Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 591: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Erythrocyte count (Female)?

Answer: From 3.5 to 5.5 million/mm3

Flashcard 592: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Plasma volume (Male)?

Answer: From 25 to 43 mL/kg

Flashcard 593: What is the normal range of Luteinizing hormone, serum/plasma (Female: follicular phase)?

Answer: 2 to 15 mIU/mL

Flashcard 594: What is the normal range of Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma (Male)?

Answer: 1.5–12.4 mIU/mL

Extra: Reference ranges for Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in adult males typically fall between 1.5 and 12.4 mIU/mL. Values can vary slightly between different laboratories. Elevated FSH in males is often a sign of primary hypogonadism (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome).

Flashcard 595: What is the normal peak Growth Hormone (GH) response in an arginine stimulation test?

Answer: > 7–10 ng/mL (peak level)

Flashcard 596: 31 y/o male comes for a routine checkup. - He's a fitness trainer. - He has been consuming carbohydrate-rich food prior to his weightlifting sessions. - Literature review: Rate of glycogenolysis within myocytes increases several hundredfold during active skeletal muscle contraction. - What substance is most likely responsible for increasing the reaction rate during active contraction?

Answer: Ca2+ (Calcium) Mechanism: During muscle contraction, the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leads to increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. Ca2+ binds to the calmodulin subunit of phosphorylase kinase, activating it. Phosphorylase kinase then activates glycogen phosphorylase, which increases the rate of glycogenolysis. Note: In skeletal muscle, this process is also stimulated by Epinephrine (via cAMP) and AMP (allosteric activator). Muscle lacks glucagon receptors.

Flashcard 597: What effect does increased TBG levels have on thyroid hormone secretion?_____

Answer: Increases secretion

Flashcard 598: Which interleukin is primarily responsible for stimulating T cells (all) and NK cells?_____

Answer: IL-2

Flashcard 599: Which two hormones are secreted in response to increased thyrotropin-releasing hormone?_____

Answer: Prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone

Flashcard 600: Which immune cell(s) secretes IL-6?_____

Answer: Macrophages