Growth/Development — Flashcards
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A child wishes to know more about his/her illness.
What does the APGAR predict?
What are the components of the APGAR score?
Which of the following is more associated with obesity? _____
Which of the listed three demographics count the mortality of the following cancers as their top 3 most fatal in the United States? _____
Hint: Men, Women, or Children (age 0-14)?
Eosinophilic esophagitis presents similarly to severe GERD and often occurs in _____
Hint: demographic
What grimace is associated with the following scores using the Apgar score? 0: _____ 1: _____ 2: _____
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in children? _____
Children < _____ years old should not ride in a seat with a front facing airbag
_____ syndrome, also known as dwarfism, is due to defective growth hormone receptors, causing decreased linear growth
Growth/Development US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Growth/Development with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Growth/Development Flashcard Deck - 324 Cards
Flashcard 1: A child wishes to know more about his/her illness.
Answer: Ask what parents have told the child about their illness. In most cases, parents decide what information can be relayed.
Flashcard 2: What does the APGAR predict?
Answer: prognostic for development of neurological problems
Flashcard 3: What are the components of the APGAR score?
Answer: Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
Flashcard 4: Which of the following is more associated with obesity? _____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: Which of the listed three demographics count the mortality of the following cancers as their top 3 most fatal in the United States? _____
Answer: Children (age 0-14)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Eosinophilic esophagitis presents similarly to severe GERD and often occurs in _____
Answer: children
Extra: * whereas GERD usually occurs in adults Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: What grimace is associated with the following scores using the Apgar score? 0: _____ 1: _____ 2: _____
Answer: no response to stimulation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in children? _____
Answer: Poor diet
Extra: Watch Iron Deficiency Anemia & Anemia of Chronic Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-microcytic-anemias-iron-deficiency-anemia-and-anemia-of-chronic-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 9: Children < _____ years old should not ride in a seat with a front facing airbag
Answer: 12
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: _____ syndrome, also known as dwarfism, is due to defective growth hormone receptors, causing decreased linear growth
Answer: Laron
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis usually appears on the _____ in infancy
Answer: face
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-skin?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/eczematous-rashes/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 12: Children should ride in rear-facing car seats until they are _____ years old
Answer: 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) is a cause of _____ lung disease
Answer: interstitial restrictive
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: Low birth weight is defined as less than _____ grams (5.5 pounds)
Answer: 2500
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: Rett syndrome is almost exclusively seen in _____
Answer: females
Extra: Watch Rett Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics/videos/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics-x-linked-dominant-diseases-rett-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: Urinary incontinence > _____ times / week for > 3 months in persons > 5 years old is known as Enuresis
Answer: 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: Evidence of physical abuse in a child includes _____ (e.g. trunk, ear, neck; in pattern of implement)
Answer: bruises
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: Osgood-Schlatter Disease is commonly seen in which demographic? _____
Answer: Childhood athletes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: Osgood-Schlatter Disease is commonly seen in patients after their _____
Answer: pubertal growth spurt
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: The symptoms of _____ may be remembered with the mnemonic "MEALS": M: Malnutrition E: Edema A: Anemia L: Liver (fatty) S: Skin lesions (dyspigmentation, hyperkeratosis, etc)
Answer: Kwashiorkor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: In Tanner stage _____, the pubic hair coarsens, the penis size increases, and the breast enlarges
Answer: III
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: What is the most common cancer in children? _____
Answer: Leukemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: In a baby whose mother had untreated gestational diabetes, upon delivery neonates can develop transient _____
Answer: hypoglycemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine/diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: _____ hemangiomas appear in the first few weeks of life and grow rapidly, before regressing spontaneously
Answer: Strawberry (superficial)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/additional-dermatologic-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Evidence of physical abuse in a child includes _____ (e.g. ribs, long bone spiral, multiple in different stages of healing)
Answer: fractures
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: In the developing fetus, mature levels of surfactant are not achieved until around week _____
Answer: 35
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: What treatment may be used to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome after birth? _____
Answer: Artificial surfactant for the infant
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: _____ is the ideal nutrition for infants < 6 months old
Answer: Breast milk
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: Desmopressin may be used to treat night _____
Answer: enuresis (bed wetting)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: What primitive reflex is characterized by sucking when the roof of the mouth is touched? _____
Answer: Sucking reflex
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Evidence of physical abuse in a child includes _____ (e.g. cigarette, buttocks/thighs)
Answer: burns
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Children should use a booster seat until they are _____ years old (or until the seat belt fits properly)
Answer: 8
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with _____ birth
Answer: premature
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: What activity is associated with each of the following scores using the Apgar score? 0: _____ 1: _____ 2: _____
Answer: no movement
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: Thyroid hormones stimulate bone _____ as a result of ossification and fusion of the growth plates
Answer: maturation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: By age 1, the total IgA level is approximately _____% of adult levels
Answer: 20
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Health professionals may provide parents with _____ guidance to address significant changes to expect during their child's development
Answer: anticipatory
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Children should ride in car seats with a harness until they are _____ years old
Answer: 4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Which of the following is associated with an insidious onset of hip pain? _____
Answer: Legg-Calvé-Perthes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: When Seborrheic Dermatitis is seen in infants, it is known as "_____"
Answer: Cradle Cap
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/papulosquamous/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: What respiration is associated with the following scores using the Apgar score? 0: _____ 1: _____ 2: _____
Answer: no breathing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: Which of the following usually occurs in children between 12-14 years old? _____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: _____ is a malnutrition disorder that results from a(n) calorie-deficient diet
Answer: Marasmus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: What age group is most commonly affected by type 1 DM? _____
Answer: < 30 years old
Extra: Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: Secondhand smoke increases the risk of respiratory tract illnesses in children, most significantly _____ and asthma
Answer: otitis media
