Antibiotics — Flashcards

Antibiotics US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Antibiotics with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Antibiotics Flashcard Deck - 1030 Cards

Flashcard 1: _____-toxicity is associated with Isoniazid use

Answer: Hepato

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Flashcard 2: β-lactam antibiotics inhibit what family of enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis? _____

Answer: Penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

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Flashcard 3: Clavulanic acid (clavulanate) is a suicide β-lactamase inhibitor that is combined with the aminopenicillin _ (Augmentin) or the antipseudomonal _

Answer: amoxicillin

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Flashcard 4: Vancomycin causes Red Man Syndrome due to stimulating release of _____

Answer: Histamine

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Flashcard 5: Cephalosporins can cause a Vitamin _____ deficiency

Answer: K

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Flashcard 6: _____ Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is treated with RIPE therapy

Answer: Active

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Flashcard 7: What is the susceptibility of Carbapenems to β-lactamases? _____

Answer: Resistant

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Flashcard 8: Which bacteria are susceptible to tetracyclines? _____

Answer: broad spectrum

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Flashcard 9: Penicillins are effective against the thick peptidoyglycan cell walls of gram ___ bacteria (e.g. _ spp. and ___ spp.)

Answer: positive

Flashcard 10: What class of drugs can displace warfarin (and other drugs) from serum albumin? _____

Answer: Sulfonamides

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Flashcard 11: Dactinomycin affects all populations of rapidly growing cells, resulting in side effects of _____ (bone marrow) and alopecia (hair follicle cells)

Answer: myelosuppression

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Flashcard 12: Fluoroquinolones are _____ due to them causing cartilage damage to the fetus

Answer: teratogenic

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Flashcard 13: In the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, rapid lysis of _____ triggers a strong immunologic response (results in fever, chills after abx administration)

Answer: spirochetes

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Flashcard 14: Rifampin is a(n) _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inducer

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Flashcard 15: Patients who take Nitrofurantoin are at risk for fibrosis of the _____

Answer: lungs

Flashcard 16: The ototoxicity of aminoglycosides can cause either _ or _ damage

Answer: vestibular

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Flashcard 17: Red man syndrome can be avoided by _____ the infusion of vancomycin

Answer: slowing

Extra: Watch Vancomycin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-cell-wall-and-membrane-active-antibiotics-vancomycin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/hypersensitivities?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 18: Treatment of the _____ form of Leprosy includes Rifampin, Dapsone and Clofazimine for 24 months to 5 years

Answer: Lepromatous

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Flashcard 19: Which antibacterial drug may produce a red-orange discoloration of body fluids? _____

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 20: What anti-neoplastic agents may cause interstitial restrictive lung disease? _____, busulfan, methotrexate, and procarbazine

Answer: Bleomycin

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Flashcard 21: Tetracyclines have activity against tick-borne organisms (_____, francisella, borrelia)

Answer: rickettsia

Flashcard 22: Macrolides prevents translocation by binding the 50S ribosome and sterically hindering _____

Answer: peptidyl transfer

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Flashcard 23: Which bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor can cause thrombocytopenia (besides chloramphenicol)? _____

Answer: Linezolid

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Flashcard 24: Which of the antitumor antibiotics can cause mucositis and stomatitis? _____

Answer: Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin

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Flashcard 25: What are the most common adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones? _____

Answer: GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)

Flashcard 26: Penicillin G is given IV and IM, whereas Penicillin V is given _____

Answer: Orally

Flashcard 27: What two pathologies is Chloramphenicol used to treat? _____

Answer: Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia) and Meningitis

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Flashcard 28: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Tetracyclines inhibit? _____

Answer: [E]

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Flashcard 29: Aminoglycosides cause the misreading of _, inhibiting _ and thus protein synthesis

Answer: mRNA

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Flashcard 30: Clindamycin prevents translocation by binding the 50S ribosome and sterically hindering _____

Answer: peptidyl transfer

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 31: What class of antibiotics are teratogenic, causing deafness in newborns? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 32: Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a combination of two synergistic _____ that have activity against VRE

Answer: streptogramins

Flashcard 33: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Rifamycins impact? _____

Answer: [D]

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 34: Which chemotherapeutic drug is used to treat pediatric (childhood) tumors? _____

Answer: Actinomycin D

Flashcard 35: Rifabutin _____ cytochrome p450

Answer: induces

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Flashcard 36: Sulfa drugs are contraindicated in _____, as they can precipitate hemolytic anemia

Answer: G6PD deficiency

Flashcard 37: Linezolid is a weak MAO inhibitor, thus predisposing patients to _____

Answer: serotonin syndrome

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Flashcard 38: What gout drug can precipitate the side effects of penicillins? _____

Answer: Probenecid

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Flashcard 39: Aminoglycosides can lead to severe decreases in _____ serum concentration, which in prolonged use can eventually precipitate tetany

Answer: Mg2+

Flashcard 40: Fluoroquinolones are indicated mostly for gram _____ infections

Answer: negative

Flashcard 41: What structural feature of Penicillins give them their activity? _____

Answer: B-lactam ring

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 42: Which Aminopenicillin is used as part of Helicobacter pylori triple therapy? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

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Flashcard 43: Sulfonamides displace unconjugated bilirubin from albumin; can precipitate _____ in neonates

Answer: kernicterus

Flashcard 44: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is treated empirically with a(n) _____

Answer: 3rd generation cephalosporin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 45: _____ is a type of β-lactamase that cleaves penicillins

Answer: Penicillinase

Flashcard 46: Trimethoprim inhibits the enzyme _____

Answer: Dihydrofolate Reductase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 47: Penicillin binds to PBP transpeptidases by mimicking the _____ sequence of peptidoglycan

Answer: D-ala-D-ala

Flashcard 48: Resistance to Sulfonamides is primarily developed via a mutation of _____

Answer: bacterial dihydropteroate synthase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 49: Are aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin) sensitive to β-lactamases? _____

Answer: Yes!

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Flashcard 50: Tetracyclines are very effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydophila because these drugs _____

Answer: accumulate intracellularly

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Flashcard 51: What drugs are first-line in the treatment of Lyme disease in pregnant women? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin and Cefuroxime

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Flashcard 52: _____ are dose-dependent/independent hematological complications of Chloramphenicol use

Answer: Anemia and Aplastic Anemia

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Flashcard 53: What effect does probenecid have on serum levels of penicillin? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 54: _____ inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in prokaryotes (pyrimidine synthesis)

Answer: Trimethoprim (TMP)

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Flashcard 55: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a large/charged molecule? _____

Answer: Low

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Flashcard 56: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Sulfonamides impact? _____

Answer: [A]

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Flashcard 57: Aminoglycosides are primarily indicated for severe Gram-_____ infections

Answer: Negative Rod

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Flashcard 58: _____ readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is used to treat tuberculous meningitis

Answer: Pyrazinamide

Flashcard 59: Which one of the following drugs is a major cytochrome p450 inducer? _____

Answer: Rifampin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 60: Which Carbapenem is resistant to Renal Dehydropeptidase I? _____

Answer: Meropenem

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Flashcard 61: What renal acid-base disturbance can be caused by TMP-SMX? _____

Answer: Type IV RTA (hyperkalemic)

Flashcard 62: Which two antibiotics are used to treat nosocomial MRSA infections? _____

Answer: Vancomycin; Linezolid

Flashcard 63: Probenecid is a(n) _____ drug and thus in susceptible patients can cause symptoms ranging from Fever to UTI to Stevens Johnson Syndrome

Answer: Sulfa

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Flashcard 64: An effective treatment for Moraxella catarrhalis is _____ and clavulanic acid

Answer: amoxicillin

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Flashcard 65: Which Penicillinase-resistant penicillin is commonly used to treat Staph Aureus? _____

Answer: Nafcillin

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Flashcard 66: Which antibiotic can cause thrombophlebitis at the injection site? _____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 67: Which group of modified penicillins is associated with the following rash? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Aminopenicillins

Flashcard 68: Do bacterial ribosomal inhibitors affect the human ribosome (80S)? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 69: Carbapenems are associated with significant side effects, including GI distress, skin rash, and _____

Answer: seizures*

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 70: Which aminopenicillin can be used in asplenic or sickle cell patients to prophylactically treat encapsulated (e.g. Strep pneumoniae or H. influenzae) infection? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 71: Aztreonam, a β-lactam based monobactam, prevents cross-linking by binding to _____

Answer: Penicillin-binding protein 3

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 72: _____ is a type of β-lactamase that cleaves cephalosporins

Answer: Cephalosporinase

Flashcard 73: Can Clindamycin be used to treat Gardnerella Vaginalis? _____

Answer: Yes

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Flashcard 74: What is the treatment for all stages of Syphilis? _____

Answer: Benzathine Penicillin G (intramuscular)

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Flashcard 75: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Aminoglycosides inhibit? _____

Answer: [B]

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Flashcard 76: _____ is used to treat anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

Answer: Clindamycin

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Flashcard 77: _____ has an altered PBP target site and is thus resistant to anti-staph penicillins

Answer: MRSA

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Flashcard 78: Carbapenems work by by binding bacterial _____, inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Answer: transpeptidases

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 79: Patients that overdose on Isoniazid can develop a(n) _____ anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer: high

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 80: Vancomycin is only indicated for serious infections caused by Staph Aureus or Staph Epidermidis when they are resistant to _____

Answer: Penicillins

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 81: Vitamin K deficiency can occur after prolonged use of broad-spectrum _____

Answer: antibiotics

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 82: Which enzyme is inhibited by sulfamethoxazole (SMX)? _____

Answer: Dihydropteroate synthase (prokaryotic)

Flashcard 83: Sulfonamides are contraindicated in patients with a deficiency of the enzyme _____

Answer: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 84: Fidaxomicin is indicated for recurrent cases of infection by _____

Answer: Clostridioides difficile

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Flashcard 85: Resistance to cephalosporins and aztreonam is typically accomplished by _____ that are encoded on plasmids

Answer: Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL)

Extra: Watch Cephalosporins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-cell-wall-and-membrane-active-antibiotics-cephalosporins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 86: What drug class includes tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 87: Which of the antitumor antibiotics are associated with myelosuppression? _____

Answer: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, actinomycin D

Flashcard 88: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside that treats tulermia caused by _____

Answer: Francisella tularensis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 89: To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the pneumonia "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" is used 30S inhibitors: A: _____ T: Tetracyclines (aminoacyl-tRNA binding) 50S inhibitors: C: Chloramphenicol C: Clindamycin E: Erythromycin (macrolides) (translocation) L: Linezolid (initiation complex)

Answer: Aminoglycosides (initiation complex, mRNA translation)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 90: Cephalosporins inhibit bacterial _____

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases (PBPs).

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Flashcard 91: Patients who are high risk for endocarditis and are undergoing surgical or dental procedures should be given _____ prophylaxis

Answer: Amoxicillin

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Flashcard 92: What is the treatment for E. coli UTI? _____

Answer: TMP-SMX

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Flashcard 93: Which type of antibiotics interfere with synthesis of the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 94: Daptomycin is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

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Flashcard 95: _____ Ceftriaxone is the first line treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer: IM

Flashcard 96: Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia can be treated with either azithromycin or _____

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 97: What drug decreases renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid? _____

Answer: Probenecid

Flashcard 98: _____ of liposomal Doxorubicin can also result in Hand-Foot Syndrome

Answer: PEGylation

Flashcard 99: Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae includes _____, doxycycline, and fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

Answer: macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin)

Extra: Watch Mycoplasma pneumoniae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-mycoplasma-pneumoniae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 100: People who have decreased levels of the liver enzyme _____ lead to an increased risk** of toxicity

Answer: n-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 101: Anaerobic infections above the diaphragm are treated with _____

Answer: clindamycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 102: Macrolides cause GI motility issues as they agonize the _____ receptor

Answer: motilin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 103: Macrolides (-thromycin) can cause _____, resulting in jaundice

Answer: acute cholestatic hepatitis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 104: Fluoroquinolones are _____ synthesis inhibitors

Answer: nucleic acid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 105: Which antibiotic is first-line in the treatment of intra-abdominal anaerobic infections? _____

Answer: Metronidazole

Extra: Watch Metronidazole [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-other-antibiotics-metronidazole?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 106: Which antitumor antibiotic drug solely forms free radicals, causing strand breaks in DNA? _____

Answer: Bleomycin

Flashcard 107: If a patient taking penicillin manifests with nausea, hives, or wheezing, and the following rash, they are demonstrating what side effect? _____

Answer: Type I Hypersensitivity

Extra: Watch Penicillin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-cell-wall-and-membrane-active-antibiotics-penicillin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/hypersensitivities?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 108: Penicillin G treats left-sided endocarditis caused by _ and _

Answer: Strep viridans

Flashcard 109: Because Trimethoprim blocks the reduction of DHF Reductase, it is associated with a(n) _____ anemia and well as increased susceptibility to infections

Answer: Megaloblastic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 110: Aminoglycosides are bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 111: Aminoglycosides bind the _ ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the _

Answer: 30S

Flashcard 112: Which enzyme is inhibited by trimethoprim (TMP)? _____

Answer: Dihydrofolate reductase (prokaryotic)

Flashcard 113: What is the treatment for Staph aureus infections (not MRSA)? _____

Answer: Nafcillin

Extra: Watch Staph aureus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-staphylococcus-aureus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 114: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside applied _____ or ingested as a(n) ammonium detoxicant

Answer: topically

Flashcard 115: Isoniazid _____ cytochrome p450

Answer: inhibits

Flashcard 116: Rifamycins can cause minor _____toxicity

Answer: hepato

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 117: Which step ([A] - [D]) of Mycobacterial homeostasis does Pyrazinamide impact? _____

Answer: [B]

Flashcard 118: A patient has recently been scratched by a cat and develops a febrile lymphadenitis, what two classes of drugs can you use? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines and Macrolides

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 119: Sulfonamides (e.g. sulfamethoxazole) have activity against the gram positive branching, filamentous rod _____

Answer: Nocardia

Flashcard 120: What antibiotics are used to treat hepatic encephalopathy? _____

Answer: rifaximin and neomycin

Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki

Flashcard 121: Isoniazid (INH) is a prodrug that is activated by _____, which is produced by Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Answer: KatG (a catalase-peroxidase)

Flashcard 122: What is the treatment of endometritis? _____

Answer: Clindamycin + Gentamicin

Extra: Watch Clindamycin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-clindamycin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 123: Resistance to Chloramphenicol is encoded via a plasmid-encoded _____ enzyme

Answer: acetyltransferase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 124: What is the spectrum of activity for Daptomycin? _____

Answer: Gram positives

Flashcard 125: What type of penicillins have a positively charged R-group? _____

Answer: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin)

Flashcard 126: Sulfa drugs can cause a drug-induced _____

Answer: lupus

Flashcard 127: Linezolid binds to the _ ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the _

Answer: 50S

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 128: Which group of modified penicillins is especially useful for Pseudomonas and Gram Negative Rods (ex. Bacteroides)? _____

Answer: Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 129: What is the first-line treatment of gram-positive Bacillus anthracis? _____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 130: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a small lipophilic molecule, especially if it can bind to tissue protein? _____

Answer: High

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 131: What class of antimicrobials are the following drugs? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 132: What cephalosporin can bind the altered PBPs of MRSA? _____

Answer: Ceftaroline

Flashcard 133: What drug can be used instead of Ethambutol to treat Mycobacteria tuberculosis infection? _____

Answer: Streptomycin

Flashcard 134: Which two antibiotics bind to the 50S subunit of ribosomes and inhibit translocation? _____

Answer: Macrolides and Clindamycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 135: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Clofazimine impact? _____

Answer: [F]

Flashcard 136: Which 3rd generation Cephalosporin is used to treat meningitis and gonorrhea? _____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Extra: Watch Neisseria gonorrhoeae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-cocci-neisseria-gonorrhoeae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Cephalosporins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-aminoglycosides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 137: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause Gray baby syndrome in infants? _____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 138: Patients should not consume Milk, Antacids, or Iron-containing preparations with Tetracyclines as they prevent the drugs _____

Answer: absorption

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 139: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50s subunit and can be used in the treatment of chlamydia

Answer: Azithromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 140: Resistance to Linezolid is developed via a point mutation of _____

Answer: ribosomal RNA

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 141: What nephrotoxicity is caused by Sulfonamides? _____

Answer: Acute interstitial nephritis

Flashcard 142: Fluoroquinolones can be used for _____-pneumonias

Answer: atypical

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 143: Rifampin can be remembered by the 4 R's DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor Ramps up microsomal CYP450 Red/orange body fluids Rapid _____ if used alone

Answer: Resistance

Flashcard 144: Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapy is a PPI, _____, metronidazole and a(n) tetracycline

Answer: bismuth therapy

Extra: Watch Helicobacter pylori [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-helicobacter-pylori?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 145: Vancomycin has activity against gram _____

Answer: positives

Extra: Watch Vancomycin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-cell-wall-and-membrane-active-antibiotics-vancomycin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 146: What is the most common adverse effect of Clindamycin? _____

Answer: Diarrhea

Flashcard 147: Does Ciprofloxacin alter the blood levels of drugs like Warfarin, Digoxin, Statins? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 148: What is the treatment for uncomplicated Proteus mirabilis infection? _____

Answer: TMP-SMX

Extra: Watch Proteus mirabilis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-proteus-mirabilis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 149: What 2 classes of penicillins can penetrate the porins of gram negative bacteria? _____

Answer: Aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin); Antipseudomonal penicillins (ticarcillin, piperacillin)

Flashcard 150: When treating patients with M avium-intracellulare (MAC) infections, you can give _ + _

Answer: Ethambutol

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 151: Penicillin V is _____, meaning it can be given orally

Answer: acid stable

Flashcard 152: Bacitracin is used as a topical treatment for highly resistant Gram _____ infections

Answer: positive

Flashcard 153: Monobactams bind to _____

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Flashcard 154: Clindamycin treats anaerobic bugs like _____ and Clostridium perfringens above the diaphragm

Answer: Bacteroides fragilis

Flashcard 155: _____ generation cephalosporins can be used to treat community and hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer: 3rd

Flashcard 156: What type of bacteria do monobactams have activity towards? _____

Answer: Aerobic, gram (-) rods

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 157: All generations of Cephalosporins can be used for Gram-_____

Answer: positive cocci

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 158: Denosumab prevents _____ activation by binding RANKL expressed on osteoblasts

Answer: osteoclast

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki

Flashcard 159: Patients taking aminoglycosides can present with vertigo, ataxia, and nausea due to damage to the _____

Answer: vestibulocochlear apparatus

Flashcard 160: Vancomycin is given empirically for signs of _____ in most age groups

Answer: meningitis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 161: Which antibiotic is used as treatment for Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch)? _____

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 162: What class of antibiotics can cause teeth discoloration in children? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 163: Vancomycin is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Extra: Watch Vancomycin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-cell-wall-and-membrane-active-antibiotics-vancomycin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 164: Macrolide (-thromycin) antibiotics are bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 165: Which aminoglycoside remains active in the GI tract? _____

Answer: Neomycin

Flashcard 166: Is there immunologic cross-reactivity between penicillin and monobactams? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 167: Patients taking Tetracyclines can manifest symptoms of skin sensitivity to _____ and GI distress

Answer: light

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 168: Is Isoniazid indicated to treat both tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 169: Penicillin G is administered _____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 170: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin) can be used with clavulanic acid/clavulanate, a(n) _____

Answer: β-lactamase inhibitor

Flashcard 171: If a patient presents with an undulating fever, what antimicrobial can be used to treat the organism in question? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 172: Does Aztreonam have any cross-allergenicity with penicillins? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 173: What is the treatment for Neisseria meningitidis? _____ or Penicillin G

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Extra: Watch Neisseria meningitidis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-cocci-neisseria-meningitidis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 174: What is the treatment of MSSA S. aureus osteomyelitis? _____

Answer: Anti-staph penicillins (nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)

Flashcard 175: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Macrolides inhibit? _____

Answer: [D]

Flashcard 176: Which antibiotics are chelated by cations (Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+)? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines; Fluoroquinolones

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 177: Which antibiotic class is used against extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacteria? _____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 178: _____ macrolides must be given to treat trachoma (Chlamydia trachomatis serotype A, B, C)

Answer: Oral

Extra: Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 179: Ceftriaxone and _____ are used in the empiric treatment of meningitis

Answer: Vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 180: Fluoroquinolones that are known as "Respiratory Fluoroquinolones" are known as such because they exhibit enhanced activity against _____

Answer: Strep pneumoniae

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 181: What is the treatment for Actinomyces infection? _____

Answer: Penicillin G

Extra: Watch Actinomyces israelii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-branching-filamentous-rods-actinomyces-israelii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Penicillin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-branching-filamentous-rods-actinomyces-israelii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 182: Treatment for Legionella pneumophila infection includes _____ or levofloxacin/moxifloxacin (fluoroquinolones)

Answer: azithromycin (macrolides)

Extra: Watch Legionella pneumophila [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-legionella-pneumophila?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 183: Probenecid _____ the plasma concentration of drugs (penicillin, methotrexate, NSAIDs, etc.)

Answer: increases

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 184: Administration of Penicillin for _____ may lead to the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Answer: Syphilis

Flashcard 185: Vancomycin, opioids, and _____ can cause IgE-independent mast cell degranulation

Answer: radiocontrast dye

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/hypersensitivities?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 186: Mycobacterium avium complex is treated with _____ combined with ethambutol

Answer: azithromycin/clarithromycin (a macrolide)

Flashcard 187: Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic? _____

Answer: Bactericidal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 188: The benzathine forms of Pencillin V/G make them _____-acting

Answer: long

Flashcard 189: Linezolid can be used to treat _____-resistant bacteria (e.g. Enterococcus)

Answer: vancomycin

Flashcard 190: How do Cephalosporin antibiotics influence the nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides? _____

Answer: Increase

Flashcard 191: _____ resistance occurs in Enterococcus spp. (VRE) via amino acid modification of D-Ala-D-Ala to D-Ala-D-Lac

Answer: Vancomycin

Extra: Watch Enterococcus faecium & faecalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-enterococcus-faecium-and-faecalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 192: Which aminopenicillin can be used in dental procedures to prophylactically treat endocarditis in high-risk patients? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 193: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin) causing a maculopapular rash in EBV infection is a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction

Answer: IV

Flashcard 194: The antibiotics fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines should not be consumed with _____

Answer: cations (Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 195: β-lactams (e.g. penicillin, cephalosporins, etc.) work by halting _____ synthesis via inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) transpeptidase activity

Answer: peptidoglycan

Flashcard 196: Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapy is used when the bacteria is resistant to _____

Answer: clarithromycin

Flashcard 197: Reversible inhibition of growth Bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 198: Streptomycin has notable _____ toxicity and nephrotoxicity

Answer: CNS

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 199: Polymixin B and E (Colistin) are used as salvage therapy for Multi Drug Resistant Gram _____ infections

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 200: Monobactams _____ penetrate the CNS

Answer: can

Flashcard 201: To prevent post-surgical wound infections by Staph aureus, what Cephalosporin is indicated? _____

Answer: Cefazolin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 202: Infants who are taking sulfonamides are at risk for _____

Answer: Kernicterus

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 203: Sulfonamides can cause a Type _____ Renal Tubular Acidosis

Answer: IV

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki

Flashcard 204: Which generations of cephalosporins have the largest spectrum of activity? _____

Answer: 4th (cefepime) and 5th (ceftaroline)

Flashcard 205: Cephalosporins are associated with a(n) _____ reaction

Answer: Disulfiram like

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 206: Erythromycin can be used to treat Neonatal Conjunctivitis caused by what two microbes? _____

Answer: Neisseria Gonorrhae, Chlamydophila Trachomatis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Remember to give orally for chlamydia to prevent pneumonia

Flashcard 207: What is the susceptibility of monobactams (aztreonam) to β-lactamases? _____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 208: Penicillins are what class of antibiotics? _____

Answer: β-lactams

Flashcard 209: The MoA of Carbapenems and Monobactams is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 210: Rifampin is a CYP450 _ and thus is contraindicated in HIV due to it _ HIV protease inhibitor serum concentrations

Answer: activator

Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 211: Dapsone is used to treat Mycobacterium _____

Answer: leprae

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 212: Isoniazid (INH) works by inhibiting the synthesis of _ production on _

Answer: mycolic acid

Flashcard 213: Does inhibition of transpeptidases directly kill bacteria? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 214: Sulfonamides can cause _____thyroidism

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 215: Macrolides are _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitors

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 216: Tetracyclines can deposit in teeth and bone; therefore they are contraindicated in children; _____ women and breastfeeding women

Answer: pregnant

Flashcard 217: Carbapenems bind to _____

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Flashcard 218: What is the susceptibility of Cephalosporins to β-lactamases? _____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 219: Aminoglycosides, their toxicities, and their coverage can be remembered by the mnemonic _____

Answer: Mean GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 220: Which antibiotic can bind GI motilin receptors, resulting in diarrhea? _____

Answer: Erythromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 221: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50s subunit and can be used in the treatment of acne

Answer: Clindamycin

Extra: Watch Clindamycin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-clindamycin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-skin?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/superficial-skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 222: _____ is a macrolide antibiotic that can be used to treat diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer: Erythromycin

Flashcard 223: Fluoroquinolones are often used to treat Gram _____ infections of the GI and Urinary tract

Answer: Negative Rods

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 224: _____ is a complication of Chloramphenicol use in premature infants as they lack hepatic UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase

Answer: Gray Baby Syndrome

Flashcard 225: What lipopeptide can be used to treat VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)? _____

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 226: What is the treatment for Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis? _____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 227: 2nd generation cephalosporins include _____, cefotetan, cefoxitin and cefaclor

Answer: cefuroxime

Flashcard 228: Rifampin _____ cytochrome p450

Answer: induces

Flashcard 229: Tetracyclines are contraindicated in pregnancy and in children due to their ability to: 1) discolor / deposit in _____ 2) inhibit bone growth

Answer: teeth

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 230: _____ are a class of antibiotics that are avoided in pregnancy as they cause cartilage damage

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 231: What renal adverse effect is precipitated by use of expired tetracyclines? _____

Answer: Fanconi syndrome (Type 2 Renal tubular acidosis)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 232: Tazobactam is an irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor that is combined with _____ (Zosyn)

Answer: piperacillin (antipseudomonal penicillin)

Flashcard 233: _____ are a class of protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics that are effective against intracellular organisms by virtue of their ability to accumulate intracellularly

Answer: Tetracyclines

Extra: Watch Rickettsia rickettsii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-rickettsii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 234: Tigecycline is useful for infections that have _____ tissue penetration

Answer: deep

Flashcard 235: MDR pseudomonas and acinetobacter baumannii are treated with _____

Answer: polymixins B + E (colisitin)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 236: Which step ([A] - [D]) of Mycobacterial homeostasis does Isoniazid (INH) impact? _____

Answer: [C]

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 237: What drug is used for treatment or prophylaxis of rheumatic fever? _____

Answer: Penicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki

Flashcard 238: Ethambutol blocks the enzyme _____, inhibiting carbohydrate polymerization at the bacterial cell wall

Answer: arabinosyl transferase

Flashcard 239: Which bacterial ribosomal subunit is targeted by Chloramphenicol? _____

Answer: 50S

Flashcard 240: What antibiotics are the drug of choice for Enterobacter? _____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 241: Which Topoisomerases do Fluoroquinolones inhibit? _____

Answer: II and IV

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 242: What is the treatment of primary, secondary and latent syphilis (Treponema pallidum)? _____

Answer: Benzathine penicillin G (intramuscular)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 243: Fluoroquinolones are indicated for treatment of Otitis _____

Answer: Externa

Flashcard 244: Which antibiotics can result in acute tubular necrosis? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 245: Treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis includes metronidazole and _____

Answer: clindamycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 246: What is the first-line treatment of complicated UTIs? _____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 247: Fluoroquinolone side effects (ex. GI upset) are most likely mediated by _____ toxicity

Answer: mitochondrial

Flashcard 248: Vancomycin can cause a potentially fatal delayed hypersensitivity reaction known as _____ syndrome

Answer: DRESS

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 249: Which antibiotics bind the 50S ribosomal subunit suppressing translocation? _____

Answer: Clindamycin; Macrolides

Flashcard 250: Hematological complications of Trimethoprim (TMP) use include _____ (granulocytopenia, leukopenia) and megaloblastic anemia

Answer: pancytopenia

Flashcard 251: _____ generation cephalosporins are able to penetrate the CNS

Answer: 3rd

Flashcard 252: Macrolides bind the bacterial 23s rRNA of the 50s subunit, blocking amino-acyl transpeptidation and _____

Answer: translocation

Flashcard 253: What is the susceptability of amoxicillin, ampicillin (aminopenicillins) to β-lactamase? _____

Answer: Sensitive

Flashcard 254: Rifampin works by binding to bacterial _____, inhibiting RNA synthesis

Answer: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Extra: Watch Transcription and RNA Processing [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology/videos/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology-rna-transcription-and-rna-processing?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Tuberculosis Drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antimycobacterials-tuberculosis-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 255: _____ can be used alone as treatment for latent tuberculosis infections

Answer: Isoniazid (INH)

Flashcard 256: 1st generation cephalosporins include _____ and cefazolin

Answer: cephalexin

Flashcard 257: Which antibiotic can precipitate serotonin toxicity when coadministered with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, and bupropion? _____

Answer: Linezolid

Extra: Watch Linezolid [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-linezolid?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 258: All β-lactam antibiotics are _____, as cell walls of bacteria are essential for growth and development

Answer: bactericidal

Flashcard 259: Disulfiram-like reaction is an adverse effect of what β-lactam antibiotics? _____

Answer: Cephalosporins

Flashcard 260: TMP-SMX are _____ and should be avoided due to inhibition of folate metabolism

Answer: teratogenic

Flashcard 261: Antibiotics are associated with vitamin _____ deficiency due to activity against colonic bacteria

Answer: K

Flashcard 262: Interstitial nephritis that develops as a result of Penicillin administration is a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction

Answer: IV

Flashcard 263: Macrolides (azithromycin) treat atypical "walking" pneumonia caused by _____, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer: Legionella

Flashcard 264: Pyrazinamide is activated to its active metabolite _____ in the host phagolysosome

Answer: pyrazinoic acid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 265: The mnemonic CAMPFIRE can be used to remember the drugs effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa _____ Aminoglycosides Monobactams (aztreonam) Polymixins (polymixin B, colistin) Fluoroquinolones (cipro, levofloxacin) thIRd and fourth-gen cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime) Extended spectrum (antipseudomonal) penicillins (piperacillin, ticarcillin)

Answer: Carbapenems

Extra: Watch Pseudomonas aeruginosa [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-pseudomonas-aeruginosa?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 266: A 3rd generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone) indicated for patients who have Lyme disease that is _____

Answer: disseminated

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 267: 1st generation cephalosporins have activity mostly against gram-_____ organisms

Answer: positive

Flashcard 268: What is the most common route of administration of Aminoglycosides? _____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 269: The treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is _____ + azithromycin or doxycycline for possible chlamydia infection

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 270: Anti-staph penicillins are ineffective against which bug and why? _____

Answer: MRSA due to altered PBP target site

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 271: _____ are protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 30s subunit and can be used in the treatment of acne.

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 272: What generation of cephalosporins have coverage against vancomycin-intermediate staph aureus (VISA)? _____

Answer: 5th gen. (ceftaroline)

Flashcard 273: Clindamycin use can unintentionally cause an overgrowth of _____

Answer: Clostridioides difficile

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 274: Should you ever treat active tuberculosis with a monotherapy? _____

Answer: NO!

Flashcard 275: What drug may cause anti-factor 8 antibodies resulting in acquired hemophilia? _____

Answer: Penicillin

Extra: * due to increased clearance of factor 8 Watch Inherited Coagulation Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-inherited-coagulation-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 276: Cefepime is indicated as empiric therapy in _____

Answer: febrile neutropenia

Flashcard 277: What drug is commonly used to treat lung abscesses? _____

Answer: Clindamycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 278: Monobactams treat meningitis and pneumonia caused by _____ only

Answer: aerobic gram negative rods

Flashcard 279: Can Sulfonamides cause sloughing of skin at the dermal-epidermal junction? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki Toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson syndrome This 6-month-old patient presents with toxic epidermal necrolysis, the severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Smallpox vaccination can trigger toxic epidermal necrolysis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome following sulfonamide treatment Blistering of skin and epidermal detachment involving the conjunctiva are visible, resembling a superficial burn.

Flashcard 280: Daptomycin can be used to treat _____-resistant bacterial strains

Answer: vancomycin

Flashcard 281: Which of the following macrolides inhibit cytochrome p450 enzymes? _____

Answer: Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 282: Which antibiotics can result in neuromuscular blockade? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 283: To be active, Carbapenems typically need to be administered with an inhibitor of _____, an inactivating enzyme located in the Kidney

Answer: Dehydropeptidase I

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 284: TMP-SMX can be used to treat acute _____ in men

Answer: prostatitis

Flashcard 285: Are Tetracyclines indicated for patients who are experiencing symptoms of Meningitis? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 286: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Fluoroquinolones impact? _____

Answer: [E]

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 287: Is Rifampin/Rifabutin indicated to treat both tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 288: Patients on chronic _____ therapy should not be prescribed fluoroquinolones due to a significantly increased risk of tendon / cartilage damage

Answer: steroid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 289: Which of the antitumor antibiotics can cause hyperpigmentation of skin? _____

Answer: Bleomycin

Flashcard 290: Daptomycin is a lipopeptide used to treat Multi Drug Resistant Gram-_____ infections

Answer: Positive Cocci

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 291: Resistance to Tetracyclines includes bacterial _ modification/protection via soluble _ analogues

Answer: ribosomal

Flashcard 292: While Aztreonam is usually nontoxic, patients can experience the occasional _____

Answer: GI upset

Flashcard 293: Macrolides can be used to treat Pertussis as long as it is still in the _____ phase

Answer: catarrhal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 294: Which macrolide antibiotic(s) inhibit CYP450? _____

Answer: Clarithromycin, erythromycin

Flashcard 295: What drug is used instead of Rifampin in patients on HIV protease inhibitors? _____

Answer: Rifabutin

Flashcard 296: _____ is a combination of sulfapyridine (anti-bacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Answer: Sulfasalazine

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki

Flashcard 297: What is the first line treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 298: Does fidaxomicin have a weaker or stronger effect on normal colonic flora than metronidazole or vancomycin? _____

Answer: weaker

Flashcard 299: Which of the antitumor antibiotics is associated with minimal myelosuppression? _____

Answer: Bleomycin

Flashcard 300: _____ is an aminopenicillin that should be used to treat Lyme disease in pregnant women and children

Answer: Amoxicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 301: Treatment of the Tuberculoid form of Leprosy includes _ and _ for 6 months

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 302: Slow-_____ have an increased risk of side effects from Isoniazid (INH)

Answer: acetylators

Flashcard 303: Aminoglycosides result in nephrotoxicity, specifically _____

Answer: acute tubular necrosis

Flashcard 304: What antimicrobial nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor can be used to treat Salmonella gastroenteritis and osteomyelitis? _____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 305: Aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity by damaging the _____

Answer: proximal convoluted tubule

Flashcard 306: The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is a response to the release of endotoxin-like factors from the lysis of _____ organisms that manifests as fevers, chills, and myalgias

Answer: Treponema pallidum

Flashcard 307: _____ is a macrolide antibiotic that can be used in prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with CD4 count < 50

Answer: Azithromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 308: Actinomycin D _____ into DNA, blocking DNA and RNA synthesis

Answer: intercalates

Flashcard 309: Those in close contact with individuals infected with Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) should receive prophylactic _____

Answer: macrolides (erythromycin)

Flashcard 310: Toxicities of aminoglycosides are worsened when administered with _____ diuretics or vancomycin

Answer: loop

Flashcard 311: Which treatment for SIADH may end up causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? _____

Answer: Demeclocycline

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine Watch ADH, DDAVP, ADH receptor antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-adh-ddavp-adh-receptor-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki

Flashcard 312: What aminopenicillin has a long oral bioavailability? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 313: Damage to which organ can result in problems with Vancomycin clearance? _____

Answer: Kidneys

Flashcard 314: Which β-lactam is used to treat Listeria monocytogenes meningitis? _____

Answer: Ampicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 315: Aztreonam is especially useful for patients with _____-insufficiency (and therefore can't tolerate aminoglycosides)

Answer: renal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 316: What generation of cephalosporins can be used to treat UTIs caused by gram negative bacteria (PEcK)? _____

Answer: 1st generation cephalosporins

Flashcard 317: What is the treatment of the plague caused by Yersinia pestis? _____

Answer: Doxycycline with streptomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 318: 4th generation cephalosporins include _____

Answer: cefepime

Flashcard 319: Sulfonamides are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme _____

Answer: Dihydropteroate Synthase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 320: Sulfasalazine is a combination of _____ (anti-inflammatory) and Sulfapyridine (anti-bacterial), and thus is contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies

Answer: Mesalamine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki

Flashcard 321: Does TMP-SMX have activity against MRSA? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 322: Which carbapenem has a decreased risk of seizure? _____

Answer: Meropenem

Flashcard 323: Fluoroquinolones can be used to treat acute _____ in men

Answer: prostatitis

Flashcard 324: What is the penicillinase susceptibility Anti-staph penicillins ? _____

Answer: Resistant (bulky R-groups block access)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 325: _____ are commonly used in patients that cannot tolerate aminoglycosides due to renal insufficiency

Answer: Monobactams (aztreonam)

Flashcard 326: Which RIPE drug can cause uric acid crystal formation and ultimately gout? _____

Answer: Pyrazinamide

Flashcard 327: The drug of choice for treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is _____

Answer: penicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 328: Vitamin K deficiency may occur due to long-term _____ therapy, which disrupts the gut flora

Answer: antibiotic

Extra: Watch Vitamin K [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-k?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Acquired Coagulation Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-k?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 329: Bleomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic indicated for _____ as well as cancers of the reproductive system

Answer: lymphoma

Flashcard 330: _____ may be added as a third agent in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex

Answer: Rifabutin

Flashcard 331: Cephalosporins (and other β-lactam antibiotics) mimic the _____ sequence of peptidoglycans, binding irreversibly to penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Answer: D-ala-D-ala

Flashcard 332: What cephalosporins are first line for empiric treatment of meningitis? _____

Answer: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime (3rd gen. cephalosporins)

Flashcard 333: Aminoglycosides are teratogenic, causing _____ in newborns

Answer: deafness

Flashcard 334: Clindamycin is effective against invasive Group A Strep and Staph Aureus infection as it is a potent suppressor of the synthesis of their _____

Answer: toxins

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 335: Are Fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic? _____

Answer: Bactericidal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 336: What is the treatment for Actinomyces israelii? _____

Answer: Penicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 337: Irreversible inhibition of growth Bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 338: What class of drugs does doxorubicin belong to? _____

Answer: Anthracyclines (antitumor antibiotics)

Flashcard 339: Quinupristin-dalfopristin bind to the _____ ribosomal subunit

Answer: 50S

Flashcard 340: What two drugs are commonly used for Lyme disease? _____

Answer: Doxycycline; Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 341: Cephalosporins are β-Lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to _____

Answer: penicillinases

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 342: Which antibiotics should be not be taken with antacids, milk, or ferrous sulfate? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines; Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 343: _ and _ can be used to treat Lyme disease in children and pregnant women (β-lactams)

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 344: Macrolides (-thromycin) can prolong the _____, predisposing to Torsades de pointes

Answer: QT interval

Flashcard 345: Sensitive Enterococcus spp. are treated with _____ or IV ampicillin

Answer: vancomycin

Flashcard 346: To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the mnemonic "_____" is used

Answer: Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 347: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Trimethoprim impact? _____

Answer: [B]

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 348: Resistance to Rifamycins is developed when mutations reduce binding to _____

Answer: RNA polymerase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 349: Which β-lactam antibiotics can cause GI side effects? _____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 350: Clarithromycin and erythromycin _____ cytochrome p-450

Answer: inhibit

Flashcard 351: When should Chloramphenicol be used for the treatment of Rickettsial infections? _____

Answer: Pregnancy

Flashcard 352: To remember the coverage of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Aminopenicillins, use the mnemonic: Am-cillin HHELPSS kill enterococci Haemophilus influenzae Helicobacter pylori Escherchia coli Listeria monocytogenes Proteus mirabilis Salmonella spp. S_____

Answer: higella spp.

