Prenatal Care — Flashcards
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_____ and _____ are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women to avoid an increased risk of _____ cancer.
spermatocele
The umbilical vein carries _____ blood from the _____ to the _____.
There are _____ umbilical arteries and _____ umbilican veins in a normal umbilical cord.
Identify 11
Identify 8
The cytotrophoblast forms the _____ layer of the chorionic villi.
The syncytiotrophoblast forms the _____ layer of the chorionic villi.
What part of the placenta secretes hCG?
hCG is structurally similar to what maternal hormone?
Prenatal Care US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Prenatal Care with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Prenatal Care Flashcard Deck - 467 Cards
Flashcard 1: _____ and _____ are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women to avoid an increased risk of _____ cancer.
Answer: Estrogen
Flashcard 2: spermatocele
Answer: dilated epididymal duct
Extra:
Flashcard 3: The umbilical vein carries _____ blood from the _____ to the _____.
Answer: oxygenated
Flashcard 4: There are _____ umbilical arteries and _____ umbilican veins in a normal umbilical cord.
Answer: 2
Flashcard 5: Identify 11
Answer: amniotic fluid
Flashcard 6: Identify 8
Answer: amnion
Flashcard 7: The cytotrophoblast forms the _____ layer of the chorionic villi.
Answer: inner
Flashcard 8: The syncytiotrophoblast forms the _____ layer of the chorionic villi.
Answer: outer
Flashcard 9: What part of the placenta secretes hCG?
Answer: syncytiotrophoblast
Flashcard 10: hCG is structurally similar to what maternal hormone?
Answer: LH
Flashcard 11: List the materal components of the placenta.
Answer: dedicua basalis
Flashcard 12: List the fetal components of the placenta.
Answer: cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast
Flashcard 13: What is the purpose of the placenta?
Answer: primary site of nutrient and gas exchange between fetus and mother
Flashcard 14: What is the leading cause of congenital malformations in the US?
Answer: fetal alcohol syndrome
Flashcard 15: Before week 3, teratogens tend to exert _____ effects on the zygote.
Answer: all-or-none
Flashcard 16: What defines "Day 0" of embryogenesis?
Answer: fertilization of egg by sperm
Flashcard 17: The embryo implants and begins secreting hCG during _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: week 1
Flashcard 18: The embryo develops into a bilaminar disk by _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: week two
Extra: 2 weeks = 2 layers
Flashcard 19: The embryo develops into three layer during _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: week three
Extra: 3 weeks = 3 layers
Flashcard 20: Organogenesis occurs during weeks _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: 3-8
Flashcard 21: The fetal period begins at _____ of embryogenesis
Answer: week 8
Flashcard 22: Fetal movement is first observed during week _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: 8
Flashcard 23: Genitalia become visibly different by _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: week 10
Flashcard 24: What process establishes the embryonal germ layers?
Answer: gastrulation
Flashcard 25: Implantation usually occurs near _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: day 6
Flashcard 26: What pre-partum labs suggest a neural tube defect?
Answer: increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid and maternal serum increased ACh-esterase in amniotic fluid is confirmatory
Flashcard 27: When grading a female's obstetrical status, what does A represent? _____
Answer: Abortions (the total # of deliveries before 20 weeks)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: Müllerian agenesis, also known as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, presents as primary _____ in females with fully developed secondary sexual characteristics
Answer: amenorrhea
Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by the hormone _____, causing endometrial proliferation
Answer: 17β-estradiol (estrogen)
Extra: Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: Pregnancy may cause stress incontinence due to _____ intraabdominal pressure and hormone induced _____ of urethral tone / pelvic floor muscles
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/urinary-incontinence/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Bartholin cysts arise due to inflammation and _____ of the bartholin gland
Answer: obstruction
Extra: Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Size and tenderness of a fibroadenoma of the breast increases with exposure to _____
Answer: estrogen
Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki e.g. with pregnancy, prior to menstruation
Flashcard 33: _____ vaginalis presents no itching or burning
Answer: Gardnerella
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: _____ vaginalis presents with a gray discharge
Answer: Gardnerella
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: What is the most common site that endometriosis spreads to? _____
Answer: Ovary
Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Beginning at ovulation, primary oocytes begin to complete _____ (diploid) to form secondary oocytes (haploid)
Answer: meiosis I
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: _____ is a type of Condyloma that is caused by HPV, typically types 6 and 11
Answer: Condyloma Acuminatum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Polyhydramnios causes the uterus to be _____ than expected for gestational age, whereas oligohydramnios causes the uterus to be _____ than expected for gestational age
Answer: larger
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: _____ incontinence is due to outlet incompetence (e.g. urethral hypermobility or intrinsic sphincter deficiency)
Answer: Stress
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/urinary-incontinence/acquire?ref=anki - e.g. when intraabdominal pressure > sphincter pressure (urethral hypermobility means the urethra itself moves a lot due to weakened pelvic floor muscles, leading to inability to properly compress and close the urethra) - Outlet incompetence is urination without bladder contraction - Stress = think of things that put “stress” and force pee out - if there's less of an outflow obstruction, then it'll leak it even easier
Flashcard 40: How does insulin resistance change during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increase
Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki Especially during 2/3 trimesters, which leads to hyperglycemia
Flashcard 41: What treatment may be used to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome before birth? _____
Answer: Maternal steroids
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: Shedding of the endometrium occurs with loss of _____ support (menstrual phase)
Answer: progesterone
Extra: Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: Herpes virus can be transmitted via saliva, sex and vertically through the _____
Answer: placenta
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: _____ age of a fetus is calculated from date of conception (gestational age minus 2 weeks)
Answer: Embryonic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the _____ phase, which lasts from days 0 to 14
Answer: follicular (proliferative)
Extra: Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: _____ is transient mid-cycle ovulatory pain that may mimic appendicitis
Answer: Mittelschmerz
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: The function of hCG is to maintain the _____ by acting like LH for the first 8-10 weeks of pregnancy
Answer: corpus luteum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Variation in menstrual cycle length is attributed to the variability in duration of the _____ phase
Answer: follicular
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: In mid-to-late pregnancy (second and third trimester), the source of steroid hormones is the _____
Answer: placenta
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: What range of weeks is considered a term gestation? _____
Answer: 37-42 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: During pregnancy, there is a(n) _____-fold increase in estradiol and estrone
Answer: 50
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Which trimester is associated with the highest risk of congenital CMV? _____
Answer: 1st trimester*
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: In early pregnancy (first trimester), the source of steroid hormones is the _____
Answer: corpus luteum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: What complication can occur with VZV infection in pregnancy? _____
Answer: Congenital varicella syndrome
Extra: Watch Varicella zoster virus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-varicella-zoster-virus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Elevated levels of _____ in a non-pregnant patient is an indication that ovulation has occurred
Answer: progesterone
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: If fertilization occurs, syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta begin secreting _____ to maintain the corpus luteum
Answer: hCG
Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Lichen sclerosus presents as _____ with parchment-like (thin) vulvar skin
Answer: leukoplakia
Extra: * paper-thin skin Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: A(n) _____ cyst is a distention of an unruptured graafian follicle
Answer: follicular
Extra: Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: What is the mechanism by which progestins, alone, act as a contraceptive? _____
Answer: Thicken cervical mucus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: Fertilization most commonly occurs in the upper end of the fallopian tube called the _____
Answer: ampulla
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: How does blood pressure change during early pregnancy? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: What is the treatment of choice for a pregnant woman with hyperthyroidism in the second/third trimester? _____
Answer: Methimazole
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: Mammary duct ectasia classically arises in _____ (parity), _____-menopausal women
