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FMGE 2009 — Biochemistry

Q: Western blot is used for:

Proteins. ***Proteins*** - **Western blot** (also known as protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to **detect specific proteins** in a given sample. - It involves separating proteins by size using gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and then detecting the protein of interest using specific **antibodies**. *RNA* - The technique used to detect RNA is called **Northern blot**, which involves separating RNA fragments by size and then detecting specific RNA sequences using nucleic acid probes. - While both Northern and Western blots involve electrophoresis and transfer to a membrane, the target molecule is different. *Maternal DNA* - Detection of specific DNA sequences, including maternal DNA or fetal DNA, is typically performed using techniques like **Southern blot** or, more commonly now, **PCR-based methods** and **next-generation sequencing**. - Maternal DNA itself is not the specific target of a Western blot; proteins derived from any source of DNA, maternal or otherwise, would be the target. *DNA* - The technique primarily used for the detection of specific DNA sequences is **Southern blot**, which involves separating DNA fragments by size and using labeled probes to identify target sequences. - Western blot is fundamentally designed for protein analysis, relying on antibody-antigen recognition rather than DNA hybridization. [Practice more Biochemistry PYQs on OnCourse]

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Western blot is used for: