Psychotic Disorders — Flashcards
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Broca's aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia
global aphasia
olfaction
GABA
Which dopamine receptor is associated with the direct pathway of the basal ganglia?
What neurotransmitter is most associated with the basal ganglia?
chorea
A terminally ill patient requests assistance ending their life.
Give four common types of sexual dysfunction disorders.
Psychotic Disorders US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Psychotic Disorders with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Psychotic Disorders Flashcard Deck - 331 Cards
Flashcard 1: Broca's aphasia
Answer: damage to inferior frontal gyrus of dominant frontal lobe
Extra: nonfluent speech, intact comprehension mnemonic: Broca's Broken Boca
Flashcard 2: Wernicke's aphasia
Answer:
Extra: fluent but nonsensical speech, impaired comprehension mnemonic: Wernicke's Wordy Widdershins (widdershins is nonsense in this context) superior temporal gyrus of dominant temporal lobe
Flashcard 3: global aphasia
Answer: damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas (dominant frontal and temporal lobes)
Extra: nonfluent speech, impaired comprehension
Flashcard 4: olfaction
Answer: limbic system
Flashcard 5: GABA
Answer: nucleus accumbens
Flashcard 6: Which dopamine receptor is associated with the direct pathway of the basal ganglia?
Answer: D1 mnemonic: D1rect
Flashcard 7: What neurotransmitter is most associated with the basal ganglia?
Answer: dopamine
Flashcard 8: chorea
Answer: sudden, jerky, purposeless, "dance-like" movements which appear to flow along muscle groups
Flashcard 9: A terminally ill patient requests assistance ending their life.
Answer: Physician must refuse involvement in most states. May however prescribe medically appropriate analgesics that coincidentally shorten life.
Flashcard 10: Give four common types of sexual dysfunction disorders.
Answer: 1. Desire disorder (e.g. sexual aversion) 2. Arousal disorder (e.g. erectile dysfunction) 3. Orgasmic disorder (e.g. anorgasmia) 4. Pain disorder (e.g. vaginismus)
Flashcard 11: When can the principle of beneficence trump respect for patient autonomy?
Answer: When patient "competence" is compromised (e.g. drugs, psychosis, severe retardation) Otherwise, automony usually takes precedence.
Flashcard 12: Autism spectrum disorder rarely is accompanied by unusual abilities (_____)
Answer: savants
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with β-blockers, benzodiazepines, and benztropine? _____
Answer: Akathisia
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by decreased intellectual function without affecting level of consciousness? _____
Answer: Dementia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 15: Benzodiazepines are useful for treating _____ and sleepwalking by decreasing N3 and REM sleep
Answer: night terrors
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-physiology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: _____ amnesia is the inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult
Answer: Retrograde
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/memory-dissociation-and-orientation?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: Between malingering, factitious, and somatic symptom disorders; in which disease are symptoms intentional, motivation unconscious? _____
Answer: Factitious
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki Desire to assume the sick role
Flashcard 18: _____ is usually secondary to other illness (e.g. CNS disease, infection, trauma, substance abuse/withdrawal, metabolic disturbances, hemorrhage, urinary/fecal retention)
Answer: Delirium
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/memory-dissociation-and-orientation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: The symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be remembered with the mnemonic "Malignant FEVER": M: _____ F: Fever E: Encephalopathy (altered mental status) V: unstable Vitals (autonomic instability) E: increased Enzymes (e.g. CK) R: muscle Rigidity
Answer: Myoglobinuria
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/catatonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: _____ is defined as decreased cognitive ability, memory, or function with intact consciousness
Answer: Dementia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 21: The seizures of alcohol withdrawal usually occur _____ to _____ hours after the last drink
Answer: 6
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: Long-term infant deprivation of affection may result in _____ disorder (infant indiscriminately attaches to strangers)
Answer: disinhibited social engagement
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Between malingering, factitious, and somatic symptom disorders; in which disease are symptoms intentional, motivation intentional? _____
Answer: Malingering
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: Familial cases of Alzheimer disease (10%) are characterized by a(n) _____ age of onset (relative to sporadic cases)
Answer: earlier
Extra: Watch Alzheimer Disease & Dementia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-neurodegenerative-alzheimer-disease-and-dementia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 25: Conversion (functional neurological symptom) disorder is more common in _____, adolescents, and young adults
Answer: females
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: In cognitive testing; providing name, location, & current date would test the patients _____
Answer: orientation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are _____ likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
Answer: less
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki (especially with riserpidone - whisper from one room to another)
Flashcard 28: Acute dystonia can lead to _____, requiring intubation
Answer: laryngospasm
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: What abnormal movement is associated with serotonin syndrome? _____
Answer: Clonus
Extra: Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/catatonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: What trinucleotide repeat disorder is associated with autism? _____
Answer: Fragile X syndrome
Extra: Watch Fragile X Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics/videos/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics-trinucleotide-repeat-diseases-fragile-x-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/high-yield-genetic-disorders?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Brief psychotic disorder is usually _____ related
Answer: stress
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/psychotic-and-mood-disorders?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with reserpine, tetrabenazine, or a switch to an atypical antipsychotic? _____
Answer: Tardive Dyskinesia
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Non-pharmacological treatment for Tourette's syndrome includes _____ and behavioral therapy
Answer: psychoeducation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: Huntington disease is characterized by _____ dopamine
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 35: A(n) _____ disorder is an inflexible, maladaptive, and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired functioning
Answer: personality
