Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 761: Which hormone is primarily responsible for the closure of epiphyseal plates (cessation of pubertal growth) in both males and females?

Answer: Estrogen

Extra: In both males and females, estrogen is the primary hormone responsible for the closure of epiphyseal plates. In males, testosterone is converted to estrogen by the enzyme aromatase to exert this effect. Clinical Correlation: Individuals with aromatase deficiency or estrogen receptor resistance fail to close their epiphyseal plates and continue to grow into adulthood, resulting in tall stature.

Flashcard 762: The resting membrane potential of cardiac cells is determined primarily by _____ ions

Answer: potassium (K+)

Flashcard 763: Thyroid hormone stimulates upregulation of _____ receptors in the heart

Answer: B1

Flashcard 764: Which female sex steroid is responsible for increased body temperature?_____

Answer: Progesterone

Flashcard 765: The left ventricle compensates for increased afterload by _____ in order to decrease wall tension

Answer: thickening (hypertrophy)

Flashcard 766: _____ in the islets of Langerhans link alpha-cells to each other, beta-cells to each other, and alpha-cells to beta-cells, allowing for rapid communication

Answer: Gap junctions

Flashcard 767: Lack of _____ after menopause is why FSH levels are very high

Answer: inhibin

Flashcard 768: Merkel discs adapt _____

Answer: slowly

Flashcard 769: Thyroid hormones stimulate bone _____ as a result of ossification and fusion of the growth plates

Answer: maturation

Flashcard 770: Thyroid hormone increases _____ absorption from the GI tract to meet the metabolic demands of increased O2 consumption

Answer: glucose