Answer: multiparous
Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: Trichomonas vaginalis causes _____ described as a '_____ cervix'
Answer: cervicitis
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: During the second and third trimesters, the fetal adrenal gland converts pregnenolone to _____
Answer: DHEA-sulfate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: What is the best interventional strategy for prevention of neonatal tetanus? _____
Answer: Maternal vaccination w/ toxoid vaccine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the fetal circulation via the _____
Answer: umbilical vein
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: What is the most effective emergency contraception? _____
Answer: Copper intrauterine device
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki Copper IUD > ulipristal pill > levonorgestrel pill (plan B) > OCPs
Flashcard 69: In pregnancy, the sciatic nerve may become compressed due to: - increased joint laxity from circulating _____ - changes in maternal posture (ex. spinal lordosis)
Answer: relaxin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: _____ activation can lead to release of growth factors, ROS, and inflammatory cytokines
Answer: RAGE (Receptor of AGE)
Extra: * ROS lead to diffuse tissue damage, particularly vascular endothelial cells https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine/diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: What is the most common cause of Condyloma acuminata? _____
Answer: HPV6; HPV11
Extra: Watch Human papillomavirus (Papillomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Congenital CMV occurs with infection during the _____ trimester
Answer: second
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: _____ age of a fetus is calculated from date of last menstrual period
Answer: Gestational
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: What is the #1 risk factor for cervical carcinoma? _____
Answer: Multiple sexual partners
Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Supine hypotension syndrome occurs when a pregnant woman lies on her back, and is due to the gravid uterus compressing the _____
Answer: inferior vena cava
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoal infection that occurs at a pH _____
Answer: > 4.5
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Pregnant patients with recurrent genital herpes should receive prophylactic _____
Answer: acyclovir
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: In areas with prenatal care, hydatidiform mole is diagnosed by routine _____ early in the first trimester
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: Supplemental maternal folic acid in early pregnancy decreases risk of _____ defects
Answer: neural tube
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: _____ discharge from the vagina is significant for Gardnerella vaginalis
Answer: Gray-white
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: What is most commonly the effect of teratogens after week 8 of gestation? _____
Answer: Organ hypoplasia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: _____ vaginalis presents with a(n) yellow-green discharge
Answer: Trichomonas
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Pregnant women are at risk of _____ transfer of toxoplasmosis
Answer: trans-placental
Extra: Watch Toxoplasma gondii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Breastfeeding reduces maternal risk of _____ and _____ cancer
Answer: breast
Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Breast Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki also associated with decreased risk of childhood cancer in the infant
Flashcard 85: A(n) _____ hydatidiform mole is associated with mildly increased levels of hCG
Answer: partial
Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Menopause is less symptomatic in _____ women due to increased levels of estrogen
Answer: obese
Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: _____ therapy can be used to induce ovulation by triggering the ovaries to release the mature eggs
Answer: hCG
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Alterations in natural _____ flora can lead to overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis
Answer: vaginal bacterial
Extra: Watch Gardnerella vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-gardnerella-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Culture of the mother's vagina at _____ of pregnancy is done to ensure Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has not colonized
Answer: 35 wks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: The nonsurgical treatment for endometriosis consists of _____ and _____
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: What is the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy? _____
Answer: Clotrimazole, Miconazole
Extra: Watch Azoles [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antifungals-azoles?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: A mnemonic used to remember the infectious agents which may cross the placenta and cause congenital infection is ToRCHeS: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ *Zika
Answer: Toxoplasmosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: What is the most common cause of nipple discharge (serous or bloody)? _____
Answer: Intraductal papilloma (often bloody)
Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: _____ is a mask-like hyperpigmentation of the cheeks associated with pregnancy and OCPs
Answer: Melasma (chloasma)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Elevated β-hCG is seen in pregnancy, especially when there are _____
Answer: multiple gestations
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathologies-of-pregnancy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: _____ replacement therapy may be used to minimize the symptoms of menopause
Answer: Estrogen/progesterone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the _____ begins to develop
Answer: corpus luteum
Extra: Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: The onset of menstrual cycles in females is referred to as _____
Answer: menarche
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: Growth of endometrium is _____ driven (proliferative phase)
Answer: estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Besides ingestion of contaminated food, how is Listeria monocytogenes transmitted? _____; vaginally during childbirth
Answer: Transplacentally
Extra: Watch Listeria monocytogenes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-listeria-monocytogenes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: How does coaguability change during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increased (hypercoagulability; decreases postpartum bleeding)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki - mechanism to decrease postpartum bleeding - ↑ risk of DVT
Flashcard 102: _____ vaginalis presents with a foul smell
Answer: Trichomonas
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: If fertilization does not occur, the residual elements of the ruptured ovarian follicle is replaced by a scar called the _____
Answer: corpus albicans
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: During pregnancy, a woman may experience intermittent sharp pain due to sudden movements of the stretching _____ ligament
Answer: round
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=22] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: What is the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis? _____
Answer: Metronidazole
Extra: Watch Trichomonas vaginalis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-other-tissue-trichomonas-vaginalis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: _____ occur when the structure left behind after egg rupture fills with fluid, which often occurs during pregnancy
Answer: Corpus luteum cysts
Extra: * may hemorrhage Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: Hemorrhoids may occur in _____ due to increased intra-abdominal pressure and IVC compression
Answer: pregnant women
Extra: Watch Anorectal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-anorectal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=42] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: Accessory nipples are typically asymptomatic but may swell or become tender during times of _____ fluctuation
Answer: hormonal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: Endometrial polyps may be asymptomatic or may present with painless abnormal _____
Answer: uterine bleeding
Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: The dominant hormone produced during the first trimester of pregnancy is _____
Answer: hCG
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn has the potential to occur when a Rh_____ mother has a Rh_____ fetus
Answer: -
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: How does cardiac output change during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increase (~50%)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: Which female sex steroid prevents endometrial hyperplasia? _____
Answer: Progesterone
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: Can the MMR vaccine be given to pregnant patients? _____
Answer: No! (live, attenuated; therefore contraindicated)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: Typically, on which day post fertilization do hCG levels rise to detectable levels in serum? _____
Answer: 8
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: In which weeks of embryogenesis can ultrasound identify gender of the baby? _____
Answer: Weeks 15-20
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: During the luteal phase of menstruation, cervical mucus becomes more _____ and less penetrable by sperm
Answer: thick (less watery)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by the hormone _____, causing increased secretory activity and vascularity of the endometrium
Answer: progesterone
Extra: Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: The risk of endometrial hyperplasia is reduced with use of _____ *bonus: why?
Answer: OCPs
Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Which β-blocker is used to treat hypertension during pregnancy (aka gestational hypertension)? _____
Answer: Labetalol
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: During the second and third trimesters, the fetal _____ converts DHEA-sulfate to 16-hydroxy DHEA-sulfate
Answer: liver
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: Is acyclovir given at >36 weeks in pregnant patients with a history of genital herpes? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: Is oral acyclovir given intrapartum in pregnant patients with a history of genital herpes and no lesions? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: Pregnancy and hypothyroidism = _____ dose of thyroid hormone
Answer: ↑
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Polyhydramnios is characterized by an amniotic fluid index ≥ _____ cm or a single deepest pocket ≥ 8 cm
Answer: 24
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: _____ = endometrium proliferation phase _____ = endometrium secretory phase
Answer: Estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: What is the preferred emergency contraception in a patient who also wants to avoid future pregnancy? _____
Answer: Copper IUD
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: What is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Pelvic/Renal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: What types of birth control are contraindicated in women who smoke and over age of 35? _____
Answer: Combined estrogen-progesterone contraceptives: OCP, patch, vaginal rings
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: For work-up of an ovarian mass, what is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis? _____
Answer: Pelvic US
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: What is the treatment for a pregnant mother with primary/secondary syphilis? _____
Answer: A single dose of penicillin G IM
Extra:
Flashcard 132: A normal 1-hour glucose challenge test is _____
Answer: <140 mg/dL
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: What cause of vaginitis is characterized by a green, malodorous, frothy discharge and vaginal inflammation? _____
Answer: Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis infection)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: Following uterine evacuation of a spontaneous abortion, all Rh- mothers with Rh+ father/fetus need to be given Rhogam within _____
Answer: 72 hours
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: What is the treatment for infertility in functional hypothalamic syndrome? _____
Answer: Pulsatile GnRH injections
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: What is the management of physiologic hydronephrosis of pregnancy? _____
Answer: Reassurance
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: Dilated and effaced cervix on physical exam is diagnostic of _____
Answer: cervical insufficiency
Extra:
Flashcard 138: What is the next step in management for a patient with positive urine pregnancy test and serum β-hCG of 800 mIU/mL? _____
Answer: Transvaginal ultrasound in 4 days
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: How do you evacuate the uterus medically in the first trimester? _____
Answer: Misoprostol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: _____ are forms of LARCs that are matchstick-sized rods implanted under the skin
Answer: Etonogestrel implants (Nexplanon/Implanon)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: Recommended screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria with a urine culture in pregnant women should be done at what weeks' gestation: _____
Answer: 12 to 16 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: Before abortion, do a urine pregnancy test and _____ to verify location and age of gestation
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Rhogam is administered at 28 weeks and _____ delivery
Answer: before or after
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: Hyperemesis gravidarum is differentiated from typical vomiting of pregnancy by the presence of laboratory abnormalities, changes in volume status, and/or _____ on urinalysis
Answer: ketones
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: Do you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women? _____
Answer: Yes!
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: What is the most common cause of elevated maternal serum AFP? _____
Answer: Incorrect dating (i.e. underestimation of gestational age)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: Abdominal binders are not recommended in pregnancy _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: What is the definition of secondary amenorrhea? _____
Answer: Absence of menses for ≥ 3 cycles or ≥ 6 months in pt w/ previously irregular cycles
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: Contraindications of IUDs are: _____ defects Unexplained uterine bleeding Endometrial or cervical cancer Pelvic infection
Answer: Anatomical
Extra:
Flashcard 150: When should obese pts or pts with FamHx of DM be screened for gestational diabetes mellitus? _____
Answer: ASAP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: Fetal sleep is the MCC of a nonreactive nonstress test (e.g. no accelerations) _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: What is the first-line treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS)? _____
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: What are the exceptions to universal screening of GBS? 1. _____ 2. _____ Why: _____
Answer: History of GBS bacteriuria at any point during current pregnancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: To decrease risk of zika virus infection in pregnant women, _____ is recommended
Answer: avoiding travel to endemic areas
Extra:
Flashcard 155: In pregnancy, the following vaccines are contraindicated: _____ MMR(V) Live influenza Varicella
Answer: HPV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: To be diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome, patients require >_____ physical and/or behavioral clinical features
Answer: 5
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: Women < 35 yo should undergo tests for infertility if they have been trying to conceive unsuccessfully for _____; for women > 35 yo, the time period is _____
Answer: 12 months
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: - PCP (phencyclidine) - Cocaine - Cannabis in milk Are all _____ to breast feeding
Answer: contraindications
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: Pregnancy causes _____ mobility of GI system
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Routine administration of Rho (D) immune globulin for Rh-negative pregnant mothers at _____ gestation and within _____ hours postpartum
Answer: 28 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: _____ trauma during intercouse is a cause of first trimester vaginal bleeding that resolves
Answer: Cervical
Extra:
Flashcard 162: What is the first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence due to urethral hypermobility? _____
Answer: Pelvic muscle exercises (e.g. Kegel exercises)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: Combined OCPs is the treatment for Mittelschmerz _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with crampy abdominal/back pain during the first few days of menses with a normal physical examination? _____
Answer: Primary dysmenorrhea
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: When (week gestation) should you repeat the Rh (D) antibody testing for all unsensitized (D)-negative women: _____
Answer: 24- to 28-week's gestation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: What is the management of hydronephrosis during pregnancy? _____
Answer: None; it is physiologic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: What is the recommended management for patients that present in false labor (i.e. Braxton-Hicks)? _____
Answer: Expectant management
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: What is the recommended management for a pregnant patient with chronic hepatitis C infection and no immunity to hepatitis A/B? _____
Answer: Administer hepatitis A and B vaccines (prevent further liver damage)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: Benign causes of bleeding (e.g. after sex) include trauma to the _____
Answer: cervix
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: ↓ _____ production → genitourinary syndrome of menopause (atrophic vaginitis)
Answer: Estradiol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Maternal adaptations to pregnancy include a(n) _____ cardiac output
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with vulvar excoriations with thin skin, an anal fissure, and partial fusion of the labia minora? _____
Answer: Vulvar lichen sclerosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Itching and thick white "cottage cheese" vaginal discharge = _____
Answer: Candida albicans
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: Gardnerella vaginalis is characterized by a fishy smelling, _____ discharge from the vagina
Answer: grayish-white
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: When should pregnant women be screened for hepatitis B: _____
Answer: First prenantal visit
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: When wouldn't you have to repeat the Rh (D) antibody testing in unsensitized Rh (D)-negative women: _____
Answer: When biological father is Rh (D)-negative
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: What is the next best step in working up a fetus with a non-reactive NST? _____
Answer: Repeat NST after vibroacoustic stimulation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: The most common side effect of IUDs is _____
Answer: altered menstrual periods
Extra:
Flashcard 179: Is daily antibiotic suppression given to pregnant patients with suspected asymptomatic bacteriuria before urine culture? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Does Mittelschmerz pain occur during menses? _____
Answer: No It occurs during ovulation midycle during rupture of the follicular cyst
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: Hepatitis C virus is among the recommended universal prenatal screening _____
Answer: T
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Flashcard 182: What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant woman that presents with hand numbness and weakness in the thumb/index finger? _____
Answer: Carpal tunnel syndrome
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Flashcard 183: Gestational age can be calculated as # of days after the _____ day of LMP
Answer: first
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Flashcard 184: How does renal basement permeability change in pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: OCPs before menopause have an increased risk of _____ carcinoma but a decreased risk of _____ carcinoma
Answer: cervical
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Which TORCH infection(s) are routinely screened for in pregnant women during their first prenatal visit? _____
Answer: Syphilis Rubella
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Diagnosis of a rubella infection in a pregnant woman is done via _____
Answer: antibody testing
Extra:
Flashcard 188: Hormone replacement therapy is only indicated for the treatment of _____ in women age < 60 who have undergone menopause within the past 10 years
Answer: vasomotor symptoms
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: What is the fetal pole? _____
Answer: The first direct imaging manifestation of the fetus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: What is the likely diagnosis in a premenopausal woman that presents with unilateral bloody nipple discharge with no palpable breast mass or lymphadenopathy? _____
Answer: Intraductal papilloma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: What are two obstetric complications that occur when administered indomethicin tocolysis at <32 weeks gestation? _____
Answer: Oligohydramnios Premature closure of ductus arteriosus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: Pregnancies and OCPs _____ the risk of surface epithelial cancer of ovaries
Answer: decrease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Jejunal atresia: _____ → necrosis and reabsorption of the jejunum Common risk factors? _____
Answer: Vascular accident in utero
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Which cause of dysmenorrhea is a diagnosis of exclusion? _____ dysmenorrhea
Answer: Primary
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Flashcard 195: 1st trimester = conception - _____ weeks 2nd trimester = _____ to _____ weeks 3rd trimester = _____ weeks to birth
Answer: 12
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Flashcard 196: Breastfeeding interventions should be done when: _____
Answer: During pregnancy and after birth
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Flashcard 197: Mixed urinary incontinence is managed with _____
Answer: voiding diary
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Flashcard 198: When are patients screened for GBS infection? _____
Answer: 35-37 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: Is anti-D immunoglobulin given to O- patients following management of an ectopic pregnancy? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: To prevent isoimmunization, Rhogam-D is given to Rh-Ag-_____, Rh-Ab-_____ moms at _____ weeks and within _____ hours of delivery
Answer: negative
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: Lichen sclerosus involves both the vagina and vulva _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: What is the likely diagnosis in a woman with a history of a dermoid cyst that presents with colicky LLQ pain, nausea, and voluntary guarding? Pregnancy test is negative. _____
Answer: Ovarian torsion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: _____ is a mask-like hyperpigmentation of the cheeks associated with pregnancy and OCPs
Answer: Melasma (chloasma)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: What is the treatment for a pregnant woman who tested positive for chlamydia at her prenatal visit? _____
