UPSC-CMS 2022 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Amongst the following, the Pearl Index is highest with

calendar rhythm method. ***calendar rhythm method*** - The **Pearl Index** measures the number of unintended pregnancies per 100 women-years of exposure. A higher Pearl Index signifies a **less effective** contraceptive method. - The calendar rhythm method, due to its reliance on estimations and user adherence, has a significantly higher failure rate compared to other methods, leading to the **highest Pearl Index**. *combined oral contraceptives* - **Combined oral contraceptives** have a relatively low Pearl Index, especially with perfect use, as they are highly effective in preventing ovulation. - Their effectiveness can be reduced by **missed pills** or interactions with certain medications. *barrier contraceptives* - **Barrier methods** like condoms or diaphragms have a moderate Pearl Index, as their effectiveness depends on consistent and correct use. - Breakage or incorrect application can lead to **method failure**. *intrauterine contraceptive devices* - **Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs)**, both hormonal and copper, are among the most effective long-acting reversible contraceptives, resulting in a very low Pearl Index. - Once inserted, they require no daily user action, contributing to their **high efficacy**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: As per the PC & PNDT Act, permission will be given to perform the tests for detection of which of the following?

All of the above. ***All of the above*** - The **PC & PNDT Act** (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994) permits prenatal diagnostic procedures specifically for detection of **chromosomal abnormalities**, **genetic metabolic diseases**, **haemoglobinopathies**, **sex-linked genetic diseases**, and **congenital anomalies** when there are medical indications. - All three conditions listed in the options (**sex-linked genetic diseases**, **chromosomal abnormalities**, and **haemoglobinopathies**) are explicitly mentioned in the Act as permissible reasons for prenatal testing. - The key principle is that these tests must be conducted only for detection of genetic/congenital abnormalities and **not for sex determination**, which is the primary prohibition under the Act. - Therefore, permission will be given for detection of all the conditions mentioned. *Why each individual option alone would be incomplete* - While each of the three conditions (**sex-linked genetic diseases**, **chromosomal abnormalities**, **haemoglobinopathies**) is individually permitted under the Act, selecting any single option would be incomplete. - The Act permits testing for all these categories of genetic disorders, not just one specific type. - This makes "All of the above" the most comprehensive and accurate answer. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In swimming pools, the free residual chlorine required for providing adequate protection against bacterial and viral agents should be

1.0 mg/litre. ***1.0 mg/litre*** - A free residual chlorine concentration of **1.0 mg/litre (or 1 part per million)** is considered the optimal standard for **swimming pool water disinfection** to effectively inactivate bacterial and viral pathogens. - This level ensures adequate disinfectant capacity without causing significant eye or skin irritation to swimmers. *1.5 mg/litre* - While a higher concentration offers stronger disinfection, **1.5 mg/litre** is generally **not the standard recommended optimum** for free residual chlorine in swimming pools as it can lead to increased irritation. - This level might be considered if there's a specific need for boosted disinfection, but it's above the typical desired range for routine maintenance. *0.5 mg/litre* - A free residual chlorine level of **0.5 mg/litre** is often considered the **minimum acceptable level** but may not provide a sufficient safety margin for sustained disinfection, especially in heavily used pools. - It might offer **insufficient protection** against a rapid influx of contaminants or heat-stable pathogens. *2.0 mg/litre* - A free residual chlorine level of **2.0 mg/litre** is typically **too high** for routine swimming pool operation as it can cause significant **eye and skin irritation**, as well as damage to pool equipment. - This concentration is usually reserved for **shock treatment** or when addressing a severe contamination event, not for continuous maintenance. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following will be target population for screening of diabetes?

All of the options. ***All of the options*** - All listed groups—**people over 40 years of age**, **individuals with a family history of diabetes**, and **women who have had a baby weighing more than 4.5 kg**—are considered high-risk populations for developing diabetes. - Screening these groups is a **cost-effective strategy** to identify diabetes early, allowing for timely intervention and prevention of complications. *People over 40 years of age* - **Age** is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, with incidence progressively increasing after 40 due to decreased insulin sensitivity. - Routine screening is recommended by guidelines for adults in this age group, regardless of other risk factors. *People with family history of diabetes* - A **genetic predisposition** plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes, making a family history a strong indicator for increased risk. - Screening is essential for these individuals to detect the condition early, even if they are otherwise asymptomatic. *Women who have had a baby weighing more than 4·5 kg* - Delivering a **large-for-gestational-age infant** (macrosomia) is a strong indicator of prior **gestational diabetes (GDM)**, even if not formally diagnosed at the time. - Women with a history of GDM have a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: With reference to Indian men, who can be categorized as carrying out 'moderate work', what is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of thiamine (in mg/day)?

