A 72-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance because she was unable to walk. She says that she cut her leg while falling about a week ago. Since then, the wound has started draining fluid and become progressively more painful. She is found to have necrotizing fasciitis and is taken emergently to the operating room. Histological examination of cells along the fascial planes reveal cells undergoing necrosis. Which of the following represents the earliest sign that a cell has progressed to irreversible damage in this patient?

Condensation of DNA into a basophilic mass

Membrane blebbing from organelles

Chromatin dissolution and disappearance

Ribosomal detachment from the endoplasmic reticulum

A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician a week after noticing a lump in her left breast. Three months ago, she was discharged from the hospital after treatment of multiple injuries sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Her only medication is an oral contraceptive. Her mother died of ovarian cancer. Examination shows a 2.5-cm, nontender mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Mammography shows a circumscribed radiolucent lesion with a rim of peripheral calcification. A photomicrograph of tissue from a biopsy of the mass is shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the breast swelling?

Release of cytoplasmic triglycerides

Obstruction of lactiferous ducts

Stimulation of estrogen receptors

Thrombophlebitis of subcutaneous veins

Decreased antithrombin III activity

Posterior dislocation of the hip

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Pleomorphic cells surrounding areas of comedonecrosis

Disordered glandular cells invading the ductal basement membrane

Extensive lymphocytic infiltrate

Orderly rows of cells surrounding lobules

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