UPSC-CMS 2023 — Community Medicine

52 Questions — Page 6 of 6

All Subjects Anatomy (8)Biochemistry (3)Community Medicine (52)Dermatology (1)Forensic Medicine (2)Internal Medicine (29)Microbiology (4)Obstetrics and Gynecology (66)Ophthalmology (2)Orthopaedics (1)Pathology (9)Pediatrics (6)Pharmacology (3)Physiology (10)Psychiatry (1)Radiology (6)Surgery (24)

Q51

Which among the following vaccines best represent interventions that focus on cancer prevention too ? 1. Hepatitis A vaccine 2. Hepatitis B vaccine 3. Hemophilus influenzae B vaccine 4. Human papilloma virus vaccine Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Q52

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: While calculating the number of expected pregnancies per year in an area, a correction factor (usually 10%) is added to the expected number of live births in the year in the area. Statement-II: All the pregnancies in the area may not be registered by the health worker in the area. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

UPSC-CMS 2023 - Community Medicine UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 51: Which among the following vaccines best represent interventions that focus on cancer prevention too ? 1. Hepatitis A vaccine 2. Hepatitis B vaccine 3. Hemophilus influenzae B vaccine 4. Human papilloma virus vaccine Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4 (Correct Answer)
D. 1 and 2

Explanation: ***2 and 4*** - The **Hepatitis B vaccine** prevents **Hepatitis B virus (HBV)** infection, which is a major risk factor for developing **hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)**, a type of liver cancer. Vaccination significantly reduces the incidence of HBV-related liver cancer. - The **Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine** protects against high-risk HPV types, which are responsible for almost all cases of **cervical cancer**, as well as many cases of anal, oropharyngeal, vaginal, and penile cancers. - Both vaccines directly prevent cancer by preventing the viral infections that cause these malignancies. *1 and 4* - The **Hepatitis A vaccine** prevents **Hepatitis A virus (HAV)** infection, which causes acute liver inflammation but is **not associated with chronic liver disease or liver cancer**. - While the **HPV vaccine** indeed prevents cancer, the inclusion of Hepatitis A vaccine makes this option incorrect for cancer prevention. *2 and 3* - The **Hepatitis B vaccine** effectively prevents liver cancer by preventing HBV infection. - The **Hemophilus influenzae B (Hib) vaccine** prevents serious infections caused by *Haemophilus influenzae* type b, such as meningitis and epiglottitis, but it has **no direct role in cancer prevention**. *1 and 2* - The **Hepatitis A vaccine** prevents HAV infection but **does not prevent cancer**. - While the **Hepatitis B vaccine** effectively prevents liver cancer, the inclusion of Hepatitis A vaccine makes this option incomplete for the best representation of cancer prevention interventions.

Question 52: Consider the following statements: Statement-I: While calculating the number of expected pregnancies per year in an area, a correction factor (usually 10%) is added to the expected number of live births in the year in the area. Statement-II: All the pregnancies in the area may not be registered by the health worker in the area. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

A. Statement-II is incorrect but Statement-I is correct.
B. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
C. Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, and Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
D. Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, but Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I. (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, but Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I.*** - Statement-I is correct because a **10% correction factor** is added to expected live births to calculate expected pregnancies in an area. - The **primary reason** for this correction factor is to account for **pregnancy wastage** (spontaneous abortions, induced abortions, stillbirths) that do not result in live births. - Statement-II is also correct as **under-registration of pregnancies** is a real challenge in health surveillance systems. - However, Statement-II does **NOT correctly explain** Statement-I because the correction factor is primarily meant to account for **pregnancy outcomes that don't lead to live births**, not for under-registration issues. - Under-registration would require a different type of adjustment in the surveillance system, not the correction factor applied to convert live births to expected pregnancies. *Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, and Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.* - While both statements are correct, Statement-II is **not the correct explanation** for Statement-I. - The correction factor exists primarily to account for **pregnancy wastage** (miscarriages, abortions, stillbirths), not for under-registration of pregnancies. - Under-registration is a separate data quality issue that affects the accuracy of all health statistics. *Statement-II is incorrect but Statement-I is correct.* - Statement-II is **correct** as incomplete registration of pregnancies is a well-documented challenge in community health programs. - Therefore, this option is incorrect. *Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.* - Statement-II is **correct** as under-registration of pregnancies does occur in health surveillance systems. - Therefore, this option is incorrect.