1.4. ***1.4*** - The **Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of thiamine** for Indian men performing **moderate work** is established at **1.4 mg/day** as per **ICMR 2020 guidelines**. - This recommendation is based on metabolic needs considering average physical activity levels, energy expenditure, and preventing deficiency symptoms. - The RDA ensures adequate thiamine intake for carbohydrate metabolism and nervous system function. *1.2* - This value represents the older RDA from previous ICMR guidelines. - While this was the recommended allowance in earlier versions, the current ICMR 2020 guidelines have updated the requirement to 1.4 mg/day for men with moderate activity. - This lower value may not fully meet the metabolic demands as per current recommendations. *1.8* - This value significantly exceeds the standard RDA for moderate work and might be recommended for individuals with higher energy expenditure or heavy physical activity. - For most Indian men performing moderate work, this intake would be considered higher than necessary. *1.0* - This value is below the recommended allowance for Indian men with moderate work. - This intake would not fully meet the metabolic demands, increasing the risk of suboptimal thiamine status and potential deficiency symptoms over time, especially during periods of increased carbohydrate intake. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Amongst the following, the Pearl Index is highest with

Accepted Answer

calendar rhythm method

Answer

combined oral contraceptives

Answer

barrier contraceptives

Answer

intrauterine contraceptive devices

Question 2

As per the PC & PNDT Act, permission will be given to perform the tests for detection of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Sex-linked genetic diseases

Answer

Chromosomal abnormalities

Answer

Haemoglobinopathies

Question 3

In swimming pools, the free residual chlorine required for providing adequate protection against bacterial and viral agents should be

Accepted Answer

1.0 mg/litre

Answer

1.5 mg/litre

Answer

0.5 mg/litre

Answer

2.0 mg/litre

Question 4

Which of the following will be target population for screening of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

People over 40 years of age

Answer

People with family history of diabetes

Answer

Women who have had a baby weighing more than 4·5 kg

Question 5

With reference to Indian men, who can be categorized as carrying out 'moderate work', what is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of thiamine (in mg/day)?

Accepted Answer

1.4

Answer

1.2

Answer

1.8

Answer

1.0

Question 6

Which of the following is the most fundamental criterion that must be met by a disease before it is to be considered suitable for a screening programme?

1. The natural history of the disease should be adequately understood.
2. No effective treatment should exist for the disease.
3. The disease should not have a recognizable latent or asymptomatic stage.
4. There should be a test that can detect the disease prior to onset of signs and symptoms.

Accepted Answer

1. The natural history of the disease should be adequately understood.

Answer

4. There should be a test that can detect the disease prior to onset of signs and symptoms.

Answer

3. The disease should not have a recognizable latent or asymptomatic stage.

Answer

2. No effective treatment should exist for the disease.

Question 7

As a part of the Universal Immunization Programme in India, the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) given as fractional IPV by intradermal route is first administered at what age?

Accepted Answer

6 weeks

Answer

14 weeks

Answer

9 months

Answer

Birth

Question 8

Consider the following :

1. Intravenous tubes
2. Catheters
3. Gloves
4. Blood bags

Which of the above-mentioned biomedical wastes will be segregated in Red bag as per the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT required for calculating the Human Development Index?

1. Life expectancy at birth
2. Infant mortality rate
3. Gross national income per capita
4. Mean years of schooling

Accepted Answer

Infant mortality rate

Answer

Gross national income per capita

Answer

Life expectancy at birth

Answer

Mean years of schooling

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the Open Vial Policy, 2015 are correct?

1. It applies only for DPT, TT, Hepatitis B, OPV and Liquid Pentavalent vaccine.
2. Vaccine vials opened in session-site can be used again provided a vaccine vial monitor has not reached the discard point.
3. Open vial should never be submerged in water.
4. Open vials of BCG, Measles and JE should be preserved till the next immunization session.

Accepted Answer

2. Vaccine vials opened in session-site can be used again provided a vaccine vial monitor has not reached the discard point.

Answer

4. Open vials of BCG, Measles and JE should be preserved till the next immunization session.

Answer

3. Open vial should never be submerged in water.

Answer

1. It applies only for DPT, TT, Hepatitis B, OPV and Liquid Pentavalent vaccine.

UPSC-CMS 2022 — Community Medicine