Answer: Oral azithromycin (1 gram as a single dose)
Extra:
Flashcard 205: Which of the following has vaginal tissue narrowing or clitorial tissue shrinkage? _____
Answer: Atrophic vaginitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: Gestational thrombocytopenia presents with _____
Answer: nothing :)
Extra:
Flashcard 207: A thick dividing membrane and two yolk sacs on prenatal ultrasound is indicative of a(n) _____-chorionic, _____-amniotic pregnancy
Answer: di
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: Just prior to ovulation, cervical mucus increases in quantity and becomes more _____ and penetrable by sperm
Answer: watery
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: What is the mechanism of copper IUD as a contraceptive? _____ → impairs sperm migration
Answer: Creates chronic inflammatory response in uterus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 210: What is the estimated week of gestation if the measured fundal height is at the navel? _____
Answer: 20 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: What is the recommended management for a woman with medically-managed hypothyroidism that desires to get pregnant in the near future? _____
Answer: Increase levothyroxine dose at the time pregnancy is detected
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 212: All pregnant women without contraindications should receive the _____ vaccination as soon as it becomes available
Answer: inactivated influenza
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: What is the next step in management for a pregnant woman at 32 weeks gestation that presents with decreased fetal movement? Heart tones are heard by Doppler. _____
Answer: Non-stress test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: Transient pain during ovulation is most likely _____
Answer: Mittelschmerz
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Flashcard 215: Fetal ultrasound showing a dilated fluid-filled stomach may be suggestive of _____
Answer: duodenal atresia
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Flashcard 216: What is the management for when colposcopy shows CIN II or CIN III in a pregnant patient? _____
Answer: Reevaluation with cytology and colposcopy 6 weeks after birth
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 217: _____ incontinence is characterized by leakage when there is an increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g. sneezing, lifting)
Answer: Stress
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 218: What is the next step in management for a patient with positive urine pregnancy test and serum β-hCG of 6000 mIU/mL? _____
Answer: Abdominal ultrasound during the same visit
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 219: Before starting workup for amenorrhea, order a(n) _____
Answer: UPT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 220: Fetal weight estimation should not be performed more frequently than every 2 weeks _____
Answer: T
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Flashcard 221: What is the primary mechanism of action of progestin only contraceptives (levonorgestrel IUD, progestin-only pill)? _____
Answer: Thickens cervical mucus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 222: 80% of placental transmission of rubella occurs in the _____ trimester
Answer: first
Extra:
Flashcard 223: What is the management of a pregnant patient with a positive antibody testing of parvovirus B19 < 20 weeks of gestation? _____
Answer: Reassurance
Extra:
Flashcard 224: Frequent vaginal douching to cleanse the inside of the vagina, use of soaps with perfumes, and irritating chemicals are risk factors for _____
Answer: bacterial vaginosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 225: Pregnancy and syphilis and PCN allergy is managed with _____
Answer: penicillin (patients need to be desensitized)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 226: Give Rh-Ab (+) moms Rhogam? _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 227: _____ hemorrhage is a cause of first trimester vaginal bleeding that resolves
Answer: Subchorionic
Extra:
Flashcard 228: ↓ Ovarian reserve = _____ anti-müllerian hormone
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 229: What is the OB/GYN history for a patient that is G3P1112? _____
Answer: 3 pregnancies; 1 term delivery, 1 preterm delivery, 1 abortion, 2 living children
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 230: _____ are the safest and most effective contraception
Answer: Levonorgestrel IUDs
Extra:
Flashcard 231: What type(s) of fibroids are most associated with bulk-related symptoms and irregular uterine enlargement? _____
Answer: Subserosal and pedunculated fibroids (leiomyomata)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 232: Indirect antiglobulin (Coombs) test is performed at 24-28 weeks _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 233: Breast abscess = _____ mass
Answer: fluctuant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 234: Early postcoital voiding reduces risk of UTI _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 235: Candida, gardnerella, and trichomonas cause infections of the _____
Answer: vagina
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 236: Strawberry cervix (erythematous with petechiae) = _____
Answer: trichomonas vaginalis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 237: Should RhoD immunoglobulin be given after an amniocentesis? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 238: Poor maternal weight gain is a risk factor for preterm delivery _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 239: When are women screened for gestational diabetes mellitus? _____
Answer: 24-28 weeks (end of second trimester)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 240: _____ that can cause hydrops fetalis in infant, often mom has history of day-care work or flu-like symptoms earlier in pregnancy.
Answer: Parvovirus B19
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 241: Treatment of small genital warts includes topical medications, such as _____ or _____
Answer: trichloroacetic acid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 242: Pregnancy: • Corpus luteum is responsible for producing progesterone during the first _____ weeks of gestation • Placenta takes over progesterone production around _____ weeks
Answer: 6-12
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 243: What is the likely underlying etiology of painless, irregular, heavy menses in an adolescent girl that started menstruation one year ago? _____
Answer: Immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 244: For gestational diabetes, if behavioral modifications aren't working, then use _____
Answer: insulin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 245: Whenever there is a size-date discrepancy with the fetus, its best to do a(n) _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 246: The effects of hyperemesis gravidarum are mostly to the _____
Answer: mother
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Flashcard 247: What is the next step in management for an afebrile woman with a simple breast cyst and who desires further testing? _____
Answer: Needle aspiration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 248: Miscarriage and stable vital signs can use misoprostol, surgical management, but also simply _____ management
Answer: expectant
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Flashcard 249: What is the first step in the workup of amenorrhea? _____
Answer: Pregnancy test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 250: Vaccinations recommended for all pregnant women during each pregnancy include inactivated _____ and _____
Answer: influenza
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 251: When should you repeat the Rh (D) antibody testing for all unsensitized (D)-negative women: _____
Answer: 24- to 28-week's gestation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 252: What is the recommended management for a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy that presents with lower back pain that radiates down the legs, especially with activity? Physical exam is benign. _____
Answer: Reassurance and conservative management
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 253: How does maternal insulin resistance change in pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 254: What is the most reliable form of contraception in the postpartum period? _____
Answer: Subdermal progestin-releasing implant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 255: Pregnancy dating in women with irregular periods should be confirmed with _____
Answer: first trimester ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 256: Which pelvic tumor is characterized on ultrasound by a heterogenous mass composed of small, cystic structures? _____
Answer: Hydatidiform mole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 257: Candida albicans _____ change the vaginal pH
Answer: does not
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Flashcard 258: What is the first-line treatment for genital warts during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Topical trichloroacetic acid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 259: Loss of rugation = _____ estrogen level
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 260: Candida vaginitis is more common in patients with recent _____, _____, or OCP use
Answer: corticosteroid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 261: What is the recommended contraceptive for a woman with a history of anemia and medication non-compliance? _____
Answer: Levonorgestrel IUD
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 262: What gestational age is vacuum aspiration recommended by? _____
Answer: 8 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 263: Implantation at time of _____ can cause first trimester vaginal bleeding that resolves