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/personality-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/personality-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Dissociative identity disorder is more common in _____
Answer: women
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/memory-dissociation-and-orientation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/dissociative-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: What feature of psychosis is characterized by unique, false, fixed idiosyncratic beliefs that persist despite the facts and are not typical of a patient's culture or religion? _____
Answer: Delusions
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/psychotic-and-mood-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: One feature of Alzheimer disease is _____ impairment, which is a loss of sense of "self" in relation to surroundings
Answer: visuospatial
Extra: * commonly presents as getting lost in familiar surroundings * due to dysfunction of parieto-occipital cortex Watch Alzheimer Disease & Dementia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-neurodegenerative-alzheimer-disease-and-dementia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Do the complaints associated with malingering cease after the desired gain? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: In cognitive testing; having the patient recite the months of the year backwards would test _____
Answer: concentration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: The nigrostriatal pathway is significantly affected by movement disorders and _____ drugs
Answer: antipsychotic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neurotransmitter-activity-in-psychiatric-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: In addition to schizophrenia, typical antipsychotics are used to treat _____ in many conditions (e.g. bipolar disorder, delirium)
Answer: psychosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: Typical and atypical antipsychotics may be used to treat intractable or distressing tics associated with _____ syndrome
Answer: Tourette's
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: _____ is the desire to live as the opposite sex, often through surgery or hormone treatment
Answer: Transgenderism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/gender-dysphoria/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly accompanied by intellectual _____
Answer: disability
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by a triad of _____, ataxia, and confusion
Answer: ophthalmoplegia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: In addition to schizophrenia, _____ antipsychotics are used to treat treatment-resistant depression
Answer: atypical
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Is dementia typically reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Irreversible
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 49: Phencyclidine (PCP) is a hallucinogen that works primarily as a(n) _____ receptor _____
Answer: NMDA
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: Narcolepsy is associated with _____ (e.g. hypnagogic and hypnopompic)
Answer: hallucinations
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Patients with oppositional defiant disorder _____ annoy others and blame others for their mistakes / misbehavior
Answer: deliberately
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-behavioral/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: What demographic is associated with decreased REM sleep and increased REM latency? _____
Answer: Elderly patients
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-physiology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: Are romantic relationships between psychiatrists (or medical professionals participating in a psychiatric role) and former patients ever ethical? _____
Answer: ALWAYS NO
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: Prolonged methamphetamine usage may be noticed on physical exam due to _____
Answer: skin excoriations
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to follow multi-step commands would test their _____
Answer: comprehension
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: Delirium may be caused by medications, such as _____, especially in the elderly
Answer: anticholinergics
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/memory-dissociation-and-orientation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 57: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to write a complete sentence with noun-verb agreement tests _____ skills
Answer: language
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: Huntington disease is characterized by _____ acetylcholine
Answer: decreased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 59: _____ disorder involves one or more motor OR verbal tic (but not both) for > 1 year
Answer: Chronic tic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: What symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur during the 12 - 48 hour time period? _____
Answer: Alcoholic hallucinosis (usually visual)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with _____ syndrome
Answer: Tourette's
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/anxiety-trauma-and-stress-disorders?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/anxiety-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Delirium tremens, secondary to alcohol withdrawal, usually occurs _____ to _____ hours after the last drink
Answer: 48
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: What is the peak incidence for sexual abuse? _____
Answer: 9 - 12 years old
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: Non-specific symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, such as anxiety, insomnia, and tremors, typically occur after _____ - _____ hours
Answer: 3
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to provide details of significant life events tests _____
Answer: long term memory
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Is delirium typically reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Reversible
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/memory-dissociation-and-orientation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 67: _____ is a chronic factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs/symptoms
Answer: Factitious disorder imposed by self
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Difficulty comprehending or expressing language leading to limited vocabulary and errors in tense and simple sentences is suggestive of _____
Answer: language disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: _____: sensory perception without an actual external stimulus
Answer: Hallucination
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: Patients with Lewy body dementia are especially sensitive to _____ drugs
Answer: antipsychotic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: In HIV-associated dementia, subcortical dysfunction may lead to non-specific symptoms such as _____ or _____ movements
Answer: slow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Which personality disorder characterizes individuals who have no desire for close relationships? _____
Answer: Schizoid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/personality-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: _____ syndrome is a cultural syndrome in South Asia that manifests with psychological and somatic symptoms attributed to loss of semen
