NEET-PG 2020 Practice Questions

Q: What is the major source of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)?

Animal-only diet. ***Animal-only diet*** - **Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)** is primarily found in **animal products** such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy. - It is synthesized by microorganisms and accumulates in animal tissues, making animal-derived foods the most reliable dietary source for humans. *Sunlight* - **Sunlight** is the primary source of **vitamin D** synthesis in the skin, not vitamin B12. - Exposure to UV radiation from the sun does not contribute to the production or uptake of cyanocobalamin. *Plant-only diet* - A **plant-only diet (vegan diet)** is deficient in naturally occurring **vitamin B12**, as plants do not synthesize this vitamin. - Vegans often require **fortified foods** or **supplements** to meet their B12 needs. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because an **animal-only diet** is identified as a major source of cyanocobalamin. - The question has a correct answer among the provided choices.

Q: Replacing alanine by which amino acid, will increase UV absorbance of protein at 280 nm wavelength?

Tryptophan. ***Tryptophan*** - **Tryptophan** contains an **indole ring**, which is a **chromophore** that strongly absorbs UV light at 280 nm. - Increased tryptophan content in a protein directly correlates with a higher **UV absorbance** at this wavelength. *Glycine* - **Glycine** is the simplest amino acid, with only a **hydrogen atom** as its side chain. - It does not contain any aromatic rings or other groups that absorb UV light at 280 nm, so replacing alanine with glycine would not increase UV absorbance. *Arginine* - **Arginine** is a basic amino acid with a **guanidinium group** in its side chain. - While it has a slightly complex side chain, it does not possess any **aromatic rings** that absorb significantly at 280 nm. *Lysine* - **Lysine** is another basic amino acid with a long **aliphatic chain** and an **amino group** at the end. - Similar to arginine, lysine lacks the necessary **aromatic chromophores** to contribute to UV absorbance at 280 nm.

Q: According to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - 'Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages', what is the target for reducing the global maternal mortality ratio by 2030?

70. ***70*** - SDG 3 aims to reduce the **global maternal mortality ratio** to less than **70 per 100,000 live births** by 2030. - This target emphasizes improving maternal health outcomes worldwide and preventing deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth. *100* - While a reduction is sought, a target of 100 per 100,000 live births is **not ambitious enough** to meet the specific goal set by SDG 3. - The established global target is lower, reflecting a greater commitment to maternal health. *50* - A target of 50 per 100,000 live births would be **more ambitious** than the SDG 3 goal. - While desirable, it is not the specific, agreed-upon target for the global average under SDG 3. *90* - A target of 90 per 100,000 live births is **higher** than the established SDG 3 goal. - This value does not align with the specific global maternal mortality ratio target set for 2030.

Q: Which of the following test shows yellow needle shaped crystals of spermine picrate?

Barberio's test. ***Barberio's test*** - Barberio's test is a **presumptive test for semen**, which detects the presence of **spermine**. - It yields characteristic **yellow, needle-shaped crystals** of **spermine picrate** upon the addition of picric acid reagent to semen. - This is the **classic finding** that distinguishes this test. *Florence test* - The Florence test is a **presumptive test for seminal fluid**, identifying the presence of **choline** and **spermine**. - It produces characteristic **dark-brown, rhombic or needle-shaped crystals** of **choline periodide** (not spermine picrate) when seminal fluid is tested with Florence's reagent (potassium iodide and iodine). *Teichmann test* - The Teichmann test is a **presumptive test for blood**, specifically detecting the presence of **hemoglobin**. - It forms characteristic **rhombic crystals of hemin (hematin hydrochloride)** when blood is heated with glacial acetic acid and a halide salt. *Takayama's test* - Takayama's test is also a **presumptive test for blood**, identifying **hemoglobin**. - It produces **pink, pyridine hemochromogen crystals** after adding a solution containing pyridine, glucose, and dilute sodium hydroxide to a bloodstain.

