Antihypertensives — Flashcards
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ACE inhibitors
What is the mechanism of action of minoxidil? _____
_____-dilators (e.g. hydralazine) cause decreased after-load
_____ channel blockers are useful for treating hypertension
ACE inhibitors and ARBs primarily cause _____ of the efferent arteriole of the kidney
Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess can be treated with _____ or corticosteroids
What adverse effects are associated with fenoldopam? _____
Hint: 2
Thiazide diuretics may be useful in the treatment of idiopathic _____
What effect do ARBs have on bradykinin activity? _____
ARBs are used to treat hypertension, proteinuria, HF, or diabetic nephropathy in patients intolerant to _____
Antihypertensives US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Antihypertensives with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Antihypertensives Flashcard Deck - 155 Cards
Flashcard 1: ACE inhibitors
Answer: renal damage
Flashcard 2: What is the mechanism of action of minoxidil? _____
Answer: Direct arteriolar vasodilator
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: _____-dilators (e.g. hydralazine) cause decreased after-load
Answer: Vaso
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/pressure-volume-loops?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 4: _____ channel blockers are useful for treating hypertension
Answer: Ca2+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: ACE inhibitors and ARBs primarily cause _____ of the efferent arteriole of the kidney
Answer: dilation
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess can be treated with _____ or corticosteroids
Answer: K+ sparing diuretics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: What adverse effects are associated with fenoldopam? _____
Answer: Hypotension, Reflex Tachycardia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: Thiazide diuretics may be useful in the treatment of idiopathic _____
Answer: hypercalciuria
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: What effect do ARBs have on bradykinin activity? _____
Answer: No effect
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: ARBs are used to treat hypertension, proteinuria, HF, or diabetic nephropathy in patients intolerant to _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Labetalol is useful in the treatment of hypertensive _____
Answer: emergency
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Certain drugs (e.g. _____) induce production of autoantibodies against RBCs (IgG-mediated hemolytic anemia)
Answer: α-methyldopa
Extra: * Penicillin can also cause warm AIHA Watch G6PD Deficiency & Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-g6pd-deficiency-and-autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia-aiha?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 13: Many agents used in hypertensive emergencies are potent vaso-_____
Answer: dilators
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: In addition to its use during hypertensive emergency, fenoldopam is also used _____ as an antihypertensive
Answer: postoperatively
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: _____ and _____ are diuretics that may cause pancreatitis as an adverse effect
Answer: Furosemide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____, which is characterized by a(n) C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
Answer: hereditary angioedema
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: ACE inhibitors may cause a(n) _____ due to lung irritation, secondary to increased bradykinin
Answer: dry cough
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki ACE usually metabolizes the following substances; increased circulating kinins, substance P, prostaglandins, and thromboxane → bronchoconstriction and irritation
Flashcard 18: Which α2 agonist may cause a direct Coombs (+) hemolysis as an adverse effect? _____
Answer: α-methyldopa
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: Clinical uses of minoxidil include _____ and severe refractory hypertension
Answer: male-pattern baldness
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/alopecia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Diltiazem has some vaso-_____ activity
Answer: dilatory
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during _____ due to possible _____ effects
Answer: pregnancy
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: _____, a(n) biguanide, is the first line oral agent for the management of type 2 diabetes
Answer: Metformin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: What effect may ACE inhibitors have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki Due to decreased aldosterone (less Na in, less K out)
Flashcard 24: Hydralazine can cause hypotension, which may induce a reflex _____ that can worsen angina
Answer: tachycardia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: IV Ca2+ channel blockers, such as nicardipine and clevidipine, cause _____ dilation, which is useful for the treatment of hypertensive emergency
Answer: arteriolar
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in bilateral _____
Answer: renal artery stenosis
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: What drug may be useful in the treatment of hypertension-induced by hypercortisolism? _____ *bonus: via what mechanism?
Answer: Spironolactone
Extra: Watch Cushings Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-internal-medicine-endocrinology-adrenal-disease-cushing-syndrome-soap?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: The following list of drugs are recommended to use in patients with _____
Answer: Primary (essential hypertension)
Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: β-blockers _____ production of renin
Answer: inhibit
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: The early DCT is the site of action of _____ diuretics
Answer: thiazide
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: α-methyldopa may cause a direct Coombs test _____ hemolysis
Answer: (+)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: The thick ascending limb (of Henle) is the site of action of _____ diuretics
Answer: loop
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: What effect may ARBs have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: ACE inhibitors and ARBs _____ aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex
Answer: decrease
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: Thiazide diuretics may decrease renal excretion of _____, which is commonly used as an anti-psychotic drug
Answer: lithium
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Thiazide diuretics are _____ drugs and thus may rarely cause allergic reactions
Answer: sulfa
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: _____ diuretics exert their effects on the DCT of the nephron
Answer: Thiazide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Thiazide diuretics _____ the diluting capacity of the nephron
Answer: decrease
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: If initiated without NSAIDS / Colchicine, Allopurinol / Febuxostat may precipitate a(n) _____
Answer: gout attack
Extra: Watch Gout & Pseudogout [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-gout-and-pseudogout?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: What effect may aliskiren have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypotension)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: ACE inhibitors are a first line agent in the treatment of primary _____
Answer: hypertension
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: What effect may aliskiren have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: What acid-base disorder may be caused by thiazide diuretics? _____
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Black and elderly patients respond well to _____ and long-acting dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers for treatment of primary hypertension
Answer: hydrochlorothiazide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki Since salt-sensitive hypertension is more common in African Americans, thiazide diuretics are generally recommended as the initial drug of choice
Flashcard 45: ACE inhibitors may cause angioedema due to increased _____
Answer: bradykinin
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: What drug class does hydrochlorothiazide belong to? _____
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: _____, a thiazide diuretic, is a first line agent for treating primary hypertension
Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Loop diuretics block the _____ cotransporter on the luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb
Answer: Na+-K+-2Cl-
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: What effect may ARBs have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypotension)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: Nonspecific adverse effects of dihydropyridine CCBs include headache, _____, and flushing
Answer: dizziness
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Thiazide diuretics may cause _____-calcemia as an adverse effect
Answer: hyper
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Hydralazine exerts its effects by increasing levels of _____, causing smooth muscle relaxation
Answer: cGMP
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: What is the treatment for Liddle syndrome? _____
Answer: Amiloride
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: What effect does aliskiren have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Decreased GFR and efferent constriction causes AKI in patients with _____ artery stenosis taking _____
Answer: bilateral renal
Extra: * further decrease in the GFR -> increased creatinine levels -> acute renal failure * ATII causes efferent arteriolar constriction Watch Hypertension [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-hypertension?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/renal-pharmacology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: β-blockers may decrease BP by inhibiting β1 receptors of the JGA, thus decreasing _____ release
Answer: renin
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 57: In diabetics, ACE inhibitors decrease intraglomerular pressure, thus slowing _____ thickening
Answer: glomerular basement membrane
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: Side effects of direct arteriolar vasodilators (minoxidil, hydralazine) include reflex _____, which can result in tachycardia and peripheral edema
Answer: sympathetic activation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: What adverse effect may pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Increased BP (Hypertension)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: Which renal tubular acidosis may be caused by ACE inhibitors? _____
Answer: Hyperkalemic (type 4) RTA
Extra: Watch Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-renal-tubular-acidosis-rta?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/acid-base-physiology?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: _____ = possible hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Which SSRI/SNRI is typically avoided in hypertensive patients? _____
Answer: Venlafaxine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: Coadministration of ACE inhibitors with _____ can precipitate acute kidney injury
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: Acute scleroderma renal crisis leads to malignant HTN and is treated with _____
Answer: ACE Inhibitor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/other-connective-tissue/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Angioedema and dry cough = _____
Answer: ACE-i
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Renal clearance of lithium is reduced in patients taking _____ diuretics or other nephrotoxic agents (e.g. NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors)
Answer: thiazide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Hypertension and microalbuminuria resistant to ACE inhibitors can be managed with additional _____