Answer: menses
Extra:
Flashcard 264: Which of the following vulvar pathologies is due to chronic itching and scratching? _____
Answer: Lichen simplex chronicus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 265: All women are screened during the first prenatal visit for asymptomatic bacteriuria due to risk of _____, preterm birth, and low birth weight
Answer: pyelonephritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 266: What are Braxton Hicks contractions? _____
Answer: Uterine contractions w/o cervical changes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 267: The main function of hCG during early pregnancy is to maintain the _____, which secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy
Answer: corpus luteum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 268: Pregnant women _____ be re-screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria
Answer: should
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 269: What is the pathomechanism for why multiple gestation is a risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum? _____
Answer: Elevated hCG → ↑ nausea Elevated progesterone ↑ relaxation of LES → ↑ vomiting
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 270: Why is there an increased risk of pyelonephritis during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Widened ureters (caused by progesteron) and increased glucose levels in urine → ascension of organisms to the kidney
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 271: How does coagulation change during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increased (hypercoagulable)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 272: Hormonal contraception is _____ effective in patients who are obese
Answer: less
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 273: Mini-pill is composed of only _____ and acts locally
Answer: progestin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 274: Endometriosis can lead to _____ because of disruption of pelvic anatomy
Answer: infertility
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 275: Frequent vaginal douching to cleanse the inside of the vagina = risk factor for _____
Answer: bacterial vaginosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 276: What kind of contraceptive has these mechanisms? 1. Thickens cervical mucus → impairs sperm penetration 2. Endometrial thinning → impairs implantation _____
Answer: Locally acting progestins
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 277: _____: estrogen and progestin or progestin alone to provide contraception in various methods, including pills, patches, vaginal rings, injections, and implants
Answer: Hormone contraception
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 278: What is management of gestational diabetes mellitus unresponsive to dietary modifications and exercise? _____
Answer: Insulin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 279: What cause of vaginitis is characterized by a positive amine whiff test? _____
Answer: Bacterial vaginosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 280: Hormone replacement therapy in women with an intact uterus is _____
Answer: estrogen and progestin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 281: Maternal sensitization to a fetus' Rh+ blood may be reduced using _____
Answer: Rh-immune globulin (Rhogam)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 282: A thin dividing membrane and two yolk sacs on prenatal ultrasound is indicative of a(n) _____-chorionic, _____-amniotic pregnancy
Answer: mono
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 283: What is the definitive treatment for endometriosis? _____
Answer: Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oohorectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 284: What is the recommended management for a pregnant woman with a suspected luteoma? _____
Answer: Observation and expectant management
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 285: What is the recommended treatment for atrophic vaginitis refractory to vaginal moisturizer and lubricant? _____
Answer: Topical vaginal estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 286: How much weight should a woman gain during pregnancy? Underweight: BMI < 18.5: _____ lb/week Normal: BMI 18.5-25: _____ lb/week Overweight: BMI = 25-30: _____ lb/week Morbidly obese: BMI > 30: _____ lb/week
Answer: +1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 287: What is considered the normal range of fetal heart rate? _____
Answer: 110-160/min
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-labor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 288: Pregnant woman concerned about varicella vaccination status is managed with _____
Answer: get IgG titers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 289: What is the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis? _____
Answer: Metronidazole for both partners
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 290: Doxylamine (unisom) and pyridoxine (B6) is the 1st line for nausea 2° to _____
Answer: pregnancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 291: _____ side effects may be similar to pregnancy symptoms
Answer: Medroxyprogesterone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 292: What is the initial management for mild atrophic vaginitis? _____
Answer: Vaginal moisturizer and lubricant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 293: GBS (+) and non-anaphylatic PCN allergy = _____
Answer: cefazolin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 294: Renal pelvis and ureter _____ during pregnancy occurs due to compression by the uterus and ovarian vein
Answer: dilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 295: Amniotic bands commonly constrict _____
Answer: limbs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 296: Do maternal Lewis antibodies during pregnancy pose significant risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 297: Complications of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy include _____ and preterm delivery
Answer: fetal growth restriction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 298: If father is Rh-antigen (-), do you do anything else? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 299: What are first-line treatment options for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Cephalexin Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) Nitrofurantoin Fosfomycin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 300: Some patients with a history of irregular periods may have a period of _____ following discontinuation of OCPs
Answer: amenorrhea
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 301: Frequency of checkups: Until the 28th week of pregnancy: _____ From the 28th week until the 36th week: _____ From the 36th week until birth: _____
Answer: q4w
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 302: What is the recommended amount of daily folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in low-risk pregnancies? _____
Answer: 400-800 ug
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 303: The pathophysiology of bacterial vaginosis involves decreased colonization of the vagina with _____, leading to increased pH and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria
Answer: lactobacilli
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 304: - Vaginal bleeding - Closed cervical os - Fetal cardiac activity _____
Answer: Threatened abortion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 305: What is the likely diagnosis in an obese, multiparous pregnant woman at 34 weeks gestation that presents with intermittent leakage of clear fluid and a negative nitrazine/fern test? _____
Answer: Stress urinary incontinence
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 306: At what β-hCG level can a transvaginal ultrasound detect a fetus? _____
Answer: >1500 IU/L
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 307: How should patients with hypothyroidism have their meds adjusted during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increased by 30% (immediately)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 308: _____ is the most effective group of contraception
Answer: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 309: Global growth lag is associated with which of the following forms of FGR? _____
Answer: Symmetric
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Flashcard 310: What is the recommended treatment for bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella infection)? _____
Answer: Metronidazole or clindamycin
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Flashcard 311: Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is _____ Treatment of PMS is _____
Answer: NSAIDs
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Flashcard 312: Inferior vena cava syndrome causes _____ blood pressure when supine during pregnancy
Answer: decreased
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Flashcard 313: Sertoli-Leydig tumor often has bilateral ovarian enlargement _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 314: What is the recommended treatment for a symptomatic Bartholin duct cyst? _____
Answer: Incision and drainage, followed by Word catheter placement
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Flashcard 315: What is the best next step in management of a pregnant patient with rectus abdominis diastasis? _____
Answer: Observation and reassurance
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Flashcard 316: What test is used for Rh typing and antibody screening? _____
Answer: Indirect coombs test
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Flashcard 317: Diagnosis of _____ with Amsel's criteria (3/4): thin-white discharge vaginal pH > 4.5 positive whiff-amine test clue cells on white mount