Flashcard 353: What is the treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)? _____

Answer: Penicillin G

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 354: _ with _ are used to treat the plague caused by Yersinia pestis

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 355: Which of the RIPE drugs is bacteriostatic? _____

Answer: Ethambutol

Flashcard 356: Fluoroquinolone risk of tendon and cartilage damage is increased with concurrent _____ use

Answer: corticosteroid (e.g. prednisone)

Flashcard 357: Rifampin use is associated with _____-toxicity

Answer: hepato

Flashcard 358: Fluoroquinolones can predispose to superinfection by resistant _____

Answer: C. difficile

Flashcard 359: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic that can cause drug-induced lupus

Answer: Minocycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 360: What drug is first-line in the treatment of Lyme disease? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 361: Resistance to Aminoglycosides is encoded by bacterial _____ enzymes

Answer: transferase

Flashcard 362: Which two drugs are used in the treatment of acute prostatitis in males? _____

Answer: TMP-SMX; Fluoroquinolones

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 363: Sulbactam is an irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor that is combined with _____ (Unasyn)

Answer: ampicillin (an aminopenicillin)

Flashcard 364: Bacitracin works by inhibiting Bactoprenol, a peptidoglycan "building block" _____ molecule

Answer: carrier

Flashcard 365: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Nitrofurantoin impact? _____

Answer: [C]

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki

Flashcard 366: What is used for prophylaxis of Leptospirosis? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: Watch Leptospira interrogans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-leptospira-interrogans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 367: What cephalosporin is used as prophylaxis before abdominal surgery? _____

Answer: Cefoxitin (cephamycin group)

Flashcard 368: C. difficile pseudomembranous colitis is classically linked to which protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic? _____

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 369: _____ is a cephalosporin that can be used to treat endocarditis by S. viridans and "HACEK" organisms

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 370: In pregnant women and children who have been infected with Borrelia Burgdorferi, they should receive _ and _

Answer: amoxicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 371: Is the recurrence rate of C. difficile colitis lower or higher when taking Fidaxomicin than with vancomycin? _____

Answer: Significantly lower

Flashcard 372: 3rd generation cephalosporins are used for meningitis vs other generations of cephalosporins due to their ability to _____

Answer: cross the Blood Brain Barrier

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 373: Macrolides can be used to treat _____ caused by S. pneumonia, H. influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer: community-acquired pneumonia

Flashcard 374: Which group of modified penicillins is associated with Hypersensitivity reactions? _____

Answer: All :)

Flashcard 375: _____ can predispose individuals to vaginal yeast infections

Answer: Antibiotics and OCPs (oral contraceptives)

Extra: Watch Candida albicans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-candida-albicans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 376: The most significant side effects of Daptomycin manifest due to damage to patients _____

Answer: muscles

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 377: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a(n) _____ analog, thus inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase

Answer: PABA

Flashcard 378: Patients taking Bleomycin can experience _____ of the skin

Answer: hyperpigmentation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 379: Less commonly, Fluoroquinolones cause _____pathy

Answer: myo

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 380: Carbapenems treat meningitis and pneumonia caused by gram _____ pathogens

Answer: negative

Flashcard 381: Ceftriaxone is the DOC for what STD? _____

Answer: Gonorrhea

Flashcard 382: Helicobacter pylori triple therapy includes a PPI, _____, and clarithromycin

Answer: amoxicillin/metronidazole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 383: Upon rapid infusion of Vancomycin, if a patient presents like the following image - what is side effect is occurring? _____

Answer: Red Man Syndrome

Flashcard 384: Which RIPE therapy drug can cause drug-induced lupus? _____

Answer: Isoniazid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 385: What is the first line treatment for a patient with H. pylori infection? _____

Answer: Triple therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) + clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Gastroesophageal Refund) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki

Flashcard 386: Aminoglycosides are actively transported into the cell via a(n) _____-dependent process

Answer: oxygen

Flashcard 387: What suffix is associated with Macrolide antibiotics? _____

Answer: -thromycin

Flashcard 388: What is the treatment of MSSA Staph aureus right-sided endocarditis? _____

Answer: Anti-staph penicillins (nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin)

Flashcard 389: Anti-_____ drugs, such as dapsone, may induce oxidative stress and are thus contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency

Answer: tuberculosis

Extra: Watch G6PD Deficiency & Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-g6pd-deficiency-and-autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia-aiha?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki Other:

Flashcard 390: Which generation of Cephalosporins is Cefepime? _____

Answer: 4th Generation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 391: Which antibiotics are associated with photosensitivity, teeth discoloration and GI side effects? _____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 392: Cephalosporins are what class of antibiotic? _____

Answer: β-lactam

Flashcard 393: What is the drug of choice (DOC) for ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae? _____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 394: 3rd generation Cephalosporins are used for serious Gram-_____ infections resistant to other β-lactams

Answer: negative

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 395: What is the treatment for Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis otitis media and sinusitis? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 396: What is one specific gram negative rod monobactams treat? _____

Answer: Pseudomonas

Flashcard 397: Fanconi syndrome (type 2 RTA) is associated with the use of expired _____

Answer: tetracyclines

Flashcard 398: What is first-line in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile? _____

Answer: Oral Vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 399: What adverse effects are associated with demeclocycline? _____

Answer: Photosensitivity and abnormalities of bone/teeth (e.g. discolored teeth)

Flashcard 400: Which 3rd generation cephalosporin can treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection? _____

Answer: Ceftazidime

Flashcard 401: Mechanism of resistance of linezolid includes a(n) _ mutation of the _

Answer: point

Flashcard 402: Are Listeria, MRSA, or Enterococcus covered by 1st–4th generation cephalosporins? _____

Answer: NO

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 403: 1st generation cephalosporins can treat UTIs caused by what bacteria? _____

Answer: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella - PEcK

Flashcard 404: Aminoglycosides are commonly paired with _____ or vancomycin to enhance their penetration of cells

Answer: β-lactams

Flashcard 405: Clindamycin is bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 406: What drug is an inhibitor of prokaryotic RNA polymerase? _____

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 407: Empiric treatment of Pasteurella multocida is with _____

Answer: penicillin

Extra: Watch Pasteurella multocida [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-pasteurella-multocida?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 408: _____ are used to treat ana-erobic infections

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 409: Clindamycin can be used to treat infection by _____; can be acquired from road-rash

Answer: Clostridium perfringens

Flashcard 410: Active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is treated with RIPE therapy: - R_____ - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - Ethambutol (or streptomycin)

Answer: ifampin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki

Flashcard 411: Which antibiotic inserts itself into the cell membrane, causing depolarization of the cell membrane? _____

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 412: What drug is second line in the treatment of Bacillus anthracis? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: Watch Bacillus anthracis & cereus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-bacillus-anthracis-and-cereus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 413: _____ is a possible complication of Clindamycin use due to resultant Clostridioides difficile overgrowth

Answer: Pseudomembranous colitis

Extra: Watch Clostridium difficile [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-clostridioides-difficile?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 414: Trimethoprim can produce what teratogenic defects? _____

Answer: Neural tube defects

Extra: Watch Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-other-antibiotics-trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 415: How is Vancomycin typically administered? _____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 416: Which penicillin toxicity involves the kidney? _____

Answer: Interstitial nephritis

Flashcard 417: If patients with _____ are given aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin), a maculopapular rash will develop days to weeks after

Answer: Epstein-Barr Virus

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 418: What is the primary clinical use of Tetracycline antibiotics? _____

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Intracellular bugs such as Rickettsia and Chlamydiae

Flashcard 419: Tigecycline is primarily used for bacteria that are _____

Answer: multiple-drug resistant

Flashcard 420: Vancomycin is a known cause of _-philia and skin _

Answer: eosino

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 421: Examples of drugs eliminated by zero-order elimination include _____, ethanol, and aspirin (high concentrations)

Answer: phenytoin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki

Flashcard 422: Which generation of Cephalosporins are Cefaclor, Cefoxetin, Cefuroxime? _____

Answer: 2nd Generation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 423: What is the spectrum of activity for Clindamycin? _____

Answer: Gram positives; anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

Flashcard 424: Vancomycin-resistant Staph aureus can be treated by _____

Answer: daptomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 425: Resistance to Isoniazid can develop due to mutations that lead to underexpression of _____

Answer: KatG

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 426: Can you use Daptomycin to treat lung infections? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 427: The treatment for rickettsia species is _____

Answer: doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 428: TMP-SMX are contraindicated in the _____ trimester (pregnancy), due to their effects on folate metabolism

Answer: 1st

Flashcard 429: Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic that works by inhibiting _____

Answer: isoleucine t-RNA synthetase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 430: Chloramphenicol causes a dose-_ anemia and a dose-_ aplastic-anemia

Answer: dependent

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 431: Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children _____ old due to damage to growing cartilage

Answer: < 18* years

Flashcard 432: Aminopenicillins can cause a(n) maculopapular rash if given in the setting of viral illnesses, such as _____

Answer: EBV infectious mononucleosis

Flashcard 433: The mnemonic CAMPFIRE can be used to remember the drugs effective against _____

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flashcard 434: Vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus (VISA) has an unusually thickened _____

Answer: cell wall

Flashcard 435: Red man syndrome is characterized by histamine release with possible _____-tension

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 436: Enterococcus spp. can become resistant to ampicillin due to _____ production

Answer: β-lactamase

Flashcard 437: Vitamin B6 deficiency may occur with _____ and oral contraceptive use

Answer: isoniazid

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki

Flashcard 438: Resistance to Tetracyclines includes bacterial production of _____ pumps

Answer: efflux

Flashcard 439: Penicillins inhibit the ability of bacteria to generate a cell wall, which causes death by _ In addition, penicillins allow accumulation of peptidoglycan precursors, which activates bacterial _

Answer: osmolysis

Flashcard 440: Carbapenems _____ penetrate the CNS

Answer: can

Flashcard 441: Pyrazinamide is _-toxic, even leading to _ necrosis

Answer: hepato

Flashcard 442: Isoniazid use can result in metabolic _____

Answer: acidosis

Flashcard 443: Which Aminoglycoside is not given intravenously? _____

Answer: Neomycin

Flashcard 444: Which antibiotic blocks peptidyltransferase at the 50S subunit? _____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 445: Which antibiotic is typically used to treat meningitis in developing countries? _____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 446: Penicillins can result in autoimmune _____, which results in a positive direct Coombs test due to IgG against penicillin binding to RBCs

Answer: hemolytic anemia

Flashcard 447: Which has greater oral bioavailability? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 448: Daptomycin is inactivated by _____ and thus cannot be used to treat pneumonia

Answer: alveolar surfactant

Flashcard 449: Which bacterial ribosomal subunit is targeted by Linezolid? _____

Answer: 50S

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 450: Red man syndrome is characterized by erythema, pruritus, and widespread _____

Answer: flushing

Flashcard 451: Rifampin is used as prophylactic mono-therapy in those exposed to _____

Answer: H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis

Flashcard 452: Resistance to Tetracyclines occurs in two primary ways 1) Decreasing _____ 2) Increasing efflux

Answer: uptake

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 453: Bleomycin can have severe effects at the lung, which over time can cause _____

Answer: pulmonary fibrosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 454: Carbapenems may cause skin _____

Answer: rash

Flashcard 455: Tetracyclines are associated with _____

Answer: photosensitivity

Flashcard 456: Isoniazid promotes the excretion of _____, therefore resulting in deficiency and peripheral neuropathy

Answer: pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Flashcard 457: Imipenem is rapidly degraded by renal _____

Answer: dehydropeptidase I

Flashcard 458: Which antibiotic causes the misreading of mRNA and inhibition of translation? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 459: Which antibiotic binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the initiation complex? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 460: What class of β-lactam antibiotics are indicated in drug-resistant infections? _____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 461: Sulfonamides _____ cytochrome P450

Answer: inhibit

Flashcard 462: _____ are a class of antibiotics that can possibly cause leg cramps and myalgias along with cartilage damage

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 463: _____ is a lipopeptide that can be used to treat MRSA bacteremia

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 464: Isoniazid is a(n) _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 465: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-independent aplastic anemia? _____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Extra: Watch Chloramphenicol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-chloramphenicol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 466: What class of bacterial genetics inhibitors can be used to treat anthrax? _____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 467: Are Listeria, MRSA, or Enterococcus covered by 5th generation cephalosporins (Ceftaroline)? _____

Answer: YES

Flashcard 468: What is the treatment for MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)? _____

Answer: Vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 469: _ and _ are first generation cephalosporins that can be used to treat skin/soft tissue infections by Staph/Strep

Answer: Cephalexin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 470: What is the antibiotic treatment for S. epidermidis prosthetic valve endocarditis? (3) _____

Answer: Intravenous nafcillin + rifampin for 6 weeks + gentamicin for 2 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 471: What tuberculosis drug is most commonly associated with liver injury? _____

Answer: Isoniazid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 472: What is the first-line treatment for Bordatella pertussis infection? _____

Answer: Macrolides

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 473: Antibiotic coverage for gallbladder disease = _____

Answer: Cipro or Amp-Gent and Metronidazole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 474: Fever, urticaria, and polyarthralgia 1-2 weeks after taking β-lactams or TMP-SMX is suggestive of _____

Answer: serum-sickness reaction

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 475: Which medications are commonly associated with drug-induced esophagitis? _____

Answer: Bisphosphonates Tetracycline NSAIDs Iron Potassium chloride

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagitis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 476: What is the recommended treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis? _____

Answer: Single dose of IM 3rd-gen cephalosporin (e.g. ceftriaxone)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 477: Treatment of a Neisseria gonorrhea negative, Chlamydia trachomatis positive patient is with _____

Answer: azithromycin only

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 478: What prophylactic abxs are given to persons in close contact with an individual with Neisseria meningitidis infection? (3) _____

Answer: Rifampin Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 479: What antibiotic regimen is used to treat fulminant C. difficile colitis? _____

Answer: IV metronidazole Oral vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/acute-diarrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 480: Vancomycin or linezolid/daptomycin are used in sepsis to cover for _____

Answer: MRSA

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 481: What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for tabes dorsalis? _____

Answer: IV penicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 482: First-line therapy for HACEK organisms is IV ampicillin _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 483: What is recommended treatment for pregnant women and children < 8 years old with early localized Lyme disease? _____

Answer: Oral amoxicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 484: Cystic fibrosis and young child = _ Cystic fibrosis and adult = _

Answer: Staph aureus

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/lower-airway/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 485: _____ = drug of choice for gonorrhea

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/peds-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 486: Amoxicillin and ampicillins are examples of aminopenicillins, which has improved activity against gram _____ bacteria

Answer: negative

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 487: Erythromycin drops can be used to treat neonatal conjunctivitis caused by _ and _

Answer: Neisseria gonorrhea

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/peds-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 488: _____ = endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures in those with high risk

Answer: Amoxicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/endocarditis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 489: Empiric antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial prostatitis consists of _ or a(n) _ for a duration of 6 weeks

Answer: TMP-SMX

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 490: Pip/tazo (zosyn) and cefepime are used in sepsis to cover for _____

Answer: pseudomonas

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 491: What is the second-line treatment for Actinomyces (in patients with penicillin allergy)? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 492: Osteomyelitis should be empirically treated with IV _ and IV _

Answer: vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 493: Tazobactam is an irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor that is combined with _____

Answer: piperacillin (antipseudomonal penicillin)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 494: In addition to methotrexate, what other chemotherapeutic agent can be used for trophoblastic neoplasms? _____

Answer: Actinomycin D

Extra:

Flashcard 495: Diphtheria is treated with _____ to neutralize exotoxin and antibiotics

Answer: antitoxin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 496: Scarlet fever is managed with _____

Answer: penicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 497: Sepsis in sickle cell patient = _____

Answer: ceftriaxone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 498: Staph septic joint = _ or _

Answer: nafcillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 499: Clindamycin for anaerobes _ diaphgram and metronidazole for anaerobes _ diaphgram

Answer: above

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 500: Burn victims get _____ antibiotics

Answer: topical

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 501: Triple therapy for H. pylori includes: _____

Answer: PPI Amoxicillin Clarithromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 502: What is the antibiotic treatment for epiglottitis? _____

Answer: Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/upper-airway/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 503: DRESS syndrome is most commonly precipitated by _____ and antiepileptics (e.g. phenytoin, carbamazepine)

Answer: allopurinol

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 504: What should a patient who is taking doxycycline and retinoids be counseled on regarding these medication side effects? _____

Answer: Can both cause photosensitivity - so patient should avoid the sun

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 505: What is the treatment/administration route of Chlamydial conjunctivitis? _____

Answer: Oral erythromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki - Topical macrolides have a high failure rate; systemic has advantage of treating for future Chlamydia pneumonia as well - Topical erythromycin is used for prevention of gonorrhea conjunctivitis

Flashcard 506: How do you treat rocky mountain spotted fever? _____

Answer: Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 507: Treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is _____

Answer: doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 508: _____ = risk of aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis

Answer: Carbamazepine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 509: What is the second-line treatment for Acute Rheumatic Fever (in patients with penicillin allergy)? _____

Answer: Clarithromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 510: _____ penetrates an eschar but hurts

Answer: Mafenide

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 511: What is first-line treatment for latent tuberculosis? _____

Answer: Isoniazid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 512: What is the recommended treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis? _____

Answer: Oral macrolide

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 513: _____ can cause lung injury, characterized by bilateral, basilar reticular opacities and eosinophilia on labs

Answer: Nitrofurantoin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 514: What is the treatment for Staph aureus bacterial conjunctivitis? _____

Answer: Topical erythromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 515: Adverse Effect: Ethambutol _____

Answer: Optic neuritis (Including red-green color blindness)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 516: Treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia is _ and _

Answer: ceftriaxone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 517: What is the treatment for Syphilis? _____

Answer: Penicillin G

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 518: What drug can turn bodily fluids orange? _____

Answer: Rifampin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 519: What is the recommended pharmacotherapy for otitis externa? _____

Answer: Topical antibiotics (e.g. fluoroquinolones)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 520: Triple therapy = _____

Answer: PPI and clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 521: What antibiotic should be added for treatment of septic arthritis if vancomycin is not working? _____

Answer: Third-gen cephalosporin (ceftriaxone)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 522: Epiglottitis is managed with _____

Answer: ceftriaxone and vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/upper-airway/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 523: All adolescents should get at least _ dose of Tdap; then Tdap or Td can be given as a booster q_ years (at least three total lifetime doses)

Answer: one

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 524: Aminopenicillins can cause a polymorphous, maculopapular rash if given in the setting of what viral illness? _____

Answer: EBV infectious mononucleosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Often mistaken for S. pharyngitis, so if you suspect Strep and give amoxicillin/ampicillin and rash develops → EBV

Flashcard 525: Severe purulent skin infections are managed with _____

Answer: vancomycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 526: Treatment of a Neisseria gonorrhea positive, Chlamydia trachomatis negative patient is with _____

Answer: ceftriaxone and azithromycin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 527: What are the treatments for meningitis? (3) _____

Answer: Vancomycin Ceftriaxone (<1mo → Cefotaxime) Ampicillin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 528: Human / dog bites are treated with _____

Answer: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 529: What are the extended-spectrum penicillins used to treat Pseudomonas infections? (2) _____

Answer: Piperacillin w/ β-lactamase inhibitor Ticarcillin w/ β-lactamase inhibitor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 530: Infectious mononucleosis patients develop a(n) _____ if exposed to ampicillin/amoxicillin (aminopencillins)

Answer: rash

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 531: Treatment of recurrent UTIs associated with sexual intercourse? _____

Answer: Postcoital prophylaxis (TMP-SMX or nitrofurantoin)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 532: _____ are the treatment of choice for acute otitis media (AOM) in a patient with a previous immediate allergic reaction to a penicillin antibiotic

Answer: Macrolides

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 533: Phase _____ of clinical trials uses a small number of healthy volunteers

Answer: I

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Flashcard 534: Triple therapy treatment, but allergy to amoxicillin is managed with _____

Answer: prescribe combo of metronidazole and clarithromycin

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Flashcard 535: What are the recommended empiric antibiotics for immunocompromised patients with suspected bacterial meningitis? _____

Answer: Vancomycin Ampicillin Cefepime

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 536: What do current guidelines recommend in the treatment against gonococcal infections? _____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6950a6.htm [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6950a6.htm] "This update provides the rationale for the change in gonorrhea treatment recommendations to a higher dose (500 mg) of ceftriaxone and removal of azithromycin from the recommended regimen."

Flashcard 537: Generally speaking, as we move from 1st generation to 5th generation cephalosporins there will be more gram _____ bacteria coverage

Answer: negative

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Flashcard 538: First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include _____, nitrofurantoin (5 days), and fosfomycin (single dose)

Answer: TMP-SMX (3 days)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 539: What is the best step in management if a patient taking isoniazid develops mild elevations in serum aminotransferases? _____

Answer: Continue taking isoniazid, with regularly monitored liver function tests

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 540: Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus: _: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin _: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

Answer: MSSA

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Flashcard 541: _ is managed with Ciprofloxacin _ is managed with Levofloxacin/Moxifloxacin

Answer: UTI

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Flashcard 542: What antibiotics can be used as postcoital prophylaxis against UTIs? _____

Answer: TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, or fluoroquinolones

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Flashcard 543: What bacteria is the most common cause of community-acquired bacterial meningitis? _____

Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Flashcard 544: Fluoroquinolones increase _____ and are associated with adverse effects, including Achilles tendon rupture, retinal detachment, and aortic aneurysm rupture

Answer: collagen degradation

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Flashcard 545: What neurological side effect is associated with isoniazid use? _____

Answer: Peripheral neuropathy

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Flashcard 546: Gonococcal urethritis in men is managed with _____

Answer: ceftriaxone and azithro/doxy

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Flashcard 547: What is empiric treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae? _____

Answer: Azithromycin

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Flashcard 548: In infants < 1 month old, only _____ is used

Answer: azithromycin

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Flashcard 549: Oral _ or _ are indicated for acute otitis media and refractory symptoms after 2-3 days despite amoxicillin therapy

Answer: amoxicillin-clavulanate

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Flashcard 550: If someone has neutropenic fever, immediately start giving _____ If the fever continues for 5-7 days, also add broad antifungal therapy (amphotericin B)

Answer: empiric broad spectrum antibiotics that cover pseudomonas (e.g. cefepime)

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Flashcard 551: What is first-line therapy for HACEK organisms? _____

Answer: 3rd or 4th generation IV cephalosporin

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Flashcard 552: If patient has burns surrounding the eyes, _____ are first-line treatment

Answer: ophthalmic antibiotics

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Flashcard 553: What is the initial treatment of choice for most patients with early localized Lyme disease? _____

Answer: Oral doxycycline

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Flashcard 554: What is the treatment for methicillin-susceptible staphylococci? _____

Answer: Nafcillin (or oxacillin, cefazolin) Rifampin Gentamicin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 555: What drug regimen is most commonly used to treat active tuberculosis? _____

Answer: (1) Rifampin (2) Isoniazid (3) Pyrazinamide (4) Ethambutol (And Vitamin B6)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 556: What is the recommended treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? _____

Answer: Broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. cefotaxime)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 557: Tazobactam, sulbactam, and clavulanic acid are _____ that can be added with amoxicillin, ampicillin, or piperacillin to extend their activity to cover gram (+) and (-)

Answer: β-lactamase inhibitors

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Flashcard 558: Meningitis is treated empirically with _ and _; add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected

Answer: ceftriaxone

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Flashcard 559: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Metronidazole impact?_____

Answer: [C]

Flashcard 560: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Nitrofurantoin impact?_____

Answer: [C]

Flashcard 561: Isoniazid is administered with _____ in patients at risk for peripheral neuropathy as well as those who are pregnant, breastfeeding or have epilepsy.

Answer: pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Flashcard 562: Clindamycin is bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 563: Chronic alcohol use leads to _____ of CYP-450

Answer: induction

Flashcard 564: All -lactam antibiotics are _____, as cell walls of bacteria are essential for growth and development.

Answer: bactericidal

Flashcard 565: Do 5th generation cephalosporins have Pseudomonas coverage?_____

Answer: No!

Flashcard 566: Resistance to macrolides (-thromycin) occurs via post-transcriptional methylation of the _____

Answer: 23S bacterial rRNA

Flashcard 567: Which enzyme is inhibited by trimethoprim (TMP)?_____

Answer: Dihydrofolate reductase (prokaryotic)

Flashcard 568: What type of bacteria do monobactams have activity towards?_____

Answer: Aerobic, gram (-) rods

Flashcard 569: Sulfonamides increase the risk of _____ when taken along with Warfarin

Answer: bleeding

Flashcard 570: _____ is a type of -lactamase that cleaves cephalosporins.

Answer: Cephalosporinase

Flashcard 571: Which etiology of meningitis is Pyrazinamide prescribed to treat?_____

Answer: M. tuberculosis

Flashcard 572: Aminoglycosides are bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 573: What type of bacteria do carbapenems have activity towards?_____

Answer: Broad spectrum

Flashcard 574: Tetracyclines bind _____ to the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria

Answer: reversibly (reversibly or irreversibly)

Flashcard 575: Anti-_____ drugs, such as dapsone, may induce oxidative stress and are thus contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency

Answer: tuberculosis

Flashcard 576: Reversible inhibition of growthBacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 577: What is the susceptibility of monobactams (aztreonam) to beta-lactamases?_____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 578: Vitamin K deficiency may occur due to long-term _____ therapy, which disrupts the gut flora

Answer: antibiotic

Flashcard 579: Mutations in which bacterial enzymecan result in resistance to Rifampin?_____

Answer: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Flashcard 580: Vitamin K deficiency can occur after prolonged use of broad-spectrum _____

Answer: antibiotics

Flashcard 581: Aminoglycosides are actively transported into the cell via an _____-dependent process

Answer: oxygen

Flashcard 582: Isoniazid use can result in metabolic _____ (acidosis or alkalosis)

Answer: acidosis

Flashcard 583: Which bacterial ribosomal subunit is targeted by Chloramphenicol?_____

Answer: 50S

Flashcard 584: What cephalosporin can bind the altered PBPs of MRSA? _____

Answer: Ceftaroline

Flashcard 585: Resistance to Tetracyclines includes bacterial production of _____ pumps

Answer: efflux

Flashcard 586: Which 3rd generation cephalosporin can treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection?_____

Answer: Ceftazidime

Flashcard 587: What drug is an inhibitor of both prokaryotic AND eukaryotic RNA polymerase? _____

Answer: Actinomycin D

Flashcard 588: Cephalosporin -lactamase susceptibilty _____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 589: Linezolid can result in _____-penia (hematologic complication)

Answer: thrombocyto

Flashcard 590: Linezolid is bacterio-_____

Answer: static**

Flashcard 591: DOC for gonorrhea_____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 592: _____ are bacterial enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis that are the target site for -lactam antibiotics.

Answer: Penicillin-binding proteins

Flashcard 593: _____ is an aminopenicillin that can be used to treat (non-vancomycin resistant) Enterococcus infection (E. faecalis, E. faecium).

Answer: Ampicillin

Flashcard 594: Vancomycin is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 595: Isoniazid therapy indirectly decreases vitamin _____ by decreasing levels of vitamin B6

Answer: B3

Flashcard 596: Which antibiotic blocks peptidyltransferase at the 50S subunit?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 597: What cephalosporins are first line for empiric treatment of meningitis?_____

Answer: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime (3rd gen. cephalosporins) (2)

Flashcard 598: Penicillin binds to PBP transpeptidases by mimicking the _____ sequence of peptidoglycan

Answer: D-ala-D-ala

Flashcard 599: Phase _____ of clinical trials detects rare or long-term adverse effects, and drug interactions

Answer: IV

Flashcard 600: Which antibiotics bind the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria?_____

Answer: Macrolides (-thromycin)

Flashcard 601: Trimethoprim can produce what teratogenic defects?_____

Answer: Neural tube defects

Flashcard 602: Tetracyclines are associated with _____ (cutaneous complication)

Answer: photosensitivity

Flashcard 603: What is the mechanism of Chloramphenicol resistance?_____

Answer: Plasmid-encoded acetyltransferases that inactivate the drug

Flashcard 604: Carbapenems work by by binding bacterial _____, inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Answer: transpeptidases

Flashcard 605: Bacterial transferase enzymes can inactivate aminoglycosides via _____

Answer: acetylation

Flashcard 606: Which antibiotic binds directly to the D-ala-D-ala sequence of bacterial cell walls?_____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 607: Which bacterial ribosomal subunit is targeted by Linezolid?_____

Answer: 50S

Flashcard 608: Which of the RIPE drugs is bacteriostatic?_____

Answer: Ethambutol

Flashcard 609: Monobactams bind to _____

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Flashcard 610: Sulfonamides are _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitors

Flashcard 611: What is the treatment for Clostridium perfringens (2)?_____

Answer: Penicillin, Clindamycin

Flashcard 612: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Tetracyclines inhibit?_____

Answer: [E]

Flashcard 613: What renal acid-base disturbance can be caused by TMP-SMX?_____

Answer: Type IV RTA (hyperkalemic)

Flashcard 614: Which aminoglycoside remains active in the GI tract?_____

Answer: Neomycin

Flashcard 615: Which aminopenicillin can be used in dental procedures toprophylactically treat endocarditis in high-risk patients?_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 616: Patients taking drugs that are excreted via the renal tubular basolateral OAT channels (ex Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Methotrexate) should be monitored carefully while taking _____

Answer: Probenecid

Flashcard 617: Tetracyclines are associated with _____ side effects

Answer: GI

Flashcard 618: Probenecid _____ the plasma concentration of drugs (penicillin, methotrexate, NSAIDs, etc.)