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Bruising, petechiae, pallor, non-tender lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in a 2-5 year old is suggestive of _____
Answer: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Extra: Watch Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Hairy Cell Leukemia & Adult T cell Leukemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll-hairy-cell-leukemia-and-adult-t-cell-leukemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Clinical features of _____ syndrome include short height, small head circumference, facies with saddle nose and prominent forehead, small genitalia, and delayed skeletal maturation
Answer: Laron
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: What is the major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? _____
Answer: Second-hand smoke (nicotine, CO)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: Radial head subluxation is the most common elbow injury in those under _____ years of age
Answer: 5
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: The _____ stages of sexual development are assigned independently to genitalia, pubic hair, and breast
Answer: Tanner
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: _____ syndrome often results in missed school or overuse of medical services
Answer: Vulnerable child
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: _____ is a malnutrition disorder characterized by emaciation with tissue and muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat +/- edema
Answer: Marasmus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: A pot-bellied, pale, puffy-faced child with protruding umbilicus, protuberant tongue, and poor brain development is characteristic of _____
Answer: cretinism
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimotos Thyroiditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-overview-and-hashimotos-thyroiditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: Child _____ is failure to provide a child with adequate food, shelter, supervision, education, and/or affection
Answer: neglect
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Vitamin D deficiency causes _____ in children; presents as bone pain and deformity
Answer: rickets
Extra: Watch Vitamin D [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-d?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Osteomalacia & Rickets [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-d?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: What is the effect of increased fetal insulin on surfactant production? _____
Answer: Decreased surfactant production
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Exclusively breastfed infants require _____ supplementation
Answer: vitamin D
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: What is the first-line treatment for bedwetting in children? _____
Answer: Motivational therapy (e.g. star chart)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-physiology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: Duchenne muscular dystrophy presents with weakness in the _____ muscles and progresses superiorly
Answer: pelvic girdle
Extra: Watch Muscular Dystrophies [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-muscle-muscular-dystrophies?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/high-yield-genetic-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 60: _____ is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
Answer: Minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)
Extra: Watch Nephrotic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephrotic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrotic-syndromes?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephrotic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 61: Obstructive sleep apnea may be caused by _____ hypertrophy in children
Answer: adenotonsillar
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: In patients with intussusception, a(n) _____ is diagnostic and may be therapeutic
Answer: barium enema
Extra: Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: When are patients screened for phenylketonuria? _____
Answer: 2-3 days after birth
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki Other: BH4 = tetrahydrobiopterin
Flashcard 64: Krabbe disease often presents with peripheral neuropathy and developmental _____
Answer: delay
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: What is the next step in management for precocious puberty if the pulsatile GnRH stimulation test increases LH levels? _____
Answer: Brain MRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: What is the clinical presentation of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? _____
Answer: Premature neonate delivered because of perinatal distress with grunting/respiratory distress
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Non-traumatic raccoon eyes in child is seen in _____
Answer: neuroblastoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: _____ are the first-line abortive treatment for children with migraine
Answer: NSAIDs or acetaminophen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: Screening for iron deficiency anemia is done at age _____ and is treated with _____
Answer: 1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: What genetic pathology is characterized by inappropriate laughter, seizures, ataxia, and severe intellectual disability? _____
Answer: Angelman syndrome ("happy puppet syndrome")
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Childhood insulin resistance may lead to a decrease in _____ resulting in increased levels of free sex steroids
Answer: sex hormone binding globulin,
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Treatment of strabismus includes patching or blurring of the _____ eye
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki allows for strengthening of the deviated eye to prevent amblyopia (vision loss from disuse of deviated eye)
Flashcard 73: What is the most likely diagnosis in an infant with difficulty swallowing, speaking, crawling, and sitting, with increased muscle tone and lesions on MRI? _____
Answer: Spastic cerebral palsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Craniotabes (soft skull), widened wrists, rachitic rosary and genu varum is suggestive of _____
Answer: Rickets
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: The hallmark of _____ is myoclonic jerks when awakening from sleep, and treatment is _____
Answer: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: _____ disease presents with focal pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity, secondary to traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
Answer: Osgood-Schlatter
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Suspected constitutional growth delay = _____
Answer: bone age
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: The genu varum deformity (bow legs) is normal in children ≤ _____
Answer: 2 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: What is first-line therapy for nocturnal enuresis? _____
Answer: Fluid restriction at night Behavioral training with a urine alarm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-behavioral/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: External rotation of the thigh upon hip flexion is suggestive of _____
Answer: SCFE
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: What are two common pediatric fractures? _____
Answer: Greenstick fracture Torus fracture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: What is the next step in management for precocious puberty if the pulsatile GnRH stimulation test increases LH levels, but the MRI is negative? Treat with _____
Answer: continuous leuprolide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Prepubertal boy with right-sided varicocele that does not decrease in size when supine is managed with _____
Answer: abdominal U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: What is first-line abortive treatment for children with migraines? _____
Answer: NSAIDs/Acetaminophen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: Which fluid replacement therapeutic is often the standard maintenance fluid? _____ with the 4/2/1 (hourly) 100/50/20 rule (daily) rule
Answer: D5 1/2 normal saline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can lead to parasomnias and _____
Answer: secondary enuresis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age _____ months for children whose water supply is deficient in fluoride
Answer: 6
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: What does human milk help improve in infants? _____
Answer: Gastric emptying
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: _____ most commonly presents as pain at the base of the heel in an active boy *bonus: what is the diagnostic test used for this diagnosis?