Answer: bacterial vaginosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 318: An anti-D antibody titer of 1:32 is adequate alloimmunization _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 319: What is the most accurate measurement of gestational age? _____
Answer: First trimester U/S with crown-rump length measurement
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 320: What exercise regimen is recommended for healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies? _____
Answer: 20 - 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise on most or all days of the week
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 321: What is the management for pregnant patients with enterobius vermicularis infection? _____
Answer: Supportive therapy
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Flashcard 322: What is the next step in the management of a pregnant woman who has an active toxoplasmosis infection? _____
Answer: Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine + leucovorin
Extra:
Flashcard 323: What is the likely diagnosis in a woman that experiences mood swings, fatigue, bloating, and hot flashes one week prior to menstruation? The symptoms resolve with menses. _____
Answer: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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Flashcard 324: Head circumference is the most accurate method of determining gestational age _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 325: Fetal accelerations are _____
Answer: good
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Flashcard 326: Most important modifiable behavioral risk factor for preterm labor and birth = _____
Answer: smoking
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Flashcard 327: What are the target 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus? _____
Answer: < 140 and < 120 mg/dL, respectively
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 328: When and where does a galactocele present? _____
Answer: After cessation of breastfeeding; subareolar
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Flashcard 329: What is the likely diagnosis in a sexually active woman that presents with postcoital bleeding and mucopurulent discharge with a friable cervix on pelvic examination? _____
Answer: Acute cervicitis
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Flashcard 330: Are there any interventions to reduce vertical transmission of hepatitis C? _____
Answer: No
Extra:
Flashcard 331: Multiparous, post-menopausal woman and white/green/bloody nipple discharge + mass below nipple = _____
Answer: mammary duct ectasia
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Flashcard 332: When a woman presents with secondary amenorrhea, what are the three "first-line" differentials you should have in your head? _____ _____ _____
Answer: Pregnancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 333: What constitutes a reactive nonstress test (NST)? _____
Answer: 2 FHR accelerations in 20 minutes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 334: Supplementation with _____ has been shown to improve premenstrual syndrome
Answer: Ca2+
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Flashcard 335: Pregnant women with a history of genital HSV infection should receive prophylactic acyclovir or valacyclovir beginning at _____ weeks of pregnancy
Answer: 36
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/prenatal-infections-2/acquire?ref=anki reduces risk of an outbreak around the time of delivery, thus decreasing the risk of cesarean delivery
Flashcard 336: How do you manage pyelonephritis in pregnancy? Treat: IV _____ If refractory: _____
Answer: ceftriaxone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 337: Breastfeeding should be suspended only if what occurs? _____
Answer: Nipple area is actively bleeding
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Flashcard 338: Which form of contraception offers significant protection against ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, iron-deficiency anemia, PID, and fibrocystic breast disease? _____
Answer: Combined OCPs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 339: Treatment of infertility due to inhospitable mucous is _____
Answer: estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 340: What is the recommended treatment for acute cervicitis? _____
Answer: Azithromycin Ceftriaxone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 341: All pregnant patients receive HSV prophylaxis beginning at 36 weeks of gestation _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/prenatal-infections-2/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 342: An acceleration in the nonstress test of a fetus > 32 weeks is considered adequate if there is a(n) _____ bpm rise in HR sustained for _____ seconds, occurring _____ in _____ minutes
Answer: 15
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 343: What is the next line in the management of a patient with a short cervix on TVUS and no previous history of preterm labor? _____
Answer: Progesterone
Extra:
Flashcard 344: Menses typically return to normal after _____ months of cessation of OCPs
Answer: 1-3
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Flashcard 345: Stable patient with β-hCG < 1500 and transvaginal ultrasound is indeterminate; what is the next step? _____
Answer: Repeat serum β-hCG in 2 days; if > 1500 then repeat TVUS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 346: What is the initial test/imaging study for a women age < 30 with a persistent palpable breast mass? _____
Answer: Ultrasound
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Flashcard 347: There is uterine enlargement with endometrial polyps _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 348: What microscopy finding is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella infection)? _____
Answer: Clue cells (epithelial cells coated with bacteria)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 349: The _____ becomes hypervascular in pregnancy
Answer: cervix
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Flashcard 350: When should Rh (D) blood typing and antibody testing for all pregnant women be done: _____
Answer: First visit
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 351: When should women take daily supplement of folic acid (range): _____
Answer: If they are capable of becoming pregnant, then they need to supplement
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Flashcard 352: Soft, mobile, nontender cystic mass palpated behind the posterior labia majora is suggestive of _____
Answer: bartholin gland cyst
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Flashcard 353: What is the treatment for anovulatory bleeding? _____
Answer: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) or OCPs
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Flashcard 354: Ureteral compression occurs in pregnancy from uterine _____ and decreased ureteral _____
Answer: enlargement
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Flashcard 355: What is the next step in management for a healthy pregnant woman at 37 weeks gestation that desires a vaginal delivery? Ultrasound reveals the fetus is in a frank breech presentation. _____
Answer: External cephalic version
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-labor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 356: Which hormone affects respiration in pregnancy? _____
Answer: Progesterone (increases tidal volume)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 357: What are the two mechanisms of locally-active progestins as a contraceptive? - _____ → impairs sperm penetration - _____ → impairs implantation
Answer: Thickens cervical mucus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 358: White, odorless mucoid cervical discharge that increases midcycle due to ↑ estrogen levels and without inflammation/infection is suggestive of _____
Answer: physiologic leukorrhea
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Flashcard 359: Pregnancy and suspected appendicitis but (-) ultrasound findings is managed with _____
Answer: MRI
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Flashcard 360: Intrauterine pregnancy will _____ β-HCG every 2 days
Answer: double
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Flashcard 361: Treatment for stress incontinence includes strengthening _____ muscles (e.g. Kegels)
Answer: pelvic floor/external sphincter
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 362: Most fibroids are _____
Answer: asymptomatic
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Flashcard 363: What is the best next step in management of a patient at term gestation w/ mild, asymptomatic polyhydramnios? _____ What would be management of a patient w/ polyhydramnios at preterm gestation? _____
Answer: Expectant management
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 364: 24-hour urine collection for total protein is done at the initial prenatal visit _____
Answer: T
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Flashcard 365: What is the normal amount of weight gain during pregnancy for a woman with normal BMI? _____
Answer: 25 - 35 lbs total
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 366: What test is used to determine the dose of anti-D immune globulin after a procedure or delivery (or if a higher dose is needed)? _____
Answer: Kleihauer-Betke test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 367: What is the only IUD that can increase bleeding? _____
Answer: Paraguard (copper IUD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 368: A pregnant woman is treated for chlamydia & neisseria. When is the test of cure done? _____
Answer: Two weeks after treatment
Extra:
Flashcard 369: The size/tenderness of fibroadenomas and breast cysts increase with exposure to _____
Answer: estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 370: What is the normal range of Urine: Estriol, total (in pregnancy: 30 weeks)?