Answer: increases

Flashcard 619: Which tetracycline may be used as a second line treatment in the treatment of SIADH? _____

Answer: Demeclocycline

Flashcard 620: _____ is the drug of choice to treat aspiration pneumonia

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 621: Slow-_____ have an increased risk of side effects from Isoniazid (INH)

Answer: acetylators

Flashcard 622: What is used for prophylaxis of Haemophilus influenzae?_____

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 623: Fluoroquinolones are indicated mostly for gram _____ infections

Answer: negative

Flashcard 624: The metabolic acidosis associated with Isoniazid use has a(n) _____ anion gap (normal or elevated)

Answer: elevated

Flashcard 625: Isoniazid is an _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitor

Flashcard 626: Carbapenems are what class of antibiotics?_____

Answer: -lactams

Flashcard 627: Can Vancomycin be used to treat gram negatives?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 628: What non-3rd generation group of cephalosporins can be used to treat bacterial meningitis?_____

Answer: 4th gen. Cefepime

Flashcard 629: Ceftriaxone is the DOC for what STD?_____

Answer: Gonorrhea

Flashcard 630: What is the first line treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 631: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Rifamycins impact?_____

Answer: [D]

Flashcard 632: Treatment for Legionella pneumophila infection includes azithromycin (macrolides) or _____

Answer: levofloxacin, moxifloxicin (fluoroquinolones)

Flashcard 633: Lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents visible growth of bacteria_____

Answer: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Flashcard 634: What is the treatment for uncomplicated Proteus mirabilis infection?_____

Answer: TMP-SMX

Flashcard 635: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does the Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Streptogramins) combination inhibit?_____

Answer: [C]

Flashcard 636: Disulfiram-like reaction is an adverse effect of what -lactam antibiotics? _____

Answer: Cephalosporins

Flashcard 637: Cephalosporins are what class of antibiotic?_____

Answer: -lactam

Flashcard 638: Which antibiotic can present with myopathy and rhabdomyolysis?_____

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 639: Which beta-lactam antibiotics can cause GI side effects?_____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 640: Which drug used for chronic gout is a sulfa drug?_____

Answer: Probenecid

Flashcard 641: Isoniazid is metabolized by the hepatic enzyme _____

Answer: N-acetyltransferase

Flashcard 642: Isoniazid may also cause altered mental status and _____ (CNS toxicity)

Answer: seizures

Flashcard 643: Which one of the following drugs is a cytochrome p450 inducer?_____

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 644: Rifampin use is associated with _____-toxicity

Answer: hepato

Flashcard 645: What effect does probenecid have on serum levels of penicillin?_____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 646: Which carbapenem is stable to dehydropeptidase I?_____

Answer: Meropenem

Flashcard 647: Which enzyme is inhibited by sulfamethoxazole (SMX)?_____

Answer: Dihydropteroate synthase (prokaryotic)

Flashcard 648: What class of beta-lactam antibiotics are indicated in drug-resistant infections?_____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 649: Which aminoglycoside is used in bowel prep before colorectal surgery?_____

Answer: Neomycin

Flashcard 650: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Macrolides inhibit?_____

Answer: [D]

Flashcard 651: What gram negative species are covered by 2nd generation cephalosporins?_____

Answer: H. influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Serratia marcescens (HENS) + PEcK

Flashcard 652: Pyrazinamide is associated with hyper-_____

Answer: uricemia

Flashcard 653: Rifampin is given with Dapsone because it _____ to Dapsone

Answer: delays resistance

Flashcard 654: What is the treatment for Actinomyces infection?_____

Answer: Penicillin G

Flashcard 655: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-independent aplastic anemia?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 656: What is the treatment of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?_____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 657: _____ macrolides must be given to treat trachoma (Chlamydia trachomatis serotype A, B, C)

Answer: Oral

Flashcard 658: What is the susceptibility of Carbapenems to beta-lactamases?_____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 659: What treatment for hyperammonemia acts by decreasing colonic ammoniagenic bacteria? _____

Answer: Rifaximin

Flashcard 660: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic that can cause drug-induced lupus.

Answer: Minocycline

Flashcard 661: Which Topoisomerases do Fluoroquinolones inhibit?_____

Answer: II and IV

Flashcard 662: What is the treatment of Leptospirosis?_____

Answer: Penicillin G

Flashcard 663: Quinupristin-dalfopristin bind to the _____ ribosomal subunit

Answer: 50S

Flashcard 664: Which antibiotic is used as treatment for Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch)?_____

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 665: Linezolid can be used to treat _____-resistant bacteria (ie: Enterococcus)

Answer: vancomycin

Flashcard 666: Treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis includes _____ and clindamycin

Answer: metronidazole

Flashcard 667: _____ are dose-dependent/independent hematological complications (2) of Chloramphenicol use.

Answer: Anemia and Aplastic Anemia

Flashcard 668: Which antibiotic causes red man syndrome?_____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 669: Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children _____ old due to damage to growing cartilage

Answer: < 18* years

Flashcard 670: What two pathologies is Chloramphenicol used to treat?_____

Answer: Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia) and Meningitis

Flashcard 671: Antacids can affect _____ of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH

Answer: bioavailability

Flashcard 672: TMP-SMX have activity against gram _____ GI and urinary tract bacteria

Answer: negative

Flashcard 673: What drugs are used to treat Salmonella gastroenteritis?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 674: What are the most common adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?_____

Answer: GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)

Flashcard 675: Beta-lactam antibiotics are bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 676: What drug is an inhibitor of prokaryotic RNA polymerase? _____

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 677: What generation of cephalosporins has Pseudomonas coverage (besides 3rd gen. ceftazidime)?_____

Answer: 4th gen. (cefepime)

Flashcard 678: _____ are a class of antibiotics that can possibly cause leg cramps and myalgias along with cartilage damage.

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 679: Macrolides (-thromycin) can cause _____, resulting in jaundice

Answer: acute cholestatic hepatitis

Flashcard 680: Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapy is used when the bacteria is resistant to _____

Answer: clarithromycin

Flashcard 681: Vancomycin is a known cause of _____ syndrome, with eosinophilia and skin rash

Answer: DRESS

Flashcard 682: Most Carbapenems are very useful against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except _____ which has limited coverage

Answer: Ertapenem

Flashcard 683: In patients with streptococcal infections who are allergic to penicillin, they should be given what class of antibiotics instead?_____

Answer: Macrolides

Flashcard 684: Which carbapenem has a decreased risk of seizure?_____

Answer: Meropenem

Flashcard 685: Drug-induced _____ is an immunologic toxicity of Isoniazid use

Answer: lupus

Flashcard 686: What is the treatment for E. coli UTI?_____

Answer: TMP-SMX

Flashcard 687: What nephrotoxicity is caused by Sulfonamides?_____

Answer: Acute interstitial nephritis

Flashcard 688: Treatment for Staph aureus infections (not MRSA): _____

Answer: Nafcillin

Flashcard 689: Pyrazinamide is a pro-drug that is converted into the active form, _____, by the enzyme pyrazinamidase

Answer: pyrazinoic acid

Flashcard 690: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics does Trimethoprim impact?_____

Answer: [B]

Flashcard 691: Carbapenems can treat aspiration and _____ pneumonia

Answer: hospital-acquired

Flashcard 692: Isoniazid _____ cytochrome p450 (induces or inhibits)

Answer: inhibits

Flashcard 693: What cutaneous pathology can be treated with tetracyclines?_____

Answer: Acne

Flashcard 694: Isoniazid promotes the excretion of _____, therefore resulting in deficiency and peripheral neuropathy

Answer: pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Flashcard 695: Treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is _____

Answer: penicillin G (specific)

Flashcard 696: Polymixin B, Bacitracin, and Neomycin are used as a triple antibiotic combination used to treat _____ infections

Answer: superficial skin

Flashcard 697: What cephalosporin has a long half-life, making it useful for surgical prophylaxis?_____

Answer: Cefazolin

Flashcard 698: Cefepime is indicated as empiric therapy in _____

Answer: febrile neutropenia (quite specific)

Flashcard 699: Which carbapenem antibiotic is inhibited by the kidney?_____

Answer: Imipenem

Flashcard 700: Which 3rd generation Cephalosporin is used to treat meningitis and gonorrhea?_____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 701: Treatment of Brucellosis includes _____ and streptomycin

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 702: Treatment of MSSA S. aureus osteomyelitis _____

Answer: Anti-staph penicillins (nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)

Flashcard 703: Antibiotics are associated with vitamin _____ deficiency due to activity against colonic bacteria

Answer: K

Flashcard 704: _____ is a GI complication of ampicillin usethat results from overgrowth of Clostridium difficile in the GI tract.

Answer: Pseudomembranous colitis

Flashcard 705: The mnemonic CAMPFIRE can be used to remember the drugs effective against _____

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flashcard 706: Helicobacter pylori triple therapy includes a PPI, _____, and clarithromycin

Answer: amoxicillin/metronidazole

Flashcard 707: Which RIPE drug can cause uric acid crystal formation and ultimately gout?_____

Answer: Pyrazinamide

Flashcard 708: Fluoroquinolones are indicated for treatment of Otitis _____

Answer: Externa

Flashcard 709: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50s subunit and can be used in the treatment of acne.

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 710: Which beta-lactam antibiotic lowers the seizure threshold?_____

Answer: Imipenem

Flashcard 711: Cephalosporins rarely can cause anemia by inducing _____Bonus question: which cephalosporins?

Answer: anti-RBC autoantibodies

Flashcard 712: Fanconi syndrome (type 2 RTA) is associated with the use of expired _____

Answer: tetracyclines

Flashcard 713: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Linezolid inhibit?_____

Answer: [A]

Flashcard 714: Which antibiotic is used against extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacteria?_____

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 715: The treatment for rickettsia species is _____

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 716: What is the penicillinase susceptibility Anti-staph penicillins ?_____

Answer: Resistant (bulky R-groups block access)

Flashcard 717: Daptomycin can treat endocarditis caused by _____

Answer: Staph aureus

Flashcard 718: Benzathine salts of penicillin G can be given via _____

Answer: intramuscular injection

Flashcard 719: Which drug elimination is characterized by a constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time?_____

Answer: First-order elimination

Flashcard 720: Which of the antitumor antibiotics is associated with minimal myelosuppression?_____

Answer: Bleomycin

Flashcard 721: What is the treatment for assumed-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis?_____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 722: Vancomycin-resistant Staph aureus can be treated by _____

Answer: daptomycin

Flashcard 723: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause Gray baby syndrome in infants?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 724: What drug is always administered with Imipenem?_____

Answer: Cilastatin

Flashcard 725: Treatment for abdominal abscesses include _____ (B. fragilis is responsive) and a gram (-) antibiotic

Answer: Metronidazole

Flashcard 726: Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic that works by inhibiting _____

Answer: isoleucine t-RNA synthetase

Flashcard 727: Which anti-microbial class is Aztreonam particularly synergistic with?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 728: Which antibiotic depolarizes bacterial cell membranes via creation of transmembrane channels?_____

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 729: Clindamycin has activity against methicillin-resistant _____

Answer: Staph aureus

Flashcard 730: How does MRSA obtain methicillin resistance? Alters _____

Answer: PBP (penicillin-binding proteins)

Flashcard 731: Which aminoglycosides (3) are used to treat septicemia, respiratory tract infections and UTIs caused by gram negatives?_____

Answer: Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin

Flashcard 732: Which antibiotic causes the misreading of mRNA and inhibition of translation?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 733: What cephalosporin is used as prophylaxis before abdominal surgery?_____

Answer: Cefoxitin (cephamycin group)

Flashcard 734: Empiric treatment of Pasteurella multocida is with _____

Answer: penicillin

Flashcard 735: What is the treatment for Pasteurella multocida?_____

Answer: Penicillin

Flashcard 736: TMP-SMX are _____ and should be avoided due to inhibition of folate metabolism

Answer: teratogenic

Flashcard 737: Carbapenems treat meningitis and pneumonia caused by _____ pathogens

Answer: gram negative

Flashcard 738: Because Trimethoprim blocks the reduction of DHF Reductase, it is associated with a _____ anemia and well as increased susceptibility to infections

Answer: Megaloblastic

Flashcard 739: What gout drug can precipitate the side effects of penicillins?_____

Answer: Probenecid

Flashcard 740: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Clindamycin inhibit?_____

Answer: [D]

Flashcard 741: What drug can be used instead of Ethambutolto treat Mycobacteria tuberculosis infection?_____

Answer: Streptomycin

Flashcard 742: Clarithromycin and erythromycin _____ cytochrome p-450

Answer: inhibit

Flashcard 743: What is the activity of Aminoglycosides?_____

Answer: Gram negatives (aerobic)

Flashcard 744: Anti-staph penicillins have activity against what organism?_____

Answer: Staph aureus (except MRSA)

Flashcard 745: Ampicillin treats meningitis produced by _____.

Answer: Listeria monocytogenes

Flashcard 746: Which antitumor antibiotic drug soley intercalates into DNA?_____

Answer: Actinomycin D

Flashcard 747: Monobactams can penetrate the _____

Answer: CNS

Flashcard 748: Isoniazid (INH) is a prodrug that is activated by _____, which is produced by Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Answer: KatG (a catalase-peroxidase)

Flashcard 749: _____ is an aminopenicillin that can produce pseudomembranous colitis.

Answer: Ampicillin

Flashcard 750: Are aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin) sensitive to beta-lactamases?_____

Answer: Yes!

Flashcard 751: Rifampin is an _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inducer

Flashcard 752: _____ can be used in prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without sulfa drug allergies

Answer: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Flashcard 753: Sulfonamides _____ cytochrome P450

Answer: inhibit

Flashcard 754: Imipenem is rapidly degraded by renal _____

Answer: dehydropeptidase I

Flashcard 755: _____ is a possible complication of Clindamycin use due to resultant Clostridium difficile overgrowth.

Answer: Pseudomembranous colitis

Flashcard 756: 1st generation cephalosporins can be used to treat GAS _____ and cellulitis

Answer: pharyngitis

Flashcard 757: _____ readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is used to treat tuberculous meningitis

Answer: Pyrazinamide

Flashcard 758: Rifampin is used as prophylactic mono-therapy in those exposed to _____

Answer: H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis (what two bugs?)