Answer: Calcaneal apophysitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: Maternal gestational diabetes → ↑ risk of neonatal _____
Answer: polycythemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Treatment of strabismus includes patching or blurring of the _____ eye
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: What is the treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)? (2) _____
Answer: Ventilation via CPAP/PEEP ET admin of artificial surfactant If respiratory insuffiencey persits, intubation may be needed
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Infant with bloody diarrhea that is failing to thrive is suggestive of _____
Answer: milk-protein allergy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: What is the prenatal and postnatal treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia? _____
Answer: Prental → Steroids (mom) Postnatal → Surfactant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-icu/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Significant degrees of angulation after fracture in a child _____ lead to permanent deformity
Answer: will not
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: _____ - papulopustular rash seen in babies in first few weeks of life.
Answer: Neonatal acne
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: What is the likely diagnosis in a 3-12 year old boy that presents with chronic hip/knee pain with limited internal rotation/abduction of the affected hip? The gait is antalgic. _____
Answer: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: What is the most appropriate recommendation for a teenager w/ appropriately-controlled T1DM who wants to enagage in school sports (physical activity)? _____
Answer: Lower insulin dosage on days of exercise
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: What is the pathophysiology of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)? _____
Answer: Delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Calcaneal apophysitis presents with tenderness at the _____ of the heel
Answer: back
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: What is the next best step in working up an infant at an increased risk for fetal anemia, as determined by maternal antibody titers? _____ to assess for increased flow
Answer: Transcranial doppler
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: What is shown here in the baby's diaper? _____
Answer: Uric acid crystals
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Flashcard 103: What is the initial management for patients <6 y/o with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? _____
Answer: Limited weight bearing and physical therapy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: Formula-fed infant presenting with vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and failure to thrive? _____
Answer: Milk protein allergy Cross-reactivity with soy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/allergies/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Clues in a vignette that an APGAR score is (slightly) abnormal? 1 point each: _____
Answer: Acrocyanosis HR <100 Irregular respirations
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: Infant brought into the ED with altered LOC, found to be comatose; CT head shows subdural? _____
Answer: Shaken baby syndrome (abuse)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/preventable-trauma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: What is the rule for calculating the percentage of skin involved in burns in pediatrics? - Head: _____ - Thorax: _____ - Arms: _____ - Legs: _____ - Genitals: _____
Answer: 9% each side (18% total)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/preventable-trauma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: What is the recommended management for children with moderate lead poisoning (45 - 69 mcg/dL on venous blood testing)? _____
Answer: DMSA (succimer)
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Flashcard 109: Childhood insulin resistance is associated with _____ precocious puberty
Answer: peripheral
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Flashcard 110: Birth weight should be regained by age _____ weeks
Answer: 2
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Flashcard 111: What is a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE)? (4) Must be <1 minute event in an infant <1 year old: _____
Answer: - Δ color (red, blue, pale) - Δ muscle tone (hyper- or hypotonic) - Δ respirations (choking, gagging, apnea) - Δ responsiveness
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Repeated ear infections can result in _____, which may be confused with behavioral disorders of childhood; therefore, get a(n) _____ in children presenting with social or language problems
Answer: conductive hearing loss
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in preadolescent children (< 10 years old)? _____
Answer: Minimal change disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: What is the treatment for PKU? _____
Answer: Decrease phenylalanine in diet and increase tyrosine content
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Flashcard 115: Premature neonate with perinatal distress; grunting/respiratory distress: _____
Answer: Respiratory distress syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: Infant with excessive consumption of cow's milk (>24 ounces per day). What should you suspect? _____
Answer: Iron deficiency anemia
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Flashcard 117: What is the likely diagnosis in a young boy that presents with two months of progressive hip pain with limited internal rotation/abduction of the affected hip? _____
Answer: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-peds/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: Order of growth measurements affected with failure to thrive? _____
Answer: Weight then height then head circumference
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/well-child/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: Newborn is withered, meconium stained, long-nailed, fragile, and has small associated placenta 1) Likely dx? 2) What is the greatest risk factor for this? _____
Answer: 1) Fetal dysmaturity 2) Post-term birth
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Where on the chest is venous hum auscultated? _____
Answer: Right supraclavicular area
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Flashcard 121: Swallowed coin and no stridor (X-ray below) is managed with _____ Swallowed coin and stridor is managed with _____