Answer: Dhat
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: 1 week following a stressful event, would hallucinations be characteristic of acute stress disorder? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: 6 year old adopted child is brought in because she has not formed a relationship with her adoptive parents. She is inhibited and hypervigilant. Diagnosis? _____ disorder
Answer: Reactive attachment
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/ptsd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: Which type of psychotherapy focuses on resolving unconscious conflicts by bringing repressed experiences and feelings into awareness and integrating them into the patient’s conscious experience? _____
Answer: Psychoanalysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson disease can be treated with _____
Answer: anti-Parkinson medication dose reduction and/or the addition of a low-potency antipsychotic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: Acute insomnia is commonly caused by _____ or _____ Chronic insomnia is typically secondary to _____ conditions, _____, or medical problems
Answer: psychological stress
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: _____ is a potential complication of _____ (Korsakoff/Wernicke)
Answer: Korsakoff syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: _____ is a clinical term and may be assessed by physicians, while _____ is a legal term and can be decided only by a judge
Answer: Capacity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Childhood onset motor and vocal tics lasting ≥ 1 year is suggestive of _____
Answer: Tourette's syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Which personality disorder may be associated with micropsychotic episodes, often in response to stress? _____
Answer: Borderline personality disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/personality-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Patient being treated for hallucinations admitted with fever and confusion. Exam shows diffuse muscle resistance to motion, diaphoresis, tachypnea, dry mucous membranes. _____
Answer: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (due to antipsychotics)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Are hallucinations involving a living relative during a period of bereavement considered normal? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: What is the recommended treatment for dissociative identity disorder? _____
Answer: Trauma-focused psychotherapy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: _____ disorders are when a patient consciously creates physical and/or psychological symptoms in order to assume a "sick role" to get medical attention and sympathy (primary/internal gain)
Answer: Factitious
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: Splitting is a major defense mechanism seen in patients with _____ personality disorder
Answer: borderline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/personality-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: _____ is a general term used to describe a distorted perception of reality
Answer: Psychosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: ↓ REM sleep latency and hallucinations/sleep paralysis is suggestive of _____
Answer: narcolepsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-physiology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: Benzodiazpine withdrawal presents similarly to _____ withdrawal
Answer: alcohol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Is it normal if elderly patients get lost in familiar territory? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: _____ is a type of conversion disorder characterized by forced eye closure, side-to-side or body movements, memory recall of the event, and lack of post-ictal confusion
Answer: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are _____ likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
Answer: less
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: What psychiatric disorder is characterized by the persistent and intense desire to be the opposite sex, which causes significant distress? _____
Answer: Gender dysphoria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/gender-dysphoria/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Absence seizures may be differentiated from inattentive staring spells by the presence of _____
Answer: automatisms
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: Is malingering a mental illness? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 97: Benzodiazepine withdrawal is characterized by delirium _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 98: Steroids and psychotic symptoms is suggestive of _____
Answer: substance-induced psychotic disorder
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Flashcard 99: What time of day is typically associated with worsening of delirium? _____
Answer: Nighttime ("sundowning")
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Vital sign changes (tachy, hypertensive) and tremors and anxiety 2-4 days after surgery is suggestive of _____
Answer: delirium tremens (DTs)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Turbinate erythema is suggestive of _____
Answer: cocaine use disorder
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Flashcard 102: Pyromania is diagnosed following _____ episode(s) of deliberate fire setting
Answer: 2+
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/impulse-control/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: What are three complications in catatonia and what are the treatments/evaluations for each? _____ DVT → LMWH Rhabdo → check CK
Answer: Malnourishment → Albumin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/mood-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: As amnesia resolves and the overwhelming memories return, patients with dissociative amnesia are at an increased risk for _____
Answer: suicide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/dissociative-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Patients with _____ are usually uncooperative during their medical evaluation
Answer: malingering
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: Which type of delusion includes thought broadcasting and thought insertion? _____
Answer: Delusion of control
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Flashcard 107: Withdrawal from _____ is similar to alcohol withdrawal
Answer: benzodiazepines
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Flashcard 108: REM sleep behavior disorder is characterized by a lack of _____ during REM sleep
Answer: muscle atonia
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Flashcard 109: Which dementia subtype has early changes in personality and behavior? _____
Answer: Frontotemporal dementia
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Flashcard 110: The onset of ADHD is before age _____
Answer: 12
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Flashcard 111: The first line treatment of ADHD is _____
Answer: stimulants
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Flashcard 112: Patients with _____ are usually cooperative during their medical evaluation
Answer: factitious disorder
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Flashcard 113: How do you treat sundowning in elderly with AMS? _____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics
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Flashcard 114: Belief in inflated worth/value/power (relationship with deity/famous person) = _____
Answer: grandiose delusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed if the patient is _____ years old and has a history of conduct disorder before age 15
Answer: > 18
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/personality-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: Is someone who is mentally ill competent to stand trial? _____
Answer: Yes
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Flashcard 117: IQ Testing: 25-40 = _____ mental retardation 40-55 = _____ mental retardation 55-70 = _____ mental retardation
Answer: severe
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: The illness production and motivation in somatic symptom disorder are _____ drives
Answer: unconscious
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Flashcard 119: Acutely psychotic patient who is dangerous to themselves/others → _____
Answer: use pharm
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Flashcard 120: _____ is a psychiatric disorder that involves the regurgitation and re-chewing of food
Answer: Rumination disorder
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Flashcard 121: Patient with acute psychosis and escalating agitation, olanzapine would be the next step in management because it _____ and _____
Answer: can be administered IM
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Flashcard 122: Alzheimer disease = generalized cortical atrophy but also _____ lobe atrophy
Answer: temporal
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Flashcard 123: _____ = hugging strangers due to depriviation
Answer: Disinhibited social engagement disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/ptsd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: REM sleep behavior disorder is highly associated with underlying _____
Answer: neurodegenerative disorders
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Flashcard 125: How long must symptoms be present to establish a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder? _____
Answer: >6 months
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Which extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g. due to antipsychotic use) occur > 6 months after starting? _____
Answer: Tardive dyskinesia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: Narcolepsy is associated with cataplexy, which is the loss of all muscle tone following a(n) _____ (e.g. laughter)
Answer: strong emotional stimulus
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Flashcard 128: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is often characterized by a generalized "_____" rigidity
Answer: lead-pipe
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Flashcard 129: What is the likely diagnosis in a teenage boy that presents after having an episode of unconsciousness followed by drowsiness and headache? The symptoms started and ended quickly. Physical exam is significant for a mild rash around the patient's mouth. Routine toxicology screen is negative. _____
Answer: Inhalant abuse (e.g. glue, toluene)
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Flashcard 130: What psychiatric disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy offered as second line? _____
Answer: Conversion disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis is a paraneoplastic syndrome that presents with psychiatric distrubance, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic instability, and language dysfunction Commonly associated with _____
Answer: ovarian teratomas
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Flashcard 132: _____ is a psychiatric disorder in which the intentional production of symptoms is motivated by secondary gain, such as avoiding work, receiving financial compensation, evading arrest, or obtaining drugs
Answer: Malingering
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Flashcard 133: According to Freud, the _____ is the aspect of one's psyche that represents "morality, society, and parental teaching"
Answer: superego
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Flashcard 134: Delirium is associated with a(n) _____ pattern on EEG
Answer: diffuse, slowing
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Flashcard 135: Which type of psychotherapy seeks to correct faulty assumptions and negative feelings that exacerbate psychiatric symptoms? _____
Answer: Cognitive therapy
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Flashcard 136: What do you suspect if elderly pt. has psychosis/AMS postop? _____
Answer: sundowning
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Flashcard 137: First line treatment of Tourette's syndrome is _____
Answer: VMAT2 inhibitors > atypical antipsychotics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: Alzheimer disease = ↓ _____ in basal nucleus of meynert
Answer: ACh
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Flashcard 139: _____ is characterized by recurrent behavioral outbursts that are unplanned and out of proportion to the provocation.
Answer: Intermittent explosive disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/impulse-control/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: What MMSE score is widely used as the cutoff for diagnosis of delirium or dementia? _____
Answer: ≤23
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Flashcard 141: Are long-acting injectable antipsychotics a good choice as an initial agent to treat psychosis? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 142: Acute dystonia 2° to antipsychotics = _____ or benztropine (antimuscarinic) Akathisia 2° to antipsychotics = β-blockers, benztropine, or benzodiazpines
Answer: diphenhydramine (antihistamine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Auditory hallucinations that directly tell the patient to perform certain acts are called _____ hallucinations
Answer: command
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Flashcard 144: Step-wise decline with periventricular (lacunar) infarcts = _____ dementia
Answer: vascular
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Flashcard 145: Breathing-related disorders are the most common of the _____ and include obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea
Answer: hypersomnias
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: _____ is when a patient consciously fakes, profoundly exaggerates, or claims to have a disorder in order to attain a secondary (external) gain (e.g. avoid work, obtain compensation)
Answer: Malingering
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Flashcard 147: What do you suspect if pt. is having seizures/psychotic/hallucinating 48-72 hrs postop? _____
Answer: Delirium tremens
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Flashcard 148: High-potency antipsychotics (e.g. haldol) are often given as _____ to treat acute agitation or psychosis
Answer: an intramuscular injection
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Flashcard 149: These are criteria for _____
Answer: delirium
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Flashcard 150: Hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, disorganized speech describe what category of symptoms of schizophrenia? _____
Answer: Positive symptoms