Flashcard 759: Treatment for MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)? _____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 760: Bordetella pertussis should be treated early with _____

Answer: macrolides (erythromycin)

Flashcard 761: What class of drugs does daunorubicin belong to?_____

Answer: Anthracyclines (antitumor antibiotics)

Flashcard 762: In the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, Azithromycin is used as an _____ agent

Answer: anti-inflammatory

Flashcard 763: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a small hydrophilic molecule? _____

Answer: Medium

Flashcard 764: Ciprofloxacin is an _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitor

Flashcard 765: What generation of cephalosporins have coverage against vancomycin-intermediate staph aureus (VISA)?_____

Answer: 5th gen. (ceftaroline)

Flashcard 766: What adverse effects are associated with demeclocycline (2)? _____

Answer: photosensitivity and abnormalities of bone/teeth (e.g. discolored teeth)

Flashcard 767: Aztreonam can be used in patients with _____ allergies

Answer: penicillin

Flashcard 768: Which class of antibiotics can cause teeth discoloration in children?_____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 769: Since Aminoglycosides have an oxygen-dependent uptake into cells, they are ineffective against _____

Answer: anaerobes

Flashcard 770: Bacitracin works by inhibiting Bactoprenol, a peptidoglycan "building block" _____ molecule

Answer: carrier

Flashcard 771: Daptomycin inserts its lipid tail into the cell wall, causing membrane _____

Answer: depolarization

Flashcard 772: The MoA of Carbapenems and Monobactams is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 773: _____ has an altered PBP target site and is thus resistant to anti-staph penicillins.

Answer: MRSA

Flashcard 774: Which macrolide antibiotic(s) does not inhibit CYP450?_____

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 775: _____ toxicity is associated with Isoniazid use

Answer: Hepato

Flashcard 776: Is there immunologic cross-reactivity between penicillin and monobactams?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 777: Sensitive Enterococcus spp. are treated with _____ or IV ampicillin

Answer: vancomycin

Flashcard 778: Amoxicillin, ampicillin (aminopenicillins) -lactamase susceptibility? _____

Answer: Sensitive

Flashcard 779: Which class of antibiotics are teratogens, depositing in fetal teeth and bone?_____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 780: Macrolide (-thromycin) antibiotics are bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 781: Fluoroquinolones can be used to treat acute _____ in men

Answer: prostatitis

Flashcard 782: Which antibiotic is first-line in the treatment of intra-abdominal anaerobic infections?_____

Answer: Metronidazole

Flashcard 783: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-dependent anemia?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 784: Which drug used to treat Mycobacteria lepraemay present with Heinz bodies and bite cells (degmacytes)?_____

Answer: Dapsone

Flashcard 785: Trimethoprim inhibits the enzyme _____

Answer: Dihydrofolate Reductase

Flashcard 786: Glucocorticoids may cause _____ due to inhibition of osteoblast activity*bonus: what supplements should be taken to prevent this?

Answer: osteoporosis

Flashcard 787: First line treatment for Ureaplasma urealyticum is _____

Answer: tetracyclines

Flashcard 788: Which group of modified penicillins is associated with the following rash? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Aminopenicillins

Flashcard 789: What is the treatment (2) for Yersinia pestis?_____

Answer: Doxycycline + Streptomycin

Flashcard 790: Rifampin _____ cytochrome p450 (induces or inhibits)

Answer: induces

Flashcard 791: Sulfa drugs can cause a drug-induced _____

Answer: lupus

Flashcard 792: Monobactams treat meningitis and pneumonia caused by _____ only

Answer: aerobic gram negative rods

Flashcard 793: Aminoglycosides, their toxicities, and their coverage can be remembered by the mnemonic _____

Answer: Mean GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes

Flashcard 794: What is the MOA of Chloramphenicol?_____

Answer: Blocks peptidyltransferase at the 50S ribosomal subunit

Flashcard 795: Anaerobic infections above the diaphragm are treated with _____

Answer: clindamycin

Flashcard 796: Treatment for Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis otitis media and sinusitis_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 797: Cephalosporins inhibit bacterial _____ (enzyme)

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases (PBPs).

Flashcard 798: Which type of antibiotics interfere with synthesis of the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 799: Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in the following groups due to damage to _____- pregnant women- nursing mothers- children < 18 years old

Answer: cartilage

Flashcard 800: Which aminoglycoside is a GI intraluminal agent active against parasites?_____

Answer: Paromomycin

Flashcard 801: If a patient taking penicillin manifests with mild fever, myalgia or arthralagias, and the following rash, they are demonstrating what side effect?_____

Answer: Hypersensitivity Vasculitis (Cutaneous Small Vessel Vasculitis)

Flashcard 802: -lactam antibiotics inhibit what family of enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis? _____

Answer: Penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Flashcard 803: Bacitracin is used as a topical treatment for highly resistant Gram _____ infections

Answer: positive

Flashcard 804: What is the treatment of primary, secondary and latent syphilis (Treponema pallidum)?_____

Answer: Benzathine penicillin G (intramuscular) (very specific)

Flashcard 805: Which antibiotic can bind GI motilin receptors, resulting in diarrhea?_____

Answer: Erythromycin

Flashcard 806: What is the treatment (2) of the plague caused by Yersinia pestis?_____

Answer: Doxycycline with streptomycin

Flashcard 807: Tetracyclines are generally contraindicated in patients with _____ failure

Answer: renal

Flashcard 808: Which step ([A] - [F]) of Bacterial Genetics do Fluoroquinolones impact?_____

Answer: [E]

Flashcard 809: _____, amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor are used in Helicobacter pylori infection (triple therapy)

Answer: Clarithromycin

Flashcard 810: Polymixins work by binding to _____ on bacterial cell membranes

Answer: LPS

Flashcard 811: Is the recurrence rate of C. difficile colitis lower or higher when taking Fidaxomicin than with vancomycin?_____

Answer: Significantly lower

Flashcard 812: Aztreonam works by binding to penicillin binding protein _____

Answer: 3 (#)

Flashcard 813: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can result in optic and peripheral neuropathy?_____

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 814: 1st generation cephalosporins can treat UTIs caused by what bacteria?_____

Answer: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella - PEcK

Flashcard 815: Treatment for Campylobacter jejuni infection includes erythromycin or _____

Answer: ciprofloxacin

Flashcard 816: Polymixin B and E (Colistin) are used as salvage therapy for Multi Drug Resistant Gram _____ infections

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 817: The benzathine forms of Pencillin V/G make them _____-acting

Answer: long

Flashcard 818: What aminopenicillin has a long oral bioavailability?_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 819: Which bacteria are susceptible to tetracyclines?_____

Answer: broad spectrum

Flashcard 820: What class of drugs does bleomycin belong to?_____

Answer: antitumor antibiotics

Flashcard 821: Allopurinol hypersensitivity can result in _____ syndrome, which is characterized by sloughing of the skin

Answer: Stevens-Johnson

Flashcard 822: What drugs have the suffix -oxacin?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 823: Treatment for Legionella pneumophila infection includes _____ or levofloxacin/moxifloxacin (fluoroquinolones)

Answer: azithromycin (macrolides)

Flashcard 824: Prophylaxis before dental procedures in patients at high risk for endocarditis_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 825: How is Vancomycin typically administered?_____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 826: The antibiotics fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines should not be consumed with _____

Answer: cations (Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+)

Flashcard 827: Those in close contact with individuals infected with Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) should receive prophylactic _____

Answer: macrolides (erythromycin)

Flashcard 828: Which antibiotics are used for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?_____

Answer: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Flashcard 829: Aminoglycosides are teratogenic, causing _____ in newborns

Answer: deafness

Flashcard 830: Metronidazole is an _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitor

Flashcard 831: What drug class is associated with pyloric stenosis? _____

Answer: Macrolides (antibiotics)

Flashcard 832: Clindamycin can be used to treat cellulitis caused by _____

Answer: Strep pyogenes (GAS)

Flashcard 833: Damage to which organ can result in problems with Vancomycin clearance?_____

Answer: Kidneys

Flashcard 834: Which antibiotics can result in neuromuscular blockade?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 835: What is the first-line treatment of uncomplicated UTIs?_____

Answer: TMP-SMX

Flashcard 836: What class of drugs inhibits prokaryotic topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV? _____

Answer: fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 837: Which group of modified penicillins is especially associated with Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)?_____

Answer: Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

Flashcard 838: Sulfonamides displace unconjugated bilirubin from albumin; can precipitate _____ in neonates

Answer: kernicterus

Flashcard 839: What type of penicillins have a positively charged R-group?_____

Answer: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin)

Flashcard 840: Aminoglycosides result in nephrotoxicity, specifically _____

Answer: acute tubular necrosis

Flashcard 841: Piperacillin and ticarcillin are antipseudomonal penicillins that are used with _____ to extend their activity.

Answer: -lactamase inhibitors

Flashcard 842: Patients who use probenecid need to drink _____L of fluid daily

Answer: 2

Flashcard 843: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for depression? _____

Answer: SSRIs

Flashcard 844: Can daptomycin be used to treat pneumonia?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 845: What is the spectrum of activity for Daptomycin?_____

Answer: Gram positives

Flashcard 846: Which RIPE therapy drug can cause drug-induced lupus?_____

Answer: Isoniazid

Flashcard 847: Which penicillin toxicity involves the kidney?_____

Answer: Interstitial nephritis

Flashcard 848: _____ is an aminopenicillin that should be used to treat Lyme disease in pregnant women and children.

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 849: Vancomycin _____ penetrate the CNS

Answer: can (can/can't)

Flashcard 850: Carbapenems can penetrate the _____

Answer: CNS

Flashcard 851: _____ is a type of -lactamase that cleaves penicillins.

Answer: Penicillinase

Flashcard 852: Helicobacter pylori triple therapy includes a _____, amoxicillin/metronidazole, and clarithromycin

Answer: PPI

Flashcard 853: Carbapenems bind to _____

Answer: penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Flashcard 854: Which antibiotic binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the initiation complex?_____

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 855: What class of drugs does actinomycin D belong to?_____

Answer: antitumor antibiotics

Flashcard 856: Which antibiotic inserts itself into the cell wall,causing depolarization of the cell membrane?_____

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 857: Daptomycin is bacterio-_____

Answer: cidal

Flashcard 858: What is the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae mucosal infections (ie: epiglottitis, otitis media, etc)?_____

Answer: Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate

Flashcard 859: Which antibiotics are associated with photosensitivity, teeth discoloration and GI side effects?_____

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 860: Which antibiotic is used as treatment of oral infections and aspiration pneumonia caused by Bacteroides fragilis?_____

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 861: Which strain of Salmonella is treated with fluoroquinolones?_____

Answer: Salmonella typhi

Flashcard 862: What renal adverse effect is precipitated by use of expired tetracyclines?_____

Answer: Fanconi syndrome (Type 2 Renal tubular acidosis)

Flashcard 863: What enzyme levels should be monitored in a patient on daptomycin?_____

Answer: Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

Flashcard 864: Which treatment for SIADH may end up causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? _____

Answer: Demeclocycline

Flashcard 865: Tetracyclines have activity against methicillin-resistant _____

Answer: Staph aureus (MRSA)

Flashcard 866: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can be used to treat GAS cellulitis?_____

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 867: Red man syndrome is characterized by erythema, pruritus, and widespread _____

Answer: flushing

Flashcard 868: Red man syndrome can be avoided by pre-treating with _____

Answer: anti-histimines

Flashcard 869: What is the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes?_____

Answer: Ampicillin

Flashcard 870: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic that is known to treat anaerobic infections above the diaphragm (e.g. aspiration pneumonia, lung abscesses, oral infections).

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 871: Daptomycin is associated with myopathy and _____

Answer: rhabdomyolysis

Flashcard 872: What is the spectrum of coverage for Linezolid?_____

Answer: Gram positives

Flashcard 873: Which antibiotic is used to treat C. difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) that is unresponsive to Metronidazole?_____

Answer: Oral Vancomycin

Flashcard 874: What is the treatment for all stages of Syphilis?_____

Answer: Benzathine Penicillin G (intramuscular)

Flashcard 875: _____ are protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 30s subunit and can be used in the treatment of acne.

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 876: Which of the antitumor antibiotics (3) can cause mucositis and stomatitis?_____

Answer: Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin

Flashcard 877: Which aminopenicillin can be used in asplenic or sickle cell patients to prophylactically treat encapsulated (ie: Strep pneumoniae or H. influenzae) infection?_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 878: _____ is a macrolide that can be given with atovaquone to treat Babesia.

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 879: Treatment of MSSA Staph aureus right-sided endocarditis_____

Answer: Anti-staph penicillins (nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin)

Flashcard 880: When should Chloramphenicol be used for the treatment of Rickettsial infections?_____

Answer: Pregnancy

Flashcard 881: TMP-SMX (sulfonamides) can result in _____, a common cutaneous skin complication

Answer: photosensitivity

Flashcard 882: Chloramphenicol is bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 883: Which antibiotic can cause thrombophlebitis at the injection site?_____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 884: Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole, vancomycin, or _____

Answer: fidaxomicin

Flashcard 885: What drug is commonly used to treat lung abscesses? _____

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 886: Which antibacterial drug may produce a red-orange discoloration of body fluids?_____

Answer: Rifampin

Flashcard 887: Which macrolide antibiotic is embryotoxic?_____

Answer: Clarithromycin

Flashcard 888: Which of the antitumor antibiotics can cause hyperpigmentation of skin?_____

Answer: Bleomycin

Flashcard 889: What is the treatment of MRSA osteomyelitis?_____

Answer: Vancomycin

Flashcard 890: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is treated with _____

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 891: Which antibiotic binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the initiation complex?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 892: What is the first-line treatment of gram-positive Bacillus anthracis?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 893: What is the brand-name for TMP-SMX (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)?_____

Answer: Bactrim

Flashcard 894: Pyrazinamide is an antibiotic only used to treat _____

Answer: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Flashcard 895: Macrolides can be used to treat Pertussis as long as it is still in the _____ phase

Answer: catarrhal

Flashcard 896: What is one specific gram negative rod monobactams treat?_____

Answer: Pseudomonas

Flashcard 897: Tetracyclines are bacterio-_____

Answer: static

Flashcard 898: 90% of Vancomycin is excreted by _____ filtration

Answer: glomerular

Flashcard 899: Anti-staph penicillins are ineffective against what bug and why?_____

Answer: MRSA due to altered PBP target site

Flashcard 900: What -lactam antibiotics result in increased nephrotoxicity when combined with aminoglycosides?_____

Answer: Cephalosporins

Flashcard 901: What class of drugs does doxorubicin belong to?_____

Answer: Anthracyclines (antitumor antibiotics)

Flashcard 902: Which antibiotics can result in acute cholestatic hepatitis?_____

Answer: Macrolides (-thromycin)

Flashcard 903: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50s subunit and can be used in the treatment of chlamydia.