Answer: endoscopy
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Flashcard 122: In traumatic brain injuries to children <2 years old, non-contrast CT is indicated in patients with _____ and palpable skull fractures
Answer: nonfrontal scalp hematomas
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: What is the likely diagnosis in an infant that presents with the lesion below? _____
Answer: Superficial infantile (strawberry) hemangioma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: What pathology are you trying to detect in a vision screening of children: _____
Answer: Amblyopia
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Flashcard 125: 50% of patients with calcaneal apophysitis have _____ disease
Answer: bilateral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is characterized by _____ rotation of the thigh upon hip flexion
Answer: external
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: Pseudohypertrophy of calf mm. is suggestive of _____
Answer: Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: In pediatric brain injuries, non-contrast CT is indicated for patients with _____, loss of consciousness, and severe mechanism of injury (high impact, MVC)
Answer: altered mental status
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Flashcard 129: Early activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is suggestive of _____
Answer: central precocious puberty
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: Kernicterus can cause hearing impairment _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: What are two important risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome? _____
Answer: Prematurity Maternal diabetes mellitus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: Which malignancy crosses midline? _____
Answer: Neuroblastoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: Failure of visual development in the CNS results in _____
Answer: amblyopia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: Floppy baby and tongue fasciculations is characteristic of _____
Answer: Werdnig-Hoffman disease (spinal muscular atrophy)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: Patient (young boy) presents with complaints of having to use arms to stand up from squat: _____
Answer: Gowers sign - Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: Is non-contrast CT indicated for a 3-year-old child who falls 0.6m? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 137: Growth failure is either persistent weight below _____ percentile, or falling off the growth chart (crossing two major percentile lines)
Answer: 5th
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Flashcard 138: _____ is an eye complication associated with supplemental O2 therapy in neonatal respiratory distress babies (due to neovascularization)
Answer: Retinopathy of prematurity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/peds-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: _____ precocious puberty is diagnosed when leuprolide (GnRH stimulation) causes no change in LH production
Answer: Peripheral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: What is the likely diagnosis in an obese, adolescent boy that presents with progressive groin or knee pain over the past month? _____
Answer: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: Below is a photo of a child with _____
Answer: hair tourniquet syndrome
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Flashcard 142: Rett syndrome presents in _____ as motor, verbal, and intellectual regression with stereotyped _____
Answer: girls
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Flashcard 143: Infants < _____ months should not use sunscreen, so they should first use protective clothing
Answer: 6
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Flashcard 144: What is the diagnosis in a child with hyperactive bowel sounds, no bowel movement in 3 days, and normal ultrasound? _____
Answer: Functional constipation
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Flashcard 145: 1. Uneven gluteal folds 2. Easy posterior dislocation of hip that returns w/ a snap _____
Answer: Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is characterized by improper progression of _____ that is reversible over time
Answer: alveolarization (larger and fewer in number)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/ards/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: What physical exam maneuvers are used to assess for developmental dysplasia of the hip? _____
Answer: Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: What is the likely diagnosis in an 18-month-old girl with seizures, lurching gait, loss of speech, and minimal hand use? _____
Answer: Rett syndrome
Extra: Watch Rett Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics/videos/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics-x-linked-dominant-diseases-rett-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: Child with bone pain, non-tender lymphadenopathy, and pancytopenia is suggestive of _____
Answer: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: Genu valgus (knock knees) is normal between ages _____ and _____
Answer: 4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: "Progressive muscle weakness in boys" "Calf pseudohypertrophy" "Child uses arms to stand up from squat" _____
Answer: Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne/Becker); X-linked
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: Ages for car seats and booster seats? - Car seats (rear-facing) = _____ - Booster seats = _____
Answer: 0-4 years*
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/preventable-trauma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: Bowing of the legs (genu varum) is considered a normal variation in children up to _____ years old
Answer: 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia (OMA) is associated with _____
Answer: neuroblastoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Calcaneal apophysitis presents with a(n) _____ heel and a(n) _____ achilles tendon
Answer: tender
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: What is the likely diagnosis in an infant that presents with leg-length discrepancy and asymmetric inguinal skin folds? _____
Answer: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: _____ is when a patient presents with secondary sex characteristics before age 8 in girls (or 9 in boys)
Answer: Precocious puberty
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: What is the treatment for milk-protein allergy? _____
Answer: Switch to hydrolyzed formula
