General Pathology — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: What is the underlying biochemical defect in I-cell disease (inclusion cell disease)?

Answer: Defect in N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase → Failure of Golgi to phosphorylate mannose residues (decreased M6P) → Proteins are secreted extracellularly rather than delivered to lysosomes.

Extra: - Clinical features: Coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement, and claw hand deformities. - Laboratory: High plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes. - Genetics: Autosomal Recessive (AR). - Inclusion bodies: Seen on biopsy (hence the name).

Flashcard 12: Scleroderma is characterized by _____ activation with resultant collagen deposition

Answer: fibroblast

Extra: * Fibroblasts activated by IL-13 & TGF-β

Flashcard 13: _____ tests or Blood (ELISA) tests for allergen-specific IgE are typically used to diagnose type I hypersensitivity reactions

Answer: Skin prick

Flashcard 14: In addition to RBCs, megaloblastic anemia also leads to megaloblastic change in cells that are _____

Answer: rapidly-dividing

Extra: Atlas: Other:

Flashcard 15: Hereditary spherocytosis will show _____ mean fluorescence of RBCs in eosin 5-maleimide (EMA) binding test

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 16: Which cellular change is characterized by an increased number of cells? _____

Answer: Hyperplasia

Flashcard 17: Histoplasma will characteristically present on histology as _____ with _____ bodies

Answer: macrophages

Extra: Histoplasma capsulatum is a systemic dimorphic fungus found in soil with bird or bat droppings (Mississippi and Ohio River valleys). Histology: Macrophages filled with small intracellular yeasts (2-4 µm) with narrow-based budding. They are much smaller than red blood cells.

Flashcard 18: _____-cytosis refers to cells of varying sizes

Answer: Aniso

Flashcard 19: Oligodendrocytes have a "_____" appearance histologically

Answer: fried egg

Flashcard 20: What type of scar extends beyond the borders of the original wound? _____

Answer: Keloid scar