Answer: calcium channel blockers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Labetalol is useful in the treatment of hypertensive _____
Answer: emergency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: Hypertensive emergency = IV _____, _____, and _____
Answer: nitroprusside
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: OCPs and the estrogen-progestin vaginal ring can worsen preexisting _____ due to estrogen-induced angiotensinogen synthesis
Answer: hypertension
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Nifedipine = _____
Answer: CCB (dihydropyridine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: ACE-inhibitors/ARBs are first line treatment for hypertension in patients with what four conditions? _____
Answer: CHF MI Renal failure Diabetes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: What acid-base disorder may be caused by loop and thiazide diuretics? _____
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acid-base/acquire?ref=anki contraction alkalosis ↓ volume = ↑ RAAS = ↑ aldosterone = ↑ H out
Flashcard 74: What effect may ACE inhibitors have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Hyperkalemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Dihydropyridine Ca2+-channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine) cause peripheral edema as a side effect due to _____
Answer: preferential dilation of precapillary vessels (arteriolar dilation) which increases capillary hydrostatic pressure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: Hypertension and diabetes = _____
Answer: ACE inhibitor/ARB
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: What are the first-line agents for maternal hypertensive crisis? (3) _____
Answer: Nifedipine Hydralazine Labetalol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: _____ diuretics may be useful for attenuating bone loss in patients with osteoporosis
Answer: Thiazide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: ACE inhibitors and ARBs are contraindicated during _____ due to possible _____ effects
Answer: pregnancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: What is the management for calcium-channel-blocker induced peripheral edema? _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: What four drug classes are used in the treatment of primary (uncomplicated) hypertension in patients who are NOT African American? _____
Answer: Thiazide diuretics ACE inhibitors ARBs Dihydropyridine CCBs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: What side effect may thiazide diuretics have on serum Na+ levels? _____
Answer: Hyponatremia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: ACE inhibitors / ARBs = _____ serum K+
Answer: ↑
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: _____ may cause: Cough Angioedema
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: Nitroprusside causes vasodilation via nitric oxide, which is useful during the treatment of _____
Answer: hypertensive emergency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: What effect may thiazide diuretics have on serum K+ levels? _____
Answer: Hypokalemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: What drug is used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches? _____
Answer: Verapamil
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: What is the recommended treatment for type II renal tubular acidosis? _____
Answer: Potassium citrate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Why can NSAIDs and ACE-Inhibitors cause edema? _____
Answer: Renal function impairment
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: _____ and _____ diuretics can cause hyperuricemia, which may lead to precipitation of gout
Answer: Loop
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Nitroprusside is associated with _____ poisoning, which may present as lactic acidosis, altered mental status, and seizures
Answer: cyanide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: What antihypertensive can be used to prevent calcium channel blocker-induced peripheral edema? _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: _____ may cause: ↑ Glucose (hyperglycemia) ↑ Lipids (hyperlipidemia) ↑ Uric acid (hyperuricemia) ↑ Ca2+ (hypercalcemia)
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: On standard urine drug screen, atenolol and propranolol are antihypertensives that may be false positives for _____
Answer: amphetamines
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Certain drugs (e.g. _____) induce production of autoantibodies against RBCs (IgG-mediated hemolytic anemia)
Answer: -methyldopa
Flashcard 96: Many agents used in hypertensive emergencies are potent vaso-_____
Answer: dilators
Flashcard 97: Phenytoin is an _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inducer
Flashcard 98: What effect do ARBs have on bradykinin activity? _____
Answer: No effect
Flashcard 99: IV Ca2+ channel blockers, such as nicardipine and clevidipine, cause _____ dilation, which is useful for the treatment of hypertensive emergency
Answer: arteriolar
Flashcard 100: Hydralazine exerts its effects by increasing levels of _____, causing smooth muscle relaxation
Answer: cGMP
Flashcard 101: What drug class is used to slow progression of hyperfiltration-induced damage in diabetic glomerulonephropathy? _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Flashcard 102: Thiazide diuretics _____ the diluting capacity of the nephron
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 103: Metformin can cause a vitamin _____ deficiency
Answer: B12
Flashcard 104: What effect do ACE inhibitors have on levels of angiotensin II? _____
Answer: Decreased AT II
Flashcard 105: What is the mechanism of action of minoxidil?_____
Answer: activating ATP-sensitive K+ channels
Flashcard 106: ACE inhibitors are a first line agent in the treatment of primary _____
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 107: What effect do ACE inhibitors and ARBs have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 108: Thiazide diuretics may cause _____-calcemia as an adverse effect
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 109: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory Epoprostenol and iloprost may be used to treat pulmonary _____
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 110: Sunitinib and sorafenib are associated with cutaneous _____ and skin rashes (adverse effects)
Answer: hyperkeratosis
Flashcard 111: What is the effect of thiazolidinediones on the differentiation and number of adipocytes? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 112: What effect may ACE inhibitors have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Flashcard 113: Cardiovascular/RenalWhat effect may aliskiren have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypotension)