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: After birth, children should be given 400IU vitamin D until _____ of age
Answer: 1 year
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? - "_____ to sleep" - Ø bed _____ - _____ cessation - Pacifier use during sleep
Answer: Back
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: Clinicians should offer or refer obese children and adolescents to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions at what ages: _____
Answer: 6-years or older
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease = _____ of femoral head in _____
Answer: osteonecrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: Which diseases of childhood can cause avascular necrosis? (2) _____
Answer: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: What is the most common etiology of persistent nasal obstruction during early childhood? _____
Answer: Adenoid hypertrophy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: Lennox-Gaustaut syndrome is typically diagnosed in children age < 7 with a wide array of seizure types accompanied by _____
Answer: mental retardation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Seizure with blank stare (suspected ADHD) and no post-ictal confusion is suggestive of _____
Answer: absence seizure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Child ages 2-5 with a smooth, non-tender abdominal mass that does not cross the midline and is associated with hematuria/HTN? _____
Answer: Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: Undetected hearing loss in children can cause _____ delay and can easily be mistaken for a neurodevelopmental or communication disorder
Answer: speech, language, or social
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: What is the management for patients >8 y/o with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? _____
Answer: Femoral osteotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: In traumatic brain injuries to children >2 years old, non-contrast CT is indicated for patients with _____, _____, and basilar skull fracture signs
Answer: vomiting
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Premature neonate with low lung volumes and granular/ground-glass pattern on chest X-ray? _____
Answer: Respiratory distress syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: Although obesity is a risk factor, slipped-capital femoral epiphysis may also be seen in _____
Answer: tall, thin adolescents
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Presence of blood-tinged stools in young infant who is healthy and active should raise suspicion of _____ What is this caused by? _____ Management? _____
Answer: protein-induced proctocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: Child not crying in a situation with a care-giver where you would expect them to? _____
Answer: Abuse
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: Neonate born prematurely with a month of continuing oxygen requirements and X-ray shows ground glass opacities (scarring) is suggestive of _____
Answer: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-icu/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: What is the likely diagnosis in a child with a supracondylar humerus fracture that complains of increasing pain despite multiple analgesics? _____
Answer: Compartment syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: What is the main complication of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? _____
Answer: Persistent oxygen requirement → bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: Categories of the APGAR score? _____
Answer: Apperance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: What is the next step in management for a healthy 12-year-old male that presents with delayed growth spurt, delayed puberty, and delayed bone age? _____
Answer: Reassurance and follow-up
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: A recommended vision screening at least once in all children ages: _____
Answer: 3- to 5-years-old
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: What is the next step in management for a macrosomic newborn with a clavicular fracture secondary to shoulder dystocia? _____
Answer: Reassurance / pin sleeve → chest
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Flashcard 182: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia → _____tension
Answer: hyper
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Flashcard 183: How many stools should a baby produce over 24 hours? _____ Wet diapers? _____
Answer: 3-4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: Intermittent strabismus is normal during the first _____ months of life
Answer: 4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: _____ precocious puberty is diagnosed when leuprolide (GnRH stimulation) causes an increase in LH production
Answer: Central
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Delayed puberty is the lack of secondary sex characteristics by age _____ or lack of menses by age _____
Answer: 13
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Idiopathic precocious puberty is a form of _____ precocious puberty
Answer: central
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: Neonatal clavicular fractures usually heal rapidly _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: Treatment of breast milk jaundice is _____ Treatment of breast feeding jaundice is _____
Answer: supplement with formula feeds
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Retinopathy of prematurity is due to high levels of oxygen causing _____ in the eye
Answer: neoangiogenesis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-icu/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: What is the most common hip disorder in adolescence? _____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: The first test to order for precocious puberty is _____
Answer: wrist X-ray
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Absence of 2° pubertal development is normal in girls ≤ 14, and boys ≤ 15 _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Female puberty occurs through the following stages: _____ at 8 years _____ at 9 years _____ at 10 years _____ at 11 years
Answer: Breasts (Thelarche)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: Amblyopia caught at an early age (< 8) is treated by patching the _____ eye
Answer: good
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: Precocious puberty (girls) = earlier than _____ Precocious puberty (boys) = earlier than _____
