NEET-PG 2023 — Ophthalmology
4 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations
Esotropia is commonly seen in which type of refractive error?
What is the dye and filter used to diagnose corneal ulcers?
Which of the following ocular findings is not associated with diabetes?
In a child presenting unilateral watering and photophobia which of the following is the least likely disorder?
NEET-PG 2023 - Ophthalmology NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1: Esotropia is commonly seen in which type of refractive error?
- A. Myopia
- B. Hypermetropia (Correct Answer)
- C. Astigmatism
- D. Presbyopia
Explanation: ***Hypermetropia*** - **Esotropia**, or convergent strabismus, is commonly associated with **uncorrected hypermetropia**, especially in children. - The constant effort to **accommodate** to see clearly for hypermetropic individuals can lead to excessive convergence, causing the eye to turn inward. *Myopia* - Myopia, or **nearsightedness**, rarely causes esotropia. - In some cases, high myopia can be associated with **exotropia** (divergent strabismus) due to reduced accommodative effort. *Astigmatism* - **Astigmatism** causes blurry vision at all distances due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, but it is not directly linked to specific forms of strabismus like esotropia or exotropia. - While it can contribute to **amblyopia** if severe and uncorrected, it does not typically cause the eyes to turn inward. *Presbyopia* - **Presbyopia** is an age-related loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects due to stiffening of the lens. - It affects accommodation but does not cause strabismus such as esotropia; it typically begins around age 40.
Question 2: What is the dye and filter used to diagnose corneal ulcers?
- A. Lissamine green dye - visualized under green filter
- B. Lissamine blue dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter
- C. Fluorescein dye - visualized under green filter
- D. Fluorescein dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Fluorescein dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter*** - **Fluorescein dye** is applied to the eye, and it stains areas of **epithelial defects**, such as those found in corneal ulcers, appearing bright green. - The **cobalt blue filter** enhances the visibility and fluorescence of the stained areas, making corneal ulcers clearly discernible. *Lissamine green dye - visualized under green filter* - **Lissamine green** is used to identify **devitalized cells** and **mucous filaments** on the ocular surface, rather than primary corneal epithelial defects. - It is visualized under **white light or red-free filter**, not a green filter, and is less suitable for diagnosing corneal ulcers directly. *Lissamine blue dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter* - This option refers to a non-existent dye combination for routine corneal ulcer diagnosis. **Lissamine blue** is not a standard ophthalmic dye for this purpose. - While a cobalt blue filter is used with fluorescein, it is not paired with a "Lissamine blue dye." *Fluorescein dye - visualized under green filter* - **Fluorescein dye** is indeed the correct dye for diagnosing corneal ulcers by staining epithelial defects. - However, it is visualized under a **cobalt blue filter**, not a green filter, to maximize fluorescence and contrast.
Question 3: Which of the following ocular findings is not associated with diabetes?
- A. Retinopathy
- B. Early senile cataract
- C. Neovascular glaucoma
- D. Blepharophimosis (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Blepharophimosis*** - This is a **congenital disorder** characterized by small palpebral fissures, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus, which is **not associated with diabetes**. - It is a **developmental anomaly** of the eyelids, with no known link to metabolic conditions like diabetes. *Retinopathy* - **Diabetic retinopathy** is a common and serious complication of diabetes, caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. - It can lead to vision loss if not managed, and is directly linked to **poor glycemic control**. *Early senile cataract* - Diabetes is a significant risk factor for the **earlier development and progression of cataracts**, including senile cataracts. - High blood sugar levels can cause changes in the lens, leading to **opacification** and impaired vision. *Neovascular glaucoma* - This severe form of **secondary glaucoma** is often a complication of advanced **diabetic retinopathy**. - Ischemia in the retina triggers the growth of **new blood vessels** on the iris and in the angle of the eye, obstructing aqueous outflow and raising intraocular pressure.
Question 4: In a child presenting unilateral watering and photophobia which of the following is the least likely disorder?
- A. Congenital entropion
- B. Congenital glaucoma
- C. Congenital NLDO (Correct Answer)
- D. Congenital dacryocystitis
Explanation: **Congenital NLDO** - **Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)** typically presents with **unilateral watering** (epiphora) due to blockage of tear drainage. - While it causes watering, **photophobia** is not a characteristic symptom of isolated NLDO, making it less likely given the combined presentation. *Congenital entropion* - **Congenital entropion** involves the inward turning of the eyelid margin, causing eyelashes to rub against the cornea. - This irritation can lead to **unilateral watering** and **photophobia** due to corneal abrasion and discomfort. *Congenital glaucoma* - **Congenital glaucoma** is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, which can cause corneal edema and stretching. - These changes commonly result in **unilateral watering** (epiphora) and marked **photophobia**, often accompanied by **buphthalmos** (enlarged eye). *Congenital dacryocystitis* - **Congenital dacryocystitis** is an infection of the lacrimal sac, often secondary to NLDO. - It presents with **unilateral watering**, discharge, and inflammation of the lacrimal sac, and the associated irritation can induce **photophobia**.