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: _____ are fixed, false beliefs that remain despite evidence to the contrary and cannot be accounted for by the cultural background of the individual
Answer: Delusions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: At what age is gender dysphoria more likely to be enduring? _____
Answer: Adolescence
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/gender-dysphoria/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: Involuntary commitment to a psychiatric hospital is supported by legal principles of _____ and _____
Answer: police power
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Flashcard 154: Lewy body dementia is managed with _____
Answer: AChE inhibitors (e.g. donepezil)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Standard workup of new-onset psychosis includes _____
Answer: obtaining a urine toxicology screen
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Flashcard 156: What symptom is characteristic of early Alzheimer's disease? _____
Answer: Short-term memory loss
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: Dopamine agonists (e.g. pramipexole) can cause _____
Answer: hallucinations
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Flashcard 158: Substance use disorder is defined as _____ of the following signs in 1 year
Answer: ≥ 2
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Flashcard 159: _____ hallucinations are common in alcohol withdrawal and stimulant use (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines)
Answer: Tactile
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Flashcard 160: _____ is a form of dystonia that involves involuntary contraction of the neck (SCM)
Answer: Torticollis
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Flashcard 161: Personality change and disinhibition followed by early dementia is suggestive of _____
Answer: frontotemporal dementia (Pick disease)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: ADHD is treated with _____ +/- _____
Answer: stimulants
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Flashcard 163: Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome of South Asia that manifests with psychological and somatic symptoms that are attributed to _____
Answer: loss of semen
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Flashcard 164: Sexual sadism = derivation of pleasure from _____ abuse Sexual masochism = derivation of pleasure from _____ abuse
Answer: causing
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Flashcard 165: REM sleep behavior disorder is associated with _____ neurodegenerative disorders
Answer: alpha-synuclein
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Flashcard 166: Delusional disorder = _____ functioning Schizophrenia = _____ functioning
Answer: high
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: First-line medication for Tourette's syndrome: _____
Answer: Risperidone
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Flashcard 168: What CT finding may be found in patient's with late-stage Alzheimer's disease? _____
Answer: Diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: Can a medical diagnosis strip someone of competence? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 170: What type of therapy is often used to treat nightmare disorder? _____
Answer: Desensitization/Imagery rehearsal therapy
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Flashcard 171: _____ psychotherapy focuses on the role of unconscious conflict and gaining insight into how past experience shapes present situations
Answer: Psychodynamic
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Flashcard 172: Clonidine and guanfacine are α2 agonists that may be used to treat _____ that is refractory to treatment with stimulants
Answer: ADHD
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Flashcard 173: ADHD is diagnosed in _____ or more settings
Answer: 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: _____ is characterized by repeated arousals during sleep associated with physically acting out dream behaviors occurring during REM sleep due to lack of muscle atonia
Answer: REM sleep behavior disorder
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Flashcard 175: Tachycardia, tremors and anxiety 2-4 days after surgery is suggestive of _____
Answer: delirium tremens (DTs)
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Flashcard 176: What is an ocular side effect of PCP intoxication? _____
Answer: Nystagmus
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Flashcard 177: _____ disorder is characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct personality states with extensive memory lapses usually following psychological trauma
Answer: Dissociative identity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/dissociative-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: The symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be remembered with the mnemonic "Malignant FEVER": _____
Answer: Myoglobinuria Fever Encephalopathy (altered mental status) unstable Vitals (autonomic instability) ↑ Enzymes (e.g. CK) muscle Rigidity (lead pipe)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: Mistaking a shadow for a cat = _____
Answer: illusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Which ego defense is defined as attempting to reverse a situation by adopting a new behavior? _____
Answer: Undoing (immature defense)
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Flashcard 181: Long term (e.g. over 5 years), patients with Alzheimer's disease may present with _____ changes, urinary incontinence, and hallucinations
Answer: personality
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Flashcard 182: What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for somatic symptom disorder? _____
Answer: SSRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: _____ syndrome is characterized by the regression of language skills at age 3-6 due to severe epileptic attacks
Answer: Landau-Kleffner
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Flashcard 184: _____ test is a timed connect-the-numbers test that helps detect subtle mental status changes
Answer: The Reitan trail
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Flashcard 185: Most kleptomaniacs are _____, while most pyromaniacs are _____
Answer: female
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/impulse-control/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Typical antipsychotics should not be used in patients with _____ dementia because they may exhibit neuroleptic hypersensitivity
Answer: Lewy body
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Flashcard 187: What is treatment for conversion disorder? First-line: _____ Second-line: _____
Answer: Education and self-help techniques
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/somatic-symptom-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: _____ hallucinations occur while going to sleep while _____ hallucinations occur while waking from sleep; these are sometimes seen in narcolepsy
Answer: Hypnagogic
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Flashcard 189: Childhood-onset fluency disorder = _____
Answer: stuttering
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Flashcard 190: What is the likely diagnosis in a premenopausal woman with aversion to sexual intercourse due to muscle spasm/pain with penetration? External pelvic examination is unremarkable. _____