Answer: 8 yo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: Patients can bear weight with septic arthritis of the knee _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: 6 yo with insidious onset of hip/knee pain and an antalgic gait is suggestive of _____
Answer: Legg-Calvé-Perthe disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: What is the likely diagnosis in a well-appearing infant that presents with regurgitation after feeding, as well as eczema and painless, bloody stools? _____
Answer: Milk protein allergy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: Can slipped-capital-femoral epiphysis present with bilateral palpable inguinal lymph nodes? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: What is the management for patients <6 y/o with refractory Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? _____
Answer: Casting and bracing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Shaken baby syndrome is an example of _____-_____ head injury
Answer: acceleration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: Breast _____ jaundice = ↓ feed volume → reabsorption of bilirubin Breast _____ jaundice = enyzmes in milk inhibit 2,3 UDP-GT
Answer: feeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: In addition to lifestyle modifications, refractory constipation in a toddler may be managed initially with _____ therapy
Answer: oral laxative
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: What is the likely diagnosis in a non-dysmorphic infant that presents with bilateral lower extremity hypertonia and hyperreflexia with equinovarus deformities of both feet? _____
Answer: Cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia subtype)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: Unarousable infant assessed for lethargy; hemorrhages on funduscopic exam? _____
Answer: Shaken baby syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 207: What is the likely diagnosis in a 5-day-old baby that presents with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and signs of dehydration after exclusively breastfeeding? _____
Answer: Breastfeeding failure jaundice
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: The vast majority of strawberry hemangiomas resolve spontaneously _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: Skin cancer counseling to patients with fair skin types should consist of: _____
Answer: Minimizing exposure to untraviolet (UV) radiation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 210: Retinopathy of prematurity is managed with _____
Answer: laser
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-icu/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: What is the pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? _____
Answer: Prematurity → underdeveloped lungs → inadequate surfactant → alveoli fail to open ("derecruitment") → poor oxygenation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 212: < 6 month old with bilateral jerking of head/extremities without fever and interictal EEG showing hypsarrhythmia is suggestive of _____
Answer: West syndrome (infantile spasm)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: Calcaneal apophysitis is also known as _____ disease
Answer: Sever
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: What are the two diagnostic findings for calcaneal apophysitis? _____
Answer: Tenderness at base of the heel (+) Calcaneal compression test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 215: Acute onset of cough in a child with SOB; X-ray shows hyperinflation and physical exam shows decreased breath sounds with unilateral wheezing: _____
Answer: Foreign body aspiration; diagnose with bronchoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/lower-airway/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 216: Young girl with thin, fused labia minora is due to _____
Answer: labial adhesions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 217: In children, injury to the growth plate of the tibia or femur can result in _____
Answer: limb-length discrepancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 218: For dental caries prevention, what is applied to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption: _____
Answer: Fluoride varnish
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 219: Hemiplegic migraines are most common in _____ and present with headache, visual aura, and a self-resolving hemiplegia
Answer: adolescents
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Flashcard 220: _____ is characterized by increased protein excretion only in the upright position more commonly occurring in overweight adolescents
Answer: Orthostatic proteinuria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 221: Eczema in infant = _____ surfaces Eczema in children/adults = _____ surfaces
Answer: extensor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 222: What is the age range of milk-protein-induced allergic proctocolitis? _____
Answer: 1-12 months
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 223: Intrauterine growth restriction is a risk factor for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 224: What are the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis? Prematurity VLBW _____ _____
Answer: Reduced mesenteric perfusion (hypotension, CHD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 225: APGAR scores _____ predictive of future outcome, and _____ guide therapy
Answer: are not
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 226: At what age does bed wetting ( enuresis ) become concerning? _____ Therapies? _____
Answer: After age 5
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-behavioral/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 227: An 8 month old baby is evaluated for developmental delay, failure to thrive, & episodic of seizures. -Physical Exam: Ophthalmoplegia, hypotonia. -Lab: Elevated serum lactate level -Histochemical studies: reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. -Increase of what substance will most likely help this patient generate energy without further elevating lactate levels?
Answer: Lysine or Leucine Because they are exclusively ketogenic amino acids, they can't be metabolize to pyruvate, they won't lead to increase lactic acid. Due to Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (pyruvate can't convert to acetyl-CoA, thus convert to lactic acid.) Key: Don't confuse lactate dehydrogenase with pyruvate dehygrogenase. Lactate dehygrogenase: convert pyruvate to lactic acid Pyruvate dehydrogenase convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Symptoms: Neurological sympt. & high lactic acid.