Flashcard 114: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/RenalACE inhibitors may cause angioedema due to increased _____
Answer: bradykinin
Flashcard 115: Antihypertensives _____, a thiazide diuretic, is a first line agent for treating primary hypertension
Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide
Flashcard 116: What effect may thiazide diuretics have on serum glucose levels?_____
Answer: Increased (hyperglycemia)
Flashcard 117: -blockers are useful in the treatment of _____, especially in patients with heart failure or post-MI
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 118: What effect may ARBs have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypotension)
Flashcard 119: What effect does clonidine have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Decreased (via reduced sympathetic tone)
Flashcard 120: Dihydropyridine CCBs may cause reflex _____ (HR)
Answer: tachycardia
Flashcard 121: What effect do ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin activity? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 122: ACE inhibitors can cause an _____ in creatinine levels within the first few days of starting treatment
Answer: elevation
Flashcard 123: Mycophenolate mofetil use is associated with _____-tension
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 124: What effect may ARBs have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Flashcard 125: What effect may thiazide diuretics have on serum lipid levels (e.g. cholesterol, triglycerides)?_____
Answer: Increased (hyperlipidemia)
Flashcard 126: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can prevent the metabolism of tyramine (e.g. from wine or cheese ingestion), causing a _____ crisis
Answer: hypertensive
Flashcard 127: What drug class do captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, and ramipril belong to? _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Flashcard 128: Which antacid is associated with proximal muscle weakness and seizures if overused? _____
Answer: Aluminum hydroxide
Flashcard 129: What effect may thiazide diuretics have on serum K+ levels?_____
Answer: Decreased (hypokalemia)
Flashcard 130: Nitroprusside promotes smooth muscle relaxation by increasing _____ (via direct release of NO)
Answer: cGMP
Flashcard 131: What drug class do losartan, candesartan, and valsartan belong to?_____
Answer: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Flashcard 132: What drug class do chlorthalidone, metolazone and indapamide belong to?_____
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Flashcard 133: Loop diuretics can be useful in the treatment of _____, especially if other comorbidities are present (e.g. heart failure with edema)
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 134: ACE inhibitors and ARBs _____ aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 135: What effect does aliskiren have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 136: IV _____ antagonists, such as esmolol and metoprolol, can be used for hypertensive emergency
Answer: 1
Flashcard 137: What drug class does hydrochlorothiazide belong to? _____
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Flashcard 138: Clinical uses of minoxidil include _____ and severe refractory hypertension
Answer: male-pattern baldness
Flashcard 139: -blockers may decrease BP by inhibiting 1 receptors of the JGA, thus decreasing _____ release
Answer: renin
Flashcard 140: Selective 1 adrenergic antagonists (except tamsulosin) may be used to treat _____ (BP)
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 141: ACE inhibitors and ARBs _____ both preload and afterload
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 142: Thiazide diuretics may be useful in the treatment of idiopathic _____
Answer: hypercalciuria
Flashcard 143: Side effects of spironolactone and ketoconazole include amenorrhea (females) and _____ (males)
Answer: gynecomastia
Flashcard 144: Which 2 agonist may cause a SLE-like syndrome as an adverse effect? _____
Answer: -methyldopa
Flashcard 145: What acid-base disorder may be caused by thiazide diuretics? _____
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Flashcard 146: Cardiovascular/RenalWhat effect may aliskiren have on potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Flashcard 147: When patients with Autosomal Dominant PKD develop hypertension or proteinuria, you may treat with _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors or ARBs (two types of drugs?)
Flashcard 148: What is the primary clinical use for aliskiren? _____
Answer: Treatment of hypertension
Flashcard 149: What class of drugs are contraindicated in C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency? _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Flashcard 150: Hydralazine can rarely cause _____, which may manifest as myalgias, arthralgias, and joint swelling
Answer: drug-induced lupus
Flashcard 151: In addition to its use during hypertensive emergency, fenoldopam is also used _____ as an antihypertensive
Answer: postoperatively
Flashcard 152: Imatinib is a small molecule _____ inhibitor
Answer: tyrosine kinase
Flashcard 153: What effect does fenoldopam have on renal arteries (dilation/constriction)?_____
Answer: Dilation
Flashcard 154: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) The potent diuretic effects of loop diuretics may lead to significant volume loss and thus _____
Answer: dehydration
Flashcard 155: Cardiovascular _____ channel blockers are useful for treating hypertension
Answer: Ca2+
Keywords: Antihypertensives flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Diuretic classes and mechanisms
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ACE inhibitors
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Angiotensin II receptor blockers
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Calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridine/non-dihydropyridine)
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Beta-blockers (cardioselective/non-selective)
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Alpha-blockers
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Alpha-2 agonists
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Direct vasodilators
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Direct renin inhibitors
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SGLT2 inhibitors in hypertension
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Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
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Combination antihypertensive therapy
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Resistant hypertension management
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