Answer: Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (vaginismus)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: Lewy body dementia is characterized initially by dementia and _____, followed by Parkinsonian features
Answer: visual hallucinations
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Flashcard 192: What is the first-line treatment in REM sleep behavior disorder? _____
Answer: Clonazepam (Klonopin)
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Flashcard 193: Perfectionism and preoccupation with order (med students) is most likely _____
Answer: obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/personality-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: The mature mechanisms of ego defense may be remembered with the mnemonic "SASH": S: _____ A: _____ S: _____ H: _____
Answer: sublimation
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Flashcard 195: Which atypical antipsychotic is often dosed at nighttime? _____
Answer: Quetiapine (Seroquel)
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Flashcard 196: Irreversible memory loss (anterograde and retrograde), confabulation and personality change is characteristic of _____
Answer: Korsakoff psychosis
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Flashcard 197: Is delirium typically reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Reversible
Flashcard 198: _____ is an abrupt traveling or wandering during a period of dissociative amnesia; associated with traumatic circumstances
Answer: Dissociative fugue
Flashcard 199: _____ disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one's own body, thoughts, perceptions, and actions (depersonalization) or one's environment (derealization)
Answer: Depersonalization/derealization
Flashcard 200: Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by decreased intellectual function without affecting level of consciousness? _____
Answer: Dementia
Flashcard 201: _____ is the desire to live as the opposite sex, often through surgery or hormone treatment
Answer: Transsexualism
Flashcard 202: Autism spectrum disorder is more common in _____ (gender)
Answer: boys
Flashcard 203: _____ is sexual pleasure from dressing as the opposite sex (cross-dressing)
Answer: Transvestism/Eonism
Flashcard 204: What drug should you avoid in delirium?_____
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Flashcard 205: Which ego defense is defined as believing that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity? _____
Answer: Splitting (immature defense)
Flashcard 206: Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by acute onset "waxing and waning" level of consciousness? _____
Answer: Delirium
Flashcard 207: Which ego defense is defined as proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons (usually to avoid self-blame)? _____
Answer: Rationalization (immature defense)
Flashcard 208: _____ syndrome is a chronic factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs/symptoms
Answer: Munchausen
Flashcard 209: _____ are characteristic of Korsakoff syndrome
Answer: Confabulations
Flashcard 210: in cognitive testing; asking the patient to draw intersecting pentagons tests _____ skills
Answer: visual-spatial
Flashcard 211: False pregnancy, or _____, is the belief that one is pregnant when they aren't really
Answer: pseudocyesis
Flashcard 212: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to follow multi-step commands would test their _____
Answer: comprehension
Flashcard 213: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with benztropine and diphenhydramine?_____
Answer: Acute Dystonia
Flashcard 214: Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by memory deficits, apraxia, aphasia, agnosia, behavioral/personality changes, and impaired judgment? _____
Answer: Dementia
Flashcard 215: Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by disorganized thinking, visual hallucinations, disturbances in sleep wake cycle, cognitive dysfunction, and agitation? _____
Answer: Delirium
Flashcard 216: Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a form of child/elder _____
Answer: abuse
Flashcard 217: Typical and atypical antipsychotics may be used to treat intractable or distressing tics associated with _____ syndrome
Answer: Tourette
Flashcard 218: Dissociative identity disorder is more common in _____ (gender)
Answer: women
Flashcard 219: Which personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity, sense of entitlement, and lack of empathy? _____
Answer: Narcissistic (cluster B)
Flashcard 220: _____ disorder is characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states, usually following psychological trauma
Answer: Dissociative identity
Flashcard 221: Which personality disorder is characterized by voluntary social withdrawal with limited emotional expression? _____
Answer: Schizoid (cluster A)
Flashcard 222: D2 dopamine receptors are primarily found in the _____ (organ system)
Answer: CNS
Flashcard 223: _____ disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by repetitive and pervasive behavior that violates the basic rights of others or societal norms
Answer: Conduct
Flashcard 224: Which ego defense is defined as a largely unconscious assumption of the characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group that is perceived to be more powerful / prestigious? _____
Answer: Identification (immature defense)
Flashcard 225: Patients with depersonalization / derealization disorder have _____ reality testing
Answer: intact
Flashcard 226: Is dementia typically reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Irreversible
Flashcard 227: Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by _____ speech (fluent or nonfluent)
Answer: fluent
Flashcard 228: Narcolepsy is associated with _____ (e.g. hypnagogic and hypnopompic)
Answer: hallucinations
Flashcard 229: Vascular dementia is characterized by a step-wise decline in cognitive ability with _____-onset memory impairment
Answer: late
Flashcard 230: Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by _____ repetition (intact or impaired)
Answer: intact
Flashcard 231: Which personality disorder is characterized by low-self confidence with an excessive need to be taken care of? _____
Answer: Dependent (cluster C)
Flashcard 232: Can a patient with dementia develop delirium? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 233: The nigrostriatal pathway is significantly affected by movement disorders and _____ drugs
Answer: antipsychotic
Flashcard 234: What form of parkinsonism presents with rapidly progressive gait dysfunction, falls, executive function loss, and vertical gaze palsy?_____*what aggregates are seen?
Answer: Progressive supranuclear palsy
Flashcard 235: Transcortical mixed aphasia is characterized by _____ comprehension (intact or impaired)
Answer: impaired
Flashcard 236: _____ is characterized by the patient projecting feelings about formative or other important persons onto the physician
Answer: Transference
Flashcard 237: Broca's (expressive) aphasia is characterized by _____ repetition (intact or impaired)
Answer: impaired
Flashcard 238: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with beta-blockers, benzodiazepines, and benztropine?_____
Answer: Akathisia
Flashcard 239: What symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur during the 6 - 48 hour time period? _____
Answer: Withdrawal seizures