Flashcard 228: Neuroblastoma may present with _____ syndrome, sometimes referred to as "dancing eyes, dancing feet"
Answer: opsoclonus-myoclonus
Flashcard 229: Which is more severe, Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy? _____
Answer: Duchenne
Flashcard 230: In thyroid hormone deficiency, bone age is _____ than chronologic age
Answer: less
Flashcard 231: Exclusively breastfed infants require _____ supplementation
Answer: vitamin D
Flashcard 232: What malnutrition disorder presents as a small child with a swollen abdomen? _____
Answer: Kwashiorkor
Flashcard 233: The most common cause of burns in children are _____ burns
Answer: scald
Flashcard 234: Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is a childhood arthritis seen in patients younger than _____ old
Answer: 16 years
Flashcard 235: Clinical features of _____ syndrome include short height, small head circumference, facies with saddle nose and prominent forehead, small genitalia, and delayed skeletal maturation
Answer: Laron
Flashcard 236: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in infants? _____
Answer: Breastfeeding (human milk is low in iron)
Flashcard 237: The _____ stages of sexual development are assigned independently to genitalia, pubic hair, and breast
Answer: Tanner
Flashcard 238: What demographic (age, gender) is associated with Ewing sarcoma? _____
Answer: Boys < 15 years old (specific)
Flashcard 239: By age 1, the total antibody level is approximately _____% of adult levels
Answer: 60
Flashcard 240: Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis usually appears on the _____ in infancy
Answer: face
Flashcard 241: Which of the following is associated with hypothyroidism as a predisposing condition?_____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Flashcard 242: Rickets may present with pathologic _____ legs (genu varum)
Answer: bow
Flashcard 243: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy most often presents when patients are _____
Answer: teenagers
Flashcard 244: In patients with Osgood-Schlatter Disease, patients report pain on resisted knee _____
Answer: extension
Flashcard 245: In Tanner stage _____, pubic hair appears (pubarche), breast buds form (thelarche), and testicular enlargement occurs
Answer: II
Flashcard 246: Which of the following is associated with acute hip/knee pain and altered gait (outward facing toe gait)?_____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Flashcard 247: What is the treatment for physiologic neonatal jaundice? _____
Answer: Non-UV phototherapy
Flashcard 248: A pot-bellied, pale, puffy-faced child with protruding umbilicus, protuberant tongue, and poor brain development is characteristic of _____
Answer: cretinism
Flashcard 249: The Barlow and Ortolani Maneuvers are used to diagnose _____
Answer: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Flashcard 250: What primitive reflex is described as a "hang on for life" reflex? _____
Answer: Moro reflex
Flashcard 251: Osgood-Schlatter Disease is commonly seen in childhood _____
Answer: athletes
Flashcard 252: What primitive reflex is characterized by curling of fingers when the palm is stroked? _____
Answer: Palmar reflex
Flashcard 253: Low birth weight is defined as less than _____ grams (5.5 pounds)
Answer: 2500
Flashcard 254: For refractory cases of Enuresis, you can use a bedwetting alarm or oral _____
Answer: desmopressin
Flashcard 255: Which of the following occurs in males in a 4:1 ratio?_____
Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes
Flashcard 256: B-ALL has a(n) _____ response to chemotherapy
Answer: excellent
Flashcard 257: Hand-Schuller-Christian disease is often seen in _____ (age group)
Answer: children > 3 years old
Flashcard 258: In Tanner stage _____, the penis width and glans increases and the breast enlarges with raised areola
Answer: IV
Flashcard 259: Radial head subluxation is the most common elbow injury in those under _____ years of age
Answer: 5
Flashcard 260: _____ is the deposition of bilirubin in the brain, especially basal ganglia, causing neurologic deficits and possibly death
Answer: Kernicterus
Flashcard 261: What is the most common renal malignancy of early childhood (ages 2-4)? _____
Answer: Wilms tumor
Flashcard 262: Rickets may present pectus _____ (Pigeon-breast deformity)
Answer: carinatum
Flashcard 263: What is the first-line treatment for bedwetting in children? _____
Answer: Motivational therapy (e.g. star chart)
Flashcard 264: Celiac disease in _____ (age group) classically presents as abdominal distention, steatorrhea, and failure to thrive
Answer: children
Flashcard 265: Which of the following is associated with an insidious onset of hip pain?_____
Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes
Flashcard 266: What primitive reflex is characterized by sucking when the roof of the mouth is touched?_____
Answer: Sucking reflex
Flashcard 267: Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is quantified by _____ radio-graphic studies of the left hand and wrist
Answer: bone age
Flashcard 268: What primitive reflex is characterized by nipple seeking (movement of head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked)? _____
Answer: Rooting reflex
Flashcard 269: Vitamin _____ excess increases risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants
Answer: E
Flashcard 270: Krabbe disease often presents with peripheral neuropathy and developmental _____
Answer: delay
Flashcard 271: What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children? _____
Answer: Neuroblastoma
Flashcard 272: When Seborrheic Dermatitis is seen in infants, it is known as "_____"
Answer: Cradle Cap
Flashcard 273: _____ is the death of a healthy infant (1 month to 1 year old) without obvious cause
Answer: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Flashcard 274: What is the most common cancer in children?_____
Answer: Leukemia
Flashcard 275: Which of the following usually occurs in children between 12-14 years old?_____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses
Flashcard 276: What vitamin should be orally supplemented in breastfed infants? _____
Answer: Vitamin D
Flashcard 277: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in children? _____
Answer: Poor diet
Flashcard 278: Patients who are experiencing _____ may draw legs to their chest to ease the pain
Answer: intussusception
