Which of the following is not a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?
What does Pica refer to?
Which of the following diseases has the maximum Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) loss?
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
What type of therapy is desensitization commonly classified as?
Which of the following is a first-line treatment for bipolar affective (manic-depressive) disorder:
What does the term 'etheromania' refer to?
Which of the following is a recognized type of anxiety disorder?
Derealization and depersonalization are symptoms of which type of disorder?
Which of the following is not associated with subcortical dementia?
NEET-PG 2012 - Psychiatry NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 11: Which of the following is not a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?
- A. Prone to fantasy
- B. Introspective
- C. Aloof & detached
- D. Suspicious (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Suspicious*** - **Suspiciousness** and mistrust of others are core features of **paranoid personality disorder**, not schizoid personality disorder. - Individuals with schizoid personality disorder are typically apathetic towards others rather than actively distrustful. *Aloof & detached* - Individuals with schizoid personality disorder are characterized by a pervasive pattern of **detachment from social relationships** and a restricted range of emotional expression. - They often appear emotionally cold and indifferent to praise or criticism, indicating their aloof nature. *Prone to fantasy* - People with schizoid personality disorder frequently engage in **excessive daydreaming** and imaginative fantasy as an escape from reality. - This tendency is a coping mechanism for their limited social interaction and emotional expression. *Introspective* - Schizoid individuals tend to be **preoccupied with their inner world** and thoughts, often to the exclusion of external social interactions. - Their introspective nature contributes to their social withdrawal and isolation.
Question 12: What does Pica refer to?
- A. Ice sucking
- B. Thumb sucking
- C. An appetite for non-nutritive substances (Correct Answer)
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***An appetite for non-nutritive substances*** - Pica is an eating disorder characterized by a persistent and compulsive craving for and consumption of **non-nutritive, non-food substances** for at least one month. - Common ingested substances include **dirt, clay, ice, hair, paint chips, and laundry starch**, often associated with **nutritional deficiencies** like iron deficiency anemia or **developmental disabilities**. *Ice sucking* - While **pagophagia (ice craving)** is a specific form of Pica, it represents only one manifestation and not the overarching definition of the disorder. - Isolated ice sucking can sometimes be a sign of **iron deficiency anemia**. *Thumb sucking* - **Thumb sucking** is a common habit, especially in infants and young children, typically associated with self-soothing and comfort. - It is not considered an eating disorder and does not involve the consumption of non-nutritive substances. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because "An appetite for non-nutritive substances" accurately defines Pica.
Question 13: Which of the following diseases has the maximum Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) loss?
- A. Schizophrenia (Mental Disorder)
- B. Bipolar depression (Bipolar Disorder)
- C. Mania (Bipolar Disorder Episode)
- D. Unipolar depression (Major Depressive Disorder) (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Unipolar depression (Major Depressive Disorder)*** - **Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)** is considered a leading cause of **disability worldwide**, contributing significantly to DALYs due to its high prevalence, chronicity, and disabling nature. - The long-term impact on daily functioning, productivity, and overall quality of life makes it the mental disorder with the largest burden of disease. *Schizophrenia (Mental Disorder)* - While **schizophrenia** causes severe disability and is highly impactful on individuals and society, its prevalence is lower than that of unipolar depression. - The DALY burden for schizophrenia is substantial, but **unipolar depression** affects a much larger proportion of the global population. *Bipolar depression (Bipolar Disorder)* - **Bipolar disorder (depressive episodes)** also contributes significantly to disability, but it is less prevalent than unipolar depression. - Although the depressive phases are often more severe than unipolar depression, the overall DALYs are lower due to its **comparatively lower incidence**. *Mania (Bipolar Disorder Episode)* - **Mania**, a component of bipolar disorder, can cause significant impairment during an episode but is typically **episodic** and less frequent than depressive states in bipolar disorder. - The DALYs attributed to manic episodes alone are generally lower than the overall burden of persistent depressive states found in unipolar depression.