Q: In a child who has been raped, the hymen:

May be perforated due to trauma.. ***May be perforated due to trauma.*** - The **hymen is a delicate membrane** that can be easily torn or perforated during sexual assault, especially with forceful penetration. - While hymenal tears are a strong indicator of sexual abuse, a lack of tears does not definitively rule out assault, as the hymen can be **elastic or already have natural openings**. *May be perforated if it were superficial.* - The **depth or superficiality of the hymen** is not the primary determinant of whether it will perforate during rape. - The force and nature of penile or foreign object penetration are more significant factors than its anatomical position for perforation. *Will be intact due to its anatomical position.* - The **hymen's anatomical position near the vaginal opening** makes it vulnerable to physical trauma during sexual assault. - Due to its delicate nature, it is often among the first structures to show signs of injury from forced penetration. *Will be intact because it is deep situated* - The hymen is typically located at the **entrance of the vagina**, not deep within it, making it susceptible to injury during sexual penetration. - Its relative position means it is frequently affected by trauma associated with rape, rather than being protected by depth.

Q: Frontal gyrus lesion leads to?

Broca's aphasia. ***Broca's aphasia*** - A lesion in the **frontal gyrus**, specifically **Broca's area** (Brodmann areas 44 and 45), leads to Broca's aphasia [1]. - This condition is characterized by **non-fluent speech**, difficulty with articulation, and telegraphic sentences, while comprehension remains relatively intact [1]. *Nominal aphasia* - This is also known as **anomic aphasia**, characterized primarily by difficulty with **word finding** (naming objects). - It results from lesions in various cortical areas, but typically not isolated to Broca's area in the frontal gyrus. *Akinetic mutism* - This condition involves a state of **unresponsiveness** where the patient is awake but does not move or speak. - It usually results from lesions in the **cingulate gyrus**, basal ganglia, or medial frontal lobes, often bilateral, not typically a solitary frontal gyrus lesion. *Wernicke's aphasia* - Wernicke's aphasia results from damage to **Wernicke's area**, located in the **posterior superior temporal gyrus** [1]. - It is characterized by **fluent but nonsensical speech** with impaired comprehension [1].

Q: Transplantation between identical twins-

Isograft. ***Isograft*** - An **isograft** refers to a transplant between **genetically identical individuals**, such as identical twins, thus minimizing immune rejection [1]. - Due to the identical genetic makeup, the recipient's immune system will not recognize the transplanted tissue as foreign, making **immunosuppression unnecessary** [1]. *Xenograft* - A **xenograft** involves transplantation of tissues or organs between **different species**, for example, from a pig to a human. - These grafts typically face severe and rapid **immune rejection** due to significant genetic differences between the donor and recipient species. *Autograft* - An **autograft** is a transplant of tissue from **one part of an individual's body to another part of the same individual**. - This type of graft has no risk of rejection as the tissue is genetically identical to the recipient's own tissue [2]. *Allograft* - An **allograft** is a transplant between **genetically non-identical individuals of the same species**, such as between two non-twin humans. - These grafts always require **immunosuppressive therapy** to prevent rejection due to genetic differences, though rejection rates vary based on HLA matching [1].

Q: A newborn baby presented with a failure to pass meconium in the immediate postnatal period. The pediatrician also notices visible yet ineffective peristalsis, and abdominal distention. A radiological contrast enema demonstrated a narrow conical segment and a dilated proximal bowel. A diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease was made. Which of the following is a cause of the condition in the patient?

Failure of migration of neural crest cells. ***Failure of migration of neural crest cells*** - Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the **absence of ganglion cells** (specifically **Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses**) in the distal bowel. - This aganglionosis results from the **failure of neural crest cells to migrate** completely into the intestinal wall during embryonic development. *Persistence of embryonic structures in the bowel wall* - This mechanism is associated with conditions like **Meckel's diverticulum**, where a remnant of the **vitelline duct** persists. - It does not explain the absence of ganglion cells or the functional obstruction seen in Hirschsprung disease. *Congenital obstruction due to external factors* - This would involve conditions such as an **annular pancreas**, **bands**, or **malrotation with volvulus**, creating a physical barrier. - Hirschsprung disease is a **functional obstruction** due to neuromuscular dysfunction, not an external compression or blockage. *Abnormal peristalsis due to neural dysfunction* - While there is abnormal peristalsis, the underlying cause is not just **"neural dysfunction"** in a general sense, but specifically the **absence of entire ganglion cell plexuses** within the bowel wall. - This option is too broad and doesn't pinpoint the precise developmental defect.