Flashcard 240: Metoclopramide may cause _____ syndrome, which presents with symptoms including fever, rigidity, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and rhabdomyolysis
Answer: neuroleptic malignant
Flashcard 241: Which personality disorder is characterized by impulsivity, criminality, and disregard for/violation of rights of others with lack of remorse? _____
Answer: Antisocial (cluster B)
Flashcard 242: _____ is a factitious disorder characterized by illness in a child or elderly patient that is caused or fabricated by the caregiver
Answer: Munchausen syndrome by proxy
Flashcard 243: A _____ disorder is an inflexible, maladaptive, and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired functioning
Answer: personality
Flashcard 244: Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by an inability to develop meaningful relationships?_____
Answer: Cluster A
Flashcard 245: _____ hallucinations occur while waking from sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy
Answer: Hypnopompic
Flashcard 246: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to draw a clock oriented to the time requested tests _____
Answer: executive function
Flashcard 247: Postpartum _____ is characterized by mood-congruent delusions, hallucinations, and thoughts of harming the baby or self
Answer: psychosis
Flashcard 248: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is often characterized by a generalized '_____' rigidity
Answer: lead-pipe
Flashcard 249: Which personality disorder is characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, with a profoundly cynical view of the world? _____
Answer: Paranoid (cluster A)
Flashcard 250: Which extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g. due to antipsychotic use) occur within months to years? _____
Answer: Tardive dyskinesia
Flashcard 251: What symptoms of alcohol withdrawal may occur during the 48 - 96 hour time period? _____
Answer: Delirium tremens (5% of cases)
Flashcard 252: _____ disorder involves one or more motor OR verbal tic (but not both) for > 1 year
Answer: Chronic tic
Flashcard 253: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with _____ intelligence that coexists with difficulties in school
Answer: normal
Flashcard 254: Borderline personality disorder is more common in _____ (gender)
Answer: females
Flashcard 255: _____ (dementia or delirium) is usually secondary to other illness (e.g. CNS disease, infection, trauma, substance abuse/withdrawal, metabolic disturbances, hemorrhage, urinary/fecal retention)
Answer: Delirium
Flashcard 256: _____ disorder is characterized by inconsolable periods of terror with screaming in the middle of the night (stage N3 sleep)
Answer: Sleep terror
Flashcard 257: What feature of psychosis is characterized by speech that is incoherent ("word salad"), tangential, or derailed? _____
Answer: Disorganized thought
Flashcard 258: What is the treatment for borderline personality disorder? _____
Answer: Dialectical behavioral therapy
Flashcard 259: Antisocial personality disorder is more common in _____ (gender)
Answer: males
Flashcard 260: The onset of Tourette syndrome symptoms is before age _____
Answer: 18
Flashcard 261: What psychological disorder is characterized by increased intake of free water, leading to hyponatremia and production of a volume of dilute urine?_____
Answer: Primary psychogenic polydipsia
Flashcard 262: What symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur during the 12 - 48 hour time period? _____
Answer: Alcoholic hallucinosis (usually visual)
Flashcard 263: What feature of psychosis is characterized by perceptions in the absence of external stimuli? _____
Answer: Hallucinations
Flashcard 264: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has an onset before age _____
Answer: 12
Flashcard 265: Prolonged methamphetamine usage may be noticed on physical exam due to _____
Answer: skin excoriations (derm finding)
Flashcard 266: _____ disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by poor social interactions, social communication deficits, repetitive/ritualized behaviors, and restricted interests
Answer: Autism spectrum
Flashcard 267: Is the memory loss associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome temporary or permanent? _____
Answer: Permanent
Flashcard 268: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with reserpine, tetrabenazine, or a switch to an atypical antipsychotic?_____
Answer: Tardive Dyskinesia
Flashcard 269: Can autism occur without language and intellectual impairment?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 270: _____ is a factitious disorder characterized by a history of multiple hospital admissions and willingness to undergo invasive procedures
Answer: Munchausen syndrome
Flashcard 271: In cognitive testing; having the patient recite the months of the year backwards would test _____
Answer: concentration
Flashcard 272: Which paraneoplastic syndrome presents with psychiatric disturbances, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic instability, and language dysfunction?_____
Answer: Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Flashcard 273: Early-onset dementia with Parkinsonian features is suggestive of _____ dementia
Answer: Lewy body
Flashcard 274: Risks factors for postpartum psychosis include _____ pregnancy, history of bipolar or psychotic disorder, family history, and recent discontinuation of psychotropic medication
Answer: first
Flashcard 275: Which ego defense is defined as expressing extremely positive thoughts of self/others while ignoring negative thoughts? _____
Answer: Idealization (immature defense)
Flashcard 276: Which ego defense is defined as using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation? _____
Answer: Intellectualization (immature defense)
Flashcard 277: What is the treatment for postpartum psychosis? _____
Answer: Hospitalization and antipsychotics
Flashcard 278: Are hallucinations involving a dead relative during a period of bereavement considered normal? _____
Answer: Yes (within 6 months)
Flashcard 279: _____ are misperceptions of real external stimuli
Answer: Illusions
Flashcard 280: Korsakoff syndrome causes both retro- and anterograde amnesia, however, _____ amnesia is more prominent
Answer: anterograde
Flashcard 281: _____ hallucinations occur while going to sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy
Answer: Hypnagogic
Flashcard 282: Which drug withdrawal is associated with piloerection ("cold turkey")? _____
Answer: Opioid withdrawal
Flashcard 283: Cluster A personality disorders lack _____, which is a distinguishing feature from schizophrenia
Answer: psychosis
Flashcard 284: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to provide details of significant life events tests _____
Answer: long term memory
Flashcard 285: Primary psychogenic polydipsia can be treated with _____
Answer: water restriction
Flashcard 286: In addition to schizophrenia, typical antipsychotics are used to treat _____ in many conditions (e.g. bipolar disorder, delirium)
Answer: psychosis
Flashcard 287: _____ is a distorted perception of reality characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized thought or speech
Answer: Psychosis
Flashcard 288: What other psychiatric disorders (2) are associated with Tourette syndrome? _____
Answer: OCD and ADHD
Flashcard 289: Which ego defense is defined as misattributing one's own unconscious, undesired thoughts or feelings to another person who does not actually have them?_____
Answer: Projection (immature defense)