Question 14: Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
- A. Hallucination
- B. Delusion
- C. Motor hyperactivity
- D. Alogia (poverty of speech) (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Alogia (poverty of speech)*** - **Alogia** refers to a reduction in the **fluency and productivity of speech**, which is a classic **negative symptom** of schizophrenia indicating a *loss* or *absence* of normal functions. - Negative symptoms are characterized by deficits in normal emotional responses or other thought processes. *Hallucination* - **Hallucinations** are perceptual experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus, most commonly **auditory** in schizophrenia. - They are considered **positive symptoms** because they represent an *addition* or *distortion* of normal functions. *Delusion* - A **delusion** is a fixed, false belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence, such as **persecutory** or **grandiose delusions**. - Delusions are also categorized as **positive symptoms** as they involve an *exaggeration* or *distortion* of normal thought content. *Motor hyperactivity* - **Motor hyperactivity** involves excessive or uncontrolled body movements and is not a typical symptom of schizophrenia. - While schizophrenia can involve **psychomotor agitation**, this is distinct from generalized hyperactivity and is not a core negative symptom.
Question 15: What type of therapy is desensitization commonly classified as?
- A. Psychotherapy
- B. Psychoanalysis
- C. Behavioral therapy (Correct Answer)
- D. Not applicable
Explanation: ***Behavioral therapy*** - Desensitization techniques, such as **systematic desensitization**, are a cornerstone of **behavioral therapy** due to their focus on changing learned dysfunctional responses. - This approach aims to reduce anxiety or phobic reactions by gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli in a controlled manner. *Psychotherapy* - This is a very **broad category** that encompasses many types of talking therapies, including behavioral therapy. - While desensitization is a *type* of psychotherapy, **behavioral therapy** is a more specific and accurate classification. *Psychoanalysis* - This therapeutic approach, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on uncovering **unconscious conflicts** and past experiences, often through techniques like **free association** and dream analysis. - Desensitization does not primarily deal with unconscious drives or early childhood experiences as its core mechanism. *Not applicable* - This option is incorrect because desensitization is a well-established and recognized therapeutic technique that fits within a standard classification of psychotherapies. - It clearly has a defined application and theoretical framework.
Question 16: Which of the following is a first-line treatment for bipolar affective (manic-depressive) disorder:
- A. Chlorpromazine
- B. Haloperidol
- C. Diazepam
- D. Lithium carbonate (Correct Answer)
Explanation: **Lithium carbonate** - **Lithium** is a well-established and highly effective **mood stabilizer**, considered a first-line treatment for managing both **manic** and **depressive episodes** in bipolar disorder. - It helps prevent recurrent episodes and reduces the severity of mood swings, acting as a prophylactic agent. *Chlorpromazine* - **Chlorpromazine** is a **first-generation antipsychotic** that is primarily used to treat **schizophrenia** and other psychotic disorders. - While it can be used acutely to manage severe manic agitation, it is not a first-line agent for the long-term mood stabilization characteristic of bipolar disorder. *Haloperidol* - **Haloperidol** is another **first-generation antipsychotic** often used for acute treatment of **psychotic symptoms** or severe agitation, including in mania. - It is not a primary long-term mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder due to its side effect profile and lack of efficacy in preventing future mood episodes compared to lithium. *Diazepam* - **Diazepam** is a **benzodiazepine** primarily used for treating **anxiety**, muscle spasms, and acute seizures. - While it can help manage acute agitation and insomnia during a manic episode, it does not have mood-stabilizing properties and is not a long-term treatment for bipolar disorder.
Question 17: What does the term 'etheromania' refer to?
- A. Ether addiction (Correct Answer)
- B. Acute psychosis following ether anesthesia
- C. Excessive use of ether as an anesthetic
- D. Delirium tremens from ether withdrawal
Explanation: ***Ether addiction*** - **Etheromania** specifically refers to the compulsive use and dependence on **ether** for its psychoactive effects. - This term was historically used to describe individuals who developed a significant **addiction** to ether. - The suffix "-mania" in psychiatric terminology often denotes an obsessive or compulsive behavior pattern related to a specific substance. *Acute psychosis following ether anesthesia* - While ether anesthesia can sometimes lead to transient psychomotor agitation or emergence delirium, **acute psychosis** is not the primary definition of etheromania. - Etheromania describes a long-term pattern of **addictive behavior**, not an acute post-anesthesia complication. *Excessive use of ether as an anesthetic* - This describes a medical application of ether, albeit potentially misused, but does not primarily denote the **addictive state** of the person using it. - **Etheromania** focuses on the individual's psychological and physiological dependence, not merely the quantity used for medical purposes. *Delirium tremens from ether withdrawal* - Delirium tremens is specifically associated with **alcohol withdrawal**, not ether withdrawal. - While ether withdrawal can cause symptoms, the term **etheromania** refers to the addiction itself, not withdrawal complications.