Q: Which of the following is a technique based on behavior sciences methods?

Management by objective. ***Management by objective*** - **Management by objective (MBO)** is a strategic management model that aims to improve organizational performance by clearly defining **objectives** that are agreed to by both management and employees. - It is based on **behavioral science principles** because it emphasizes employee participation, motivation, and goal setting to achieve desired outcomes. *Systems analysis* - **Systems analysis** is a problem-solving technique that involves breaking down a complex system into its component parts to study how they interact. - It is primarily an engineering and computer science discipline, focused on **optimizing processes** and **information flow**, rather than explicit behavioral methods. *Decision making* - **Decision making** is a cognitive process of selecting a course of action from various alternatives. - While influenced by human behavior, it is a broad concept that encompasses various analytical and intuitive approaches, and is not solely a behavior sciences method. *Network analysis* - **Network analysis** is a method for visualizing and analyzing interconnected nodes (e.g., people, organizations) and their relationships. - It is often used in **sociology, epidemiology, and computer science** to understand structures and interactions, but it is not inherently a technique based on behavioral sciences methods in the same way MBO is.

Question 1

What is the major source of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)?

Accepted Answer

Animal-only diet

Answer

Sunlight

Answer

Plant-only diet

Answer

None of the options

Question 2

Replacing alanine by which amino acid, will increase UV absorbance of protein at 280 nm wavelength?

Accepted Answer

Tryptophan

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Arginine

Answer

Lysine

Question 3

According to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - 'Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages', what is the target for reducing the global maternal mortality ratio by 2030?

Accepted Answer

70

Answer

100

Answer

50

Answer

90

Question 4

Which of the following test shows yellow needle shaped crystals of spermine picrate?

Accepted Answer

Barberio's test

Answer

Florence test

Answer

Teichmann test

Answer

Takayama's test

Question 5

In a child who has been raped, the hymen:

Accepted Answer

May be perforated due to trauma.

Answer

May be perforated if it were superficial.

Answer

Will be intact due to its anatomical position.

Answer

Will be intact because it is deep situated

Question 6

Frontal gyrus lesion leads to?

Accepted Answer

Broca's aphasia

Answer

Nominal aphasia

Answer

Akinetic mutism

Answer

Wernicke's aphasia

Question 7

Transplantation between identical twins-

Accepted Answer

Isograft

Answer

Xenograft

Answer

Autograft

Answer

Allograft

Question 8

24 yr old mother with 7 week POG presents to ANC OPD with accidental low-dose radiation exposure. What is the most appropriate immediate management?

Accepted Answer

Reassure and continue pregnancy

Answer

Perform detailed fetal anomaly scan

Answer

Advise medical termination of pregnancy

Answer

Advise genetic counseling and testing

Question 9

A newborn baby presented with a failure to pass meconium in the immediate postnatal period. The pediatrician also notices visible yet ineffective peristalsis, and abdominal distention. A radiological contrast enema demonstrated a narrow conical segment and a dilated proximal bowel. A diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease was made. Which of the following is a cause of the condition in the patient?

Accepted Answer

Failure of migration of neural crest cells

Answer

Persistence of embryonic structures in the bowel wall

Answer

Congenital obstruction due to external factors

Answer

Abnormal peristalsis due to neural dysfunction

Question 10

Which of the following is a technique based on behavior sciences methods?

Accepted Answer

Management by objective

Answer

Systems analysis

Answer

Decision making

Answer

Network analysis

NEET-PG 2020

Biochemistry

Community Medicine

Forensic Medicine

Internal Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Pediatrics

Psychiatry