Flashcard 290: Substance use disorder is defined as _____ of the following signs in 1 year related specifically to substance use:ToleranceWithdrawalSubstance taken in larger amounts than desiredPersistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to cut downSignificant energy spent obtaining, using, or recovering from substanceImportant social, occupational, or recreational activities reducedContinued use despite knowing it causes problemsCravingRecurrent use in physically dangerous situationsFailure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or homeSocial or interpersonal conflicts
Answer: > 2
Flashcard 291: Which ego defense is defined as involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness? _____
Answer: Repression (immature defense)
Flashcard 292: Brief psychotic disorder is usually _____ related
Answer: stress
Flashcard 293: Non-specific symptoms of _____ withdrawal (stimulant or depressant) include anxiety, tremor, insomnia, and seizures
Answer: depressant
Flashcard 294: High-dose glucocorticoids may cause glucocorticoid-induced _____ (e.g. hypomania, confusion, hallucinations)
Answer: psychosis
Flashcard 295: Tourette syndrome may present with _____, which is involuntary obscene speech (40% of patients)
Answer: coprolalia
Flashcard 296: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues into adulthood in _____% of cases
Answer: 50
Flashcard 297: Which ego defense is defined as expressing unacceptable feelings and thoughts through actions? _____
Answer: Acting out (immature defense)
Flashcard 298: Which personality disorder is characterized by eccentric appearance, interpersonal awkwardness, and odd beliefs/magical thinking? _____
Answer: Schizotypal (cluster A)
Flashcard 299: Which ego defense is defined as appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation? _____
Answer: Humor (mature defense)
Flashcard 300: Autism spectrum disorder must present in _____ (age group)
Answer: early childhood
Flashcard 301: Which ego defense is defined as replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one's value system? _____
Answer: Sublimation (mature defense)
Flashcard 302: What is the most common complication of PCP intoxication? _____
Answer: Trauma
Flashcard 303: Non-pharmacological treatment for Tourette syndrome includes _____ and behavioral therapy
Answer: psychoeducation
Flashcard 304: Autism spectrum disorder is associated with _____ head/brain size
Answer: increased
Flashcard 305: People with cluster _____ personality disorders are described as odd or eccentric
Answer: A
Flashcard 306: Adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy include temporary headache, disorientation, and partial _____; usually resolves within 6 months
Answer: amnesia
Flashcard 307: Huntington disease is sometimes initially mistaken for _____
Answer: substance abuse
Flashcard 308: Autism spectrum disorder rarely is accompanied by unusual abilities (_____)
Answer: savants
Flashcard 309: Does narcolepsy have a strong or weak genetic component? _____
Answer: Strong
Flashcard 310: Which cluster B personality disorder has a high rate of self-mutilation and suicide? _____
Answer: Borderline
Flashcard 311: Long-term infant deprivation of affection may result in poor _____ skills
Answer: language/socialization
Flashcard 312: _____ syndrome is characterized by disinhibited behavior, such as hyperphagia, hypersexuality, and hyperorality
Answer: Kluver-Bucy
Flashcard 313: Which movement disorder presents as subjective restlessness and an intense urge to move? _____
Answer: Akathisia
Flashcard 314: In cognitive testing; having the patient recall 3 unrelated words after 5 minutes would test _____
Answer: short-term memory
Flashcard 315: Which ego defense is defined as avoiding the awareness of some painful reality? _____
Answer: Denial (immature defense)
Flashcard 316: Are patients with personality disorders usually aware of their problem?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 317: Between malingering, factitious, and somatic symptom disorders; in which disease are symptoms intentional, motivation unconscious?_____
Answer: Factitious
Flashcard 318: In cognitive testing; asking the patient to write a complete sentence with noun-verb agreement tests _____ skills
Answer: language
Flashcard 319: Infant deprivation for > _____ can lead to irreversible changes
Answer: 6 months
Flashcard 320: What feature of psychosis is characterized by unique, false, fixed idiosyncratic beliefs that persist despite the facts and are not typical of a patient's culture or religion? _____
Answer: Delusions
Flashcard 321: Which extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g. due to antipsychotic use) occur within days to months? _____
Answer: Akathisia (restlessness) and parkinsonism
Flashcard 322: Between malingering, factitious, and somatic symptom disorders; in which disease are symptoms intentional, motivation intentional?_____
Answer: Malingering
Flashcard 323: _____ is characterized by the doctor projecting feelings about formative or other important persons onto the patient
Answer: Countertransference
Flashcard 324: _____ disorder meets criteria for schizophrenia in addition to major mood disorder (major depressive or bipolar)
Answer: Schizoaffective
Flashcard 325: Which ego defense is defined as involuntarily turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world? _____
Answer: Regression (immature defense)
Flashcard 326: Which stage of sleep does bruxism (teeth grinding) occur? _____
Answer: Stage N2
Flashcard 327: What drug intoxication presents as perceptual distortion (visual, auditory), depersonalization, and possible flashbacks? _____
Answer: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Flashcard 328: Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by _____ comprehension (intact or impaired)
Answer: impaired
Flashcard 329: Is electroconvulsive therapy safe to use during pregnancy and elderly? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 330: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly accompanied by intellectual _____
Answer: disability
Flashcard 331: Which ego defense is defined as separating feelings from ideas and events? _____
Answer: Isolation of affect (immature defense)
Keywords: Psychotic Disorders flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Brief psychotic disorder
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Schizophreniform disorder
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Schizoaffective disorder
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Substance-induced psychotic disorder
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Psychosis due to medical conditions
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Catatonia across disorders
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First-episode psychosis management
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Metabolic monitoring in psychotic disorders
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Antipsychotic mechanisms of action
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Antipsychotic side effect management
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Violence risk assessment in psychosis
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Cognitive remediation in psychotic disorders
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Family interventions for psychotic disorders
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