Question 18: Which of the following is a recognized type of anxiety disorder?
- A. Bipolar Disorder
- B. Major Depressive Disorder
- C. Schizophrenia
- D. Panic Disorder (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Panic Disorder*** - **Panic disorder** is a recognized **anxiety disorder** characterized by recurrent unexpected **panic attacks** - sudden episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, and trembling. - It involves persistent worry about having more attacks (anticipatory anxiety) and maladaptive behavioral changes to avoid situations where attacks might occur. - Classified under **Anxiety Disorders** in DSM-5 and ICD-11. *Major Depressive Disorder* - **Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)** is a **mood disorder**, not an anxiety disorder. - Characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia), changes in appetite/sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and potential suicidal ideation. - Classified under **Depressive Disorders** in DSM-5, distinct from anxiety disorders, though anxiety symptoms may co-occur. *Bipolar Disorder* - **Bipolar disorder** is a **mood disorder**, not an anxiety disorder. - Characterized by significant mood swings including episodes of mania/hypomania (elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with increased energy) and depression. - Classified under **Bipolar and Related Disorders** in DSM-5, distinct from anxiety disorders. *Schizophrenia* - **Schizophrenia** is a **psychotic disorder**, not an anxiety disorder. - Characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotions, and behavior, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms. - Classified under **Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders** in DSM-5, distinct from anxiety disorders.
Question 19: Derealization and depersonalization are symptoms of which type of disorder?
- A. Dissociative disorder (Correct Answer)
- B. Personality disorders
- C. Mania
- D. Anxiety disorders
Explanation: ***Dissociative disorder*** - **Derealization** involves experiencing the outside world as unreal or dreamlike - **Depersonalization** is the experience of feeling detached from one's own body or mental processes - These are hallmark symptoms of **dissociative disorders**, specifically depersonalization-derealization disorder in DSM-5 *Personality disorders* - Characterized by enduring, maladaptive patterns of inner experience and behavior - While some personality disorders (e.g., **borderline personality disorder**) may display transient dissociative symptoms under stress, derealization and depersonalization are not core diagnostic features *Mania* - A state of abnormally elevated mood and energy, involving **racing thoughts**, **decreased need for sleep**, and **impulsive behavior** - Does not typically involve consistent derealization or depersonalization as core features *Anxiety disorders* - Depersonalization can occur transiently during **panic attacks** or severe anxiety - However, when derealization and depersonalization are the primary, persistent symptoms, they indicate a **dissociative disorder** rather than an anxiety disorder
Question 20: Which of the following is not associated with subcortical dementia?
- A. Wilson's disease
- B. Alzheimer's disease (Correct Answer)
- C. Huntington's chorea
- D. Parkinsonism
Explanation: ***Alzheimer's disease*** - Alzheimer's disease is primarily a **cortical dementia**, characterized by global cognitive decline, specifically affecting memory, language, and executive functions. - It involves the accumulation of **amyloid plaques** and **neurofibrillary tangles** predominantly in the cerebral cortex. *Parkinsonism* - Parkinsonism, particularly Parkinson's disease dementia, is a common cause of **subcortical dementia**. - It presents with prominent **motor symptoms** (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor) along with cognitive impairment affecting executive function and attention. *Wilson's disease* - Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder leading to **copper accumulation**, which can cause significant damage to the basal ganglia and other subcortical structures. - This often results in a **subcortical dementia** characterized by motor symptoms, psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. *Huntington's chorea* - Huntington's chorea is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder primarily affecting the **basal ganglia**, a key subcortical structure. - It is a classic example of **subcortical dementia**, presenting with characteristic choreiform movements, psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive impairment.