moreover, it omits **Dengue** and **Yellow fever**, which are classic examples of *Aedes*-borne diseases.

Question 223: Consider the following vaccines : 1. BCG Vaccine 2. Hepatitis B Vaccine 3. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) 4. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) What is the correct order of the above vaccines as per their sensitivity to heat (most sensitive to least sensitive) given in the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) ?

A. 2→1→3→4
B. 2→3→1→4
C. 4→3→2→1 (Correct Answer)
D. 3→1→4→2

Explanation: ***4→3→2→1 (OPV → IPV → Hepatitis B → BCG)*** * **Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)** is the **most heat-sensitive** vaccine among these options. As a live attenuated viral vaccine, it requires storage at -20°C (freezer storage) and is extremely thermolabile, necessitating the strictest cold chain management with VVM monitoring. * **Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)** is the second most heat-sensitive vaccine, requiring refrigeration at 2-8°C. While more stable than OPV due to inactivation, it remains highly sensitive to heat exposure and requires careful cold chain maintenance. * **Hepatitis B Vaccine** has moderate heat sensitivity. As a recombinant subunit vaccine, it requires storage at 2-8°C but is more thermostable than the polio vaccines. It can tolerate brief temperature excursions better than live attenuated vaccines. * **BCG Vaccine** is the **least heat-sensitive** among these four vaccines, though it still requires proper cold chain management at 2-8°C. While BCG is light-sensitive, it demonstrates relatively better heat stability compared to OPV, IPV, and Hepatitis B vaccines in field conditions per National Immunization Schedule guidelines. *Incorrect Option 2→1→3→4* - Incorrectly places Hepatitis B as most sensitive when OPV is actually most thermolabile *Incorrect Option 2→3→1→4* - Wrong order placing Hepatitis B first instead of OPV *Incorrect Option 3→1→4→2* - Incorrectly suggests IPV is most sensitive and has an inaccurate sequence

Question 224: The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 of India provides for certain benefits to employees. Which among the following are benefits to insured persons or to other dependents under the Act ? 1. Disablement benefit 2. Funeral expenses 3. Maternity benefit 4. Travel benefit Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A. 1, 2 and 3 only (Correct Answer)
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 1 and 3 only

Explanation: ***1, 2 and 3 only*** - The **Employees' State Insurance Act of 1948** provides comprehensive social security benefits including **Disablement Benefit** for temporary or permanent incapacitation, **Funeral Expenses** for the deceased insured person, and **Maternity Benefit** to women. - These benefits are designed to protect employees and their dependents against various health-related and economic contingencies. *2 and 4 only* - This option is incorrect because **funeral expenses** are indeed covered, but there is no specific "travel benefit" as a standard provision under the ESI Act for insured persons or their dependents. - While medical benefits allow for treatment in ESI hospitals, a general travel benefit akin to reimbursement for personal travel is not part of the scheme. *1, 2, 3 and 4* - This option is incorrect because while **Disablement Benefit**, **Funeral Expenses**, and **Maternity Benefit** are provided, a general **Travel Benefit** is not one of the statutory benefits offered by the ESI Act. - The Act focuses on medical care, income support during sickness/maternity/disablement, and dependent support, not general travel. *1 and 3 only* - This option is incomplete as it correctly identifies **Disablement Benefit** and **Maternity Benefit** but excludes **Funeral Expenses**, which are explicitly covered as part of the benefits package under the ESI Act. - Funeral expenses provide financial support to the family of a deceased insured person to some extent.

Question 225: Which among the following vaccines best represent interventions that focus on cancer prevention too ? 1. Hepatitis A vaccine 2. Hepatitis B vaccine 3. Hemophilus influenzae B vaccine 4. Human papilloma virus vaccine Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4 (Correct Answer)
D. 1 and 2

Explanation: ***2 and 4*** - The **Hepatitis B vaccine** prevents **Hepatitis B virus (HBV)** infection, which is a major risk factor for developing **hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)**, a type of liver cancer. Vaccination significantly reduces the incidence of HBV-related liver cancer. - The **Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine** protects against high-risk HPV types, which are responsible for almost all cases of **cervical cancer**, as well as many cases of anal, oropharyngeal, vaginal, and penile cancers. - Both vaccines directly prevent cancer by preventing the viral infections that cause these malignancies. *1 and 4* - The **Hepatitis A vaccine** prevents **Hepatitis A virus (HAV)** infection, which causes acute liver inflammation but is **not associated with chronic liver disease or liver cancer**. - While the **HPV vaccine** indeed prevents cancer, the inclusion of Hepatitis A vaccine makes this option incorrect for cancer prevention. *2 and 3* - The **Hepatitis B vaccine** effectively prevents liver cancer by preventing HBV infection. - The **Hemophilus influenzae B (Hib) vaccine** prevents serious infections caused by *Haemophilus influenzae* type b, such as meningitis and epiglottitis, but it has **no direct role in cancer prevention**. *1 and 2* - The **Hepatitis A vaccine** prevents HAV infection but **does not prevent cancer**. - While the **Hepatitis B vaccine** effectively prevents liver cancer, the inclusion of Hepatitis A vaccine makes this option incomplete for the best representation of cancer prevention interventions.

Question 226: Consider the following statements: Statement-I: While calculating the number of expected pregnancies per year in an area, a correction factor (usually 10%) is added to the expected number of live births in the year in the area. Statement-II: All the pregnancies in the area may not be registered by the health worker in the area. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

A. Statement-II is incorrect but Statement-I is correct.
B. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
C. Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, and Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
D. Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, but Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I. (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, but Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I.*** - Statement-I is correct because a **10% correction factor** is added to expected live births to calculate expected pregnancies in an area. - The **primary reason** for this correction factor is to account for **pregnancy wastage** (spontaneous abortions, induced abortions, stillbirths) that do not result in live births. - Statement-II is also correct as **under-registration of pregnancies** is a real challenge in health surveillance systems. - However, Statement-II does **NOT correctly explain** Statement-I because the correction factor is primarily meant to account for **pregnancy outcomes that don't lead to live births**, not for under-registration issues. - Under-registration would require a different type of adjustment in the surveillance system, not the correction factor applied to convert live births to expected pregnancies. *Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, and Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.* - While both statements are correct, Statement-II is **not the correct explanation** for Statement-I. - The correction factor exists primarily to account for **pregnancy wastage** (miscarriages, abortions, stillbirths), not for under-registration of pregnancies. - Under-registration is a separate data quality issue that affects the accuracy of all health statistics. *Statement-II is incorrect but Statement-I is correct.* - Statement-II is **correct** as incomplete registration of pregnancies is a well-documented challenge in community health programs. - Therefore, this option is incorrect. *Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.* - Statement-II is **correct** as under-registration of pregnancies does occur in health surveillance systems. - Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Forensic Medicine

1 questions

Q221

Exposure to gases is a common hazard in industries. The gases can be classified as simple asphyxiants, chemical asphyxiants and anaesthetic gases. Which among the following are chemical asphyxiating gases ? 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Chloroform 3. Cyanide gas 4. Hydrogen Select the correct answer using the code given below :