Hemodynamics — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: Raynaud phenomenon is decreased blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar _____ in response to cold or stress

Answer: vasospasm

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 12: Decreased cortisol production in congenital adrenal hyperplasia may cause life-threatening _____ due to decreased _____ receptors

Answer: hypotension

Extra: Cortisol is required for the normal expression and sensitivity of alpha-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle. This is known as the 'permissive effect' of cortisol. In CAH (especially 21-hydroxylase deficiency), the lack of cortisol leads to vascular hypocontractility and resulting hypotension.

Flashcard 13: Histamine causes arteriolar _____ and venous _____

Answer: dilation

Extra: Net effect is increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) which increases filtration out of the capillaries, contributing to edema.

Flashcard 14: The velocity of shortening of cardiac muscle is maximal when afterload is _____

Answer: zero

Flashcard 15: The resistance of the entire systemic vasculature is called the _____

Answer: total peripheral resistance (TPR)

Flashcard 16: What effect does increased venous return have on preload? _____

Answer: Increased preload

Flashcard 17: What is the effect of exercise on pulse pressure? _____

Answer: Increased pulse pressure, transiently

Flashcard 18: One function of gastrin is to _____ gastric motility

Answer: increase

Flashcard 19: Chronic hypertension and valvular stenosis cause diastolic heart failure by increasing _____

Answer: afterload

Flashcard 20: Increased preload results in a(n) _____ width on a pressure-volume loop curve

Answer: increased