In chronic renal failure, the combination of elevated PTH and decreased 1,25-(OH)2D3 produces _____, in which there is increased bone resorption and osteomalacia
Primary hypothyroidism = _____ prolactin
What is the pathophysiology behind the euvolemia status in patients with SIADH? Volume expansion _____
Detrusor muscle instability can cause _____ incontinence
_____ = mild hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria with normal/increased PTH levels
Heavy _____ can lead to transient microscopic hematuria
Hypokalemia will not correct until low _____ is corrected
What is the urine Na+ in patients with self-induced vomiting? _____
Oliguria is often seen post-op because of increases in _____ and _____
Hint: hormone
BUN is reabsorbed when the kidneys reabsorb _____
Renal blood flow distribution
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Proximal tubule reabsorption
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Loop of Henle function
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Distal tubule and collecting duct function
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Concentration and dilution of urine
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Countercurrent multiplication system
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Sodium handling along the nephron
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Potassium balance and regulation
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Calcium and phosphate handling
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Magnesium handling
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Water balance and osmoregulation
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Diuretic mechanisms of action
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Integrated nephron function
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