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 904: Which class of antibiotics are teratogenic, causing deafness in newborns?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 905: Aztreonam is especially useful for patients with _____-insufficiency (and therefore can't tolerate aminoglycosides)

Answer: renal

Flashcard 906: What antibiotic can increase risk for serotonin syndrome? _____

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 907: Macrolides are _____ of CYP-450

Answer: inhibitors

Flashcard 908: _____ are a class of protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics that are effective against intracellular organisms by virtue of their ability to accumulate intracellularly.

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 909: What is the treatment for Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 910: When taken during early pregnancy, Trimethoprim can cause the baby to develop _____

Answer: neural tube defects

Flashcard 911: What is the susceptibility of Vancomycin to beta-lactamases?_____

Answer: Resistant (ineffective)

Flashcard 912: What lipopeptide can be used to treat VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)?_____

Answer: Daptomycin

Flashcard 913: Which generations of cephalosporins have the largest spectrum of activity?_____

Answer: 4th (cefepime) and 5th (ceftaroline)

Flashcard 914: Rifabutin _____ cytochrome p450 (induces or inhibits)

Answer: induces

Flashcard 915: What antibiotics (2) are used to treat hepatic encephalopathy? _____

Answer: rifaximin and neomycin

Flashcard 916: _____ is a macrolide antibiotic that can be used to treat diptheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Answer: Erythromycin

Flashcard 917: Penicillins are what class of antibiotics?_____

Answer: -lactams

Flashcard 918: Proteasomal inhibitors work best in cancers that mark _____ proteins to be targeted for degradation too quickly

Answer: pro-apoptotic

Flashcard 919: _____ may increase the serum concentration of theophylline or oral anticoagulants

Answer: Macrolides

Flashcard 920: Red man syndrome can be avoided by _____ the infusion of vancomycin

Answer: slowing

Flashcard 921: Aminopenicillin used as part of Helicobacter pylori triple therapy_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 922: What is the most common adverse effect of Clindamycin?_____

Answer: Diarrhea

Flashcard 923: Which bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor can cause thrombocytopenia (beside chloramphenicol)?_____

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 924: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Aminoglycosides inhibit?_____

Answer: [B]

Flashcard 925: Which antibiotics can result in tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 926: Fluoroquinolones are _____ synthesis inhibitors

Answer: nucleic acid

Flashcard 927: _____ is an antibiotic that is avoided in pregnancy as it causes "Gray Baby" Syndrome.

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 928: Sulfonylureas are _____ drugs and thus may cause adverse reactions in allergic patients

Answer: sulfa

Flashcard 929: Treatment of SIADH includes water restriction and _____, which is a tetracycline

Answer: demeclocycline

Flashcard 930: GISulfasalazine is activated by _____

Answer: colonic bacteria

Flashcard 931: What is first-line in the treatment of Clostridium difficile?_____

Answer: Oral Vancomycin

Flashcard 932: Less commonly, Fluoroquinolones cause _____pathy

Answer: myo

Flashcard 933: Which Tetracycline can be used in patients with renal failure?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 934: _____ can predispose individuals to vaginal yeast infections

Answer: Antibiotics and OCPs (oral contraceptives) (which 2 classes of medications)

Flashcard 935: Which aminoglycoside treats tulermia caused by Francisella tularensis?_____

Answer: Streptomycin

Flashcard 936: First Aid Pharmacology: GI_____ is a combination of sulfapyridine (anti-bacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Answer: Sulfasalazine

Flashcard 937: Erythromycin is used off-label for the treatment of gastro-_____

Answer: paresis

Flashcard 938: What is one specific gram negative rod carbapenems treat?_____

Answer: Pseudomonas

Flashcard 939: 1st generation cephalosporins have activity mostly against gram-_____ organisms

Answer: positive

Flashcard 940: What is the first-line treatment of complicated UTIs?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 941: 1st generation cephalosporins that can be used to treat skin and soft tissue infections by Staph and Strep_____

Answer: Cephalexin, Cefazolin

Flashcard 942: Are Tetracyclines indicated for patients who are experiencing symptoms of Meningitis?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 943: Red man syndrome is characterized by histamine release with possible _____-tension

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 944: What is the treatment for Nocardia spp. infection?_____

Answer: Sulfonamides

Flashcard 945: Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Chloramphenicol inhibit?_____

Answer: [C]

Flashcard 946: Which class of drugs can displace warfarin (and other drugs) from serum albumin?_____

Answer: Sulfonamides

Flashcard 947: Carbapenems may cause skin _____

Answer: rash

Flashcard 948: What class of anti-microbials is a common cause of acute tubular necrosis? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 949: What is first-line in the treatment of Clostridium difficile?_____

Answer: Oral Vancomycin (also ROA)

Flashcard 950: Why should tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones be avoided with milk?_____

Answer: Divalent cations will chelate the drug, decreasing absorption

Flashcard 951: Fluoroquinolone side effects (ex. GI upset) are most likely mediated by _____ toxicity

Answer: mitochondrial

Flashcard 952: Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in the following groups due to damage to _____- people > 60 years old- patients taking prednisone

Answer: tendons

Flashcard 953: Which antibiotics can result in acute tubular necrosis?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 954: What is the most common route of administration of Aminoglycosides?_____

Answer: IV

Flashcard 955: Which antibiotics are commonly paired with -lactams or vancomycin to enhance their penetration of cells?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 956: Extended-spectrum penicillins used to treat Pseudomonas aeurginosa infections_____

Answer: Piperacillin, ticarcillin, carbenicllin

Flashcard 957: Which antibiotic can precipitate serotonin toxicity whencoadministered with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, and buproprion?_____

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 958: _____ is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 30s subunit and can be used in the treatment of chlamydia.

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 959: Does fidaxomicin have a weaker or stronger effect on normal colonic flora than metronidazole or vancomycin? _____

Answer: weaker

Flashcard 960: Which macrolide antibiotic(s) inhibit CYP450?_____

Answer: clarithromycin, erythromycin

Flashcard 961: What Cephalosporin can be used to treat disseminated Lyme disease?_____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 962: What class of drugs is aztreonam?_____

Answer: monobactam

Flashcard 963: Toxicities of aminoglycosides are worsened when administered with _____ diuretics or vancomycin

Answer: loop

Flashcard 964: Amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy isone of the most common causesof drug-induced _____ injury

Answer: liver

Flashcard 965: What drugs are used to treat Salmonella osteomyelitis?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 966: _____ may be added as a third agent in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex

Answer: Rifabutin

Flashcard 967: Which bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-independent bone marrow suppression?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 968: Treatment of cystic fibrosis includes _____, which is used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Answer: azithromycin

Flashcard 969: Which antibiotic use in infants is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?_____

Answer: Erythromycin (specific)

Flashcard 970: What phase of drug metabolism includes reduction, oxidation, and hydrolysis? _____

Answer: Phase I

Flashcard 971: Does Ciprofloxacin alter the blood levels of drugs like Warfarin, Digoxin, Statins?_____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 972: Nitrofurantoin is used to treat patients who have UTIs and are currently _____

Answer: pregnant

Flashcard 973: What is the treatment for Actinomyces israelii?_____

Answer: Penicillin

Flashcard 974: Which antibiotics are actively transported into the cell via an oxygen-dependent process?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 975: Which neuromuscular pathology is an absolute contraindication to aminoglycoside use?_____

Answer: Myasthenia gravis

Flashcard 976: Macrolides (-thromycin) can prolong the _____, predisposing to Torsades de pointes

Answer: QT interval

Flashcard 977: Which antibiotic is an alternative agent for Rickettsial infections,especially in pregnancy when doxycycline is contraindicated?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 978: Treatment of Brucellosis includes doxycycline and _____

Answer: streptomycin

Flashcard 979: Cephalosporins have similar hypersensitivities to those seen in what drugs?_____

Answer: Penicillins

Flashcard 980: What generation of cephalosporins can be used to treat UTI's caused by gram negative bacteria (PEcK)?_____

Answer: 1st generation cephalosporins

Flashcard 981: Prophylaxis antibiotic against encapsulated bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae) in asplenic patients_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 982: Large doses of vitamin C can give false _____ stool guaiac results

Answer: negative

Flashcard 983: Certain drugs (e.g. _____), bind to RBC membranes, leading to formation of antibodies against the drug-RBC complex (IgG-mediated hemolytic anemia)

Answer: penicillin

Flashcard 984: _____ are a class of antibiotics that are avoided in pregnancy as they cause cartilage damage.

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 985: Interstitial nephritis that develops as a result of Penicillin administration is a type _____ hypersensitivity rxn

Answer: IV

Flashcard 986: Ampicillin is oral and poorly absorbed, so it can be found in high concentrations in the gut.This predisposes to infection by what organism?_____

Answer: Clostridium difficile

Flashcard 987: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside that treats tulermia caused by _____

Answer: Francisella tularensis

Flashcard 988: What is used for prophylaxis of Leptospirosis?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 989: C. difficile pseudomembranous colitis is classically linked to which protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic?_____

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 990: Can penicillins / derivatives cause sloughing of skin at the dermal-epidermal junction? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 991: What drug is used for treatment or prophylaxis of rheumatic fever?_____

Answer: Benzathine Penicillin G

Flashcard 992: How do Cephalosporin antibiotics influence the nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides?_____

Answer: Increase

Flashcard 993: Which protein synthesis inhibitor can precipitate serotonin syndrome?_____

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 994: Fluoroquinolones can prolong the _____, predisposing to Torsades de pointes

Answer: QT interval

Flashcard 995: Which two antibiotics bind to the 50S subunit of ribosomes and inhibit translocation?_____

Answer: Macrolides and Clindamycin

Flashcard 996: Which urinary antiseptic is used for uncomplicated UTI's in pregnancy?_____

Answer: Nitrofurantoin

Flashcard 997: Which antitumor antibiotic drug soley forms free radicals, causing strand breaks in DNA?_____

Answer: Bleomycin

Flashcard 998: What adverse effect is associated with tetracycline use in children?_____

Answer: Teeth discoloration

Flashcard 999: Which Tetracycline is fecally excreted?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 1000: Fidaxomicin is indicated for recurrent cases of infection by _____

Answer: Clostridium difficile

Flashcard 1001: Beta-lactam used to treat Listeria monocytogenes meningitis_____

Answer: Ampicillin

Flashcard 1002: What drugs are used in the empiric treatment of pyelonephritis?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 1003: What is the first line treatment for a patient with H. pylori infection?_____

Answer: Triple therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) + clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole

Flashcard 1004: Vancomycin has activity against gram _____

Answer: positives

Flashcard 1005: What bacterial enzyme hydrolyzes the -lactam ring of certain penicillins and cephalosporins (-lactam's), rendering them inactive? _____

Answer: -lactamase

Flashcard 1006: Daptomycin can be used to treat _____-resistant bacterial strains

Answer: vancomycin

Flashcard 1007: MDR pseudomonas and acinetobacter baumannii are treated with _____.

Answer: polymixins B + E (colisitin)

Flashcard 1008: _____ is a cephalosporin that can be used for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent S. aureus wound infections.

Answer: Cefazolin

Flashcard 1009: Sulfa drugs are associated with the rare cutaneous skin complication _____

Answer: Steven-Johnson syndrome

Flashcard 1010: Isoniazid hepatotoxicity results in an asymptomatic rise in _____ on LFTs

Answer: aminotransferases (AST, ALT)

Flashcard 1011: Helicobacter pylori triple therapy includes a PPI, amoxicillin/metronidazole, and _____

Answer: clarithromycin

Flashcard 1012: Which drug is first-line in the treatment of Lyme disease?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 1013: What is the treatment for all disorders caused by Rickettsia spp.?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 1014: Which chemotherapeutic drugs form free radicals and also intercalate into DNA?_____

Answer: Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)

Flashcard 1015: Which drug is second line in the treatment of Bacillus anthracis?_____

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 1016: Which Aminoglycoside is not given intravenously?_____

Answer: Neomycin

Flashcard 1017: What drug class includes clindamycin and lincomycin?_____

Answer: Lincosamides

Flashcard 1018: Spectrum of amoxicillin, ampicillin (aminopenicillins)?_____

Answer: Broad spectrum

Flashcard 1019: Which drugs are first line in the treatment of Bacillus anthracis?_____

Answer: Fluoroquinolones

Flashcard 1020: Which antibiotic is typically used to treat meningitis in developing countries?_____

Answer: Chloramphenicol

Flashcard 1021: Aminopenicillins that work against H. influenzae_____

Answer: Amoxicillin, ampicillin

Flashcard 1022: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin) causing a maculopapular rash in EBV infection is a type _____ hypersensitivity rxn

Answer: IV

Flashcard 1023: DOC for ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae_____

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 1024: Monobactams such as Aztreonam are what class of antibiotics?_____

Answer: -lactams

Flashcard 1025: _______ is a macrolide antibiotic that can be used to treat diptheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Answer: Erythromycin

Flashcard 1026: What is the drug of choice for Rickettsia. spp? _______

Answer: Doxycycline

Flashcard 1027: What antibiotics are the drug of choice for Enterobacter? _______

Answer: Carbapenems

Flashcard 1028: What is the drug of choice for whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis)? _______

Answer: Azithromycin

Flashcard 1029: _______ is the drug of choice to treat aspiration pneumonia

Answer: Clindamycin

Flashcard 1030: The drug of choice for treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is _______

Answer: Penicillin

Keywords: Antibiotics flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards

Study by Chapter

Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors

Flashcards

Cephalosporins

Flashcards

Carbapenems and monobactams

Flashcards

Fluoroquinolones

Flashcards

Aminoglycosides

Flashcards

Macrolides, ketolides, and lincosamides

Flashcards

Tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

Flashcards

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Flashcards

Vancomycin and other glycopeptides

Flashcards

Oxazolidinones and streptogramins

Flashcards

Daptomycin and lipopeptides

Flashcards

Polymyxins

Flashcards

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms

Flashcards

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Antibiotics — Flashcards

Antibiotics — Flashcards

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