Flashcard 279: What demographic (age group) is most commonly associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)? _____
Answer: Children
Flashcard 280: Homocystinuria may present with _____ disability, osteoporosis, and kyphosis
Answer: intellectual
Flashcard 281: What is the most common form of child maltreatment? _____
Answer: Child neglect
Flashcard 282: Evidence of physical abuse in a child includes _____ (e.g. cigarette, buttocks/thighs)
Answer: burns
Flashcard 283: Red flags for physical abuse include _____ changing with each retelling
Answer: caregiver story
Flashcard 284: Letterer-Siwe disease is often seen in _____ (age group)
Answer: infants < 2 years old
Flashcard 285: Evidence of physical abuse in a child includes _____ (e.g. ribs, long bone spiral, multiple in different stages of healing)
Answer: fractures
Flashcard 286: Red flags for physical abuse include _____ medical care
Answer: delayed
Flashcard 287: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with diffuse granularity of the lung with a "_____" appearance on CXR
Answer: ground-glass
Flashcard 288: The _____ is an assessment of newborn vital signs following labor via a 10-point scale evaluated at 1 minute and 5 minutes
Answer: Apgar score
Flashcard 289: Children should ride in rear-facing car seats until they are _____ years old
Answer: 2
Flashcard 290: Rickets may present with frontal bossing and _____ (soft skull)
Answer: craniotabes
Flashcard 291: Lead poisoning presents in children exposed to lead paint with _____ detoriation
Answer: mental
Flashcard 292: Red flags for physical abuse include _____ inconsistent with degree or type of injury
Answer: history
Flashcard 293: Which of the following is more associated with obesity?_____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses
Flashcard 294: Duchenne muscular dystrophy classically presents with the _____ sign, in which a patient uses their upper extremities to help stand up
Answer: Gower
Flashcard 295: In Tanner stage _____, a person is pre-pubertal (childhood) with no pubic hair and a flat chest
Answer: I
Flashcard 296: Which of the following usually occurs in children between 5-7 years old?_____
Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes
Flashcard 297: What demographic is associated with pyloric stenosis? _____
Answer: First-born males
Flashcard 298: Children should use a booster seat until they are _____ years old (or until the seat belt fits properly)
Answer: 8
Flashcard 299: Which intracranial hemorrhage is seen in shaken babies? _____
Answer: Subdural hematoma
Flashcard 300: Children should ride in car seats with a harness until they are _____ years old
Answer: 4
Flashcard 301: Asthma most commonly presents in _____ (age group)
Answer: childhood
Flashcard 302: Does breast milk contain vitamin K?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 303: What is the leading cause of intellectual disability in the US? _____
Answer: Fetal alcohol syndrome
Flashcard 304: Osgood-Schlatter Disease is commonly seen in patients after their _____
Answer: pubertal growth spurt
Flashcard 305: In Tanner stage _____, the pubic hair coarsens, the penis size increases, and the breast enlarges
Answer: III
Flashcard 306: What is the major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? _____
Answer: Second-hand smoke (nicotine, CO)
Flashcard 307: Patients with neuroblastomas can have orbital metastases resulting in proptosis and / or _____
Answer: periorbital ecchymosis
Flashcard 308: Canakinumab can be used to treat patients with Systemic _____ Arthritis
Answer: Juvenile Idiopathic
Flashcard 309: Which of the following is self-limited (~2-3 years)?_____
Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes
Flashcard 310: Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by _____ levels of ghrelin
Answer: increased
Flashcard 311: By age 1, the total IgA level is approximately _____% of adult levels
Answer: 20
Flashcard 312: Risk of cryptorchidism is increased if a baby is born _____
Answer: prematurely
Flashcard 313: When are patients screened for phenylketonuria?_____
Answer: 2-3 days after birth
Flashcard 314: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with _____ birth
Answer: premature
Flashcard 315: _____ is the isolated, temporary halting of skeletal growth in the absence of other causal physical abnormalities
Answer: Constitutional delay of growth and puberty
Flashcard 316: _____ syndrome often results in missed school or overuse of medical services
Answer: Vulnerable child
Flashcard 317: Severe infant deprivation can result in infant _____
Answer: death
Flashcard 318: Rett syndrome presents with _____, including loss of development and verbal abilities
Answer: regression
Flashcard 319: In Tanner stage _____ (adulthood) the penis and testis enlarge to adult size and the areola flattens
Answer: V
Flashcard 320: Is medulloblastoma typically seen in adults or children? _____
Answer: Children
Flashcard 321: 40% of deaths related to child abuse or neglect occur in children < _____ year(s) old
Answer: 1
Flashcard 322: Which primitive reflex is characterized by lateral flexion of the lower body toward the stimulated side upon stroking along one side of the spine while newborn is facedown? _____
Answer: Galant reflex
Flashcard 323: Are children who experience febrile seizures at a high risk of developing epilepsy?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 324: In what demographic is a Babinski reflex normal?_____
Answer: Infants
Keywords: Growth/Development flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Normal growth patterns
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Growth charts and interpretation
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Failure to thrive evaluation
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Short stature workup
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Tall stature evaluation
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Obesity in children
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Nutritional assessment tools
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Puberty stages (Tanner stages)
Flashcards
Precocious puberty
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Delayed puberty
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Growth hormone disorders
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Impact of chronic disease on growth
Flashcards
Catch-up growth
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