Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 591: What is the normal range of CSF: Proteins, total?

Answer: 15–45 mg/dL

Flashcard 592: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Leukocyte count: Basophils?

Answer: From 0.00 to 0.75 %

Flashcard 593: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Plasma volume (Male)?

Answer: From 25 to 43 mL/kg

Flashcard 594: What is the normal range of Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma (Male)?

Answer: 1.5–12.4 mIU/mL

Extra: Reference ranges for Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in adult males typically fall between 1.5 and 12.4 mIU/mL. Values can vary slightly between different laboratories. Elevated FSH in males is often a sign of primary hypogonadism (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome).

Flashcard 595: 31 y/o male comes for a routine checkup. - He's a fitness trainer. - He has been consuming carbohydrate-rich food prior to his weightlifting sessions. - Literature review: Rate of glycogenolysis within myocytes increases several hundredfold during active skeletal muscle contraction. - What substance is most likely responsible for increasing the reaction rate during active contraction?

Answer: Ca2+ (Calcium) Mechanism: During muscle contraction, the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leads to increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. Ca2+ binds to the calmodulin subunit of phosphorylase kinase, activating it. Phosphorylase kinase then activates glycogen phosphorylase, which increases the rate of glycogenolysis. Note: In skeletal muscle, this process is also stimulated by Epinephrine (via cAMP) and AMP (allosteric activator). Muscle lacks glucagon receptors.

Flashcard 596: What effect does increased TBG levels have on thyroid hormone secretion?_____

Answer: Increases secretion

Flashcard 597: What is the effect of insulin on glucagon secretion?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 598: The major factor that stimulates glucagon secretion is _____

Answer: hypoglycemia

Flashcard 599: In which type of immunity (innate or adaptive) is microbial resistance not heritable?_____

Answer: Adaptive immunity

Flashcard 600: What is the shortest phase of the cell cycle?_____

Answer: M phase (mitosis + cytokinesis)