Answer: From 6 to 18 mg/24 hr
Flashcard 371: What is the normal range of Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy 36-40 weeks)?
Answer: From 80 to 350 ng/mL
Flashcard 372: What is the normal range of Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy 24-28 weeks)?
Answer: From 30 to 170 ng/mL
Flashcard 373: What is the normal range of Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy 28-32 weeks)?
Answer: From 40 to 220 ng/mL
Flashcard 374: What is the normal range of Urine: Estriol, total (in pregnancy: 35 weeks)?
Answer: From 9 to 28 mg/24 hr
Flashcard 375: Esophageal atresia with distal TEF presents with _____ in utero
Answer: polyhydramniosis
Flashcard 376: What are the most common causes (2) of iron deficiency in female adults (20-50 years old)? _____
Answer: Menorrhagia or pregnancy
Flashcard 377: _____ vaginalis presents with itching and burning
Answer: Trichomonas
Flashcard 378: Which trimester is associated with the highest risk of congenital CMV?_____
Answer: 2nd trimester*
Flashcard 379: Urethral hypermobility can lead to _____ incontinence
Answer: stress
Flashcard 380: Vaginitis that presents with itching, copious secretion, and cottage cheese appearing clumps are signs of _____
Answer: vaginal candidiasis
Flashcard 381: HSV-_____ is usually confined to the lower half of the body
Answer: 2
Flashcard 382: What is the most common symptom of leiomyoma (fibroids)?_____
Answer: Nothing (asymptomatic)
Flashcard 383: Congenital CMV occurs with infection during the _____ trimester
Answer: second
Flashcard 384: On which days following fertilization does implantation occur?_____
Answer: 6-10
Flashcard 385: Will ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn occur on the first pregnancy?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 386: Cervicitis classically presents with _____
Answer: no symptoms
Flashcard 387: _____ age of a fetus is calculated from date of conception (gestational age minus 2 weeks)
Answer: Embryonic
Flashcard 388: One test for fetal _____ maturity is the foam stability index test
Answer: lung
Flashcard 389: How does blood pressure change during early pregnancy?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 390: During the second and third trimesters, progesterone is produced by the _____, using cholesterol from the mother
Answer: placenta
Flashcard 391: The first line treatment for stress incontinence includes strengthening _____ muscles (e.g. Kegels)
Answer: pelvic floor
Flashcard 392: Which -blocker is used to treat hypertension during pregnancy (aka gestational hypertension)? _____
Answer: Labetalol
Flashcard 393: During pregnancy, breast lobules undergo _____
Answer: hyperplasia
Flashcard 394: What lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio is indicative of adequate surfactant production?_____
Answer: > 2
Flashcard 395: The primary abnormality in Potter sequence is _____-hydramnios
Answer: oligo
Flashcard 396: What is the most effective emergency contraception?_____
Answer: Copper intrauterine device
Flashcard 397: _____ twins arise from 1 fertilized egg (1 egg + 1 sperm) that splits in early pregnancy
Answer: Monozygotic (identical)
Flashcard 398: Culture of vagina at 35 wks gestation is done to indentify those who require intrapartum _____ prophylaxis of S. agalactiae
Answer: penicillin/ampicillin
Flashcard 399: _____ is a type of Condyloma that is caused by HPV, typically types 6 and 11.
Answer: Condyloma Acuminatum
Flashcard 400: At what week does the genitalia of a developing fetus begin to show male/female characteristics?_____
Answer: Week 10
Flashcard 401: _____ mastitis is inflammation of subareolar ducts
Answer: Periductal
Flashcard 402: What is the result of pregnancy on a T3 resin uptake test?_____
Answer: Resin uptake is decreased
Flashcard 403: During pregnancy, a woman may experience intermittent sharp pain due to sudden movements of the stretching _____ ligament
Answer: round
Flashcard 404: During pregnancy, there is a _____-fold increase in estradiol and estrone
Answer: 50
Flashcard 405: When grading a females obstetrical status using GTPAL, what does P represent?_____
Answer: pre-term deliveries (the total # of deliveries after 20 weeks, but before 37 weeks)
Flashcard 406: Hemorrhage into a corpus luteum can result in a _____, especially during early pregnancy
Answer: hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst
Flashcard 407: Fertilization must occur within _____ day(s) of ovulation
Answer: one
Flashcard 408: In the developing fetus, surfactant synthesis begins as early as gestastional week _____
Answer: 20
Flashcard 409: Pregnant women are at risk of _____ transfer of toxoplasmosis
Answer: trans-placental
Flashcard 410: _____ cyst is the most common ovarian mass in young women
Answer: Follicular
Flashcard 411: Renal agenesis is often diagnosed prenatally via _____
Answer: ultrasound
Flashcard 412: During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the _____ begins to develop
Answer: corpus luteum
Flashcard 413: Typically, on which day post fertilization do hCG levels rise to detectable levels in serum?_____
Answer: 8
Flashcard 414: In mid-to-late pregnancy (second and third trimester), the source of steroid hormones is the _____
Answer: placenta
Flashcard 415: What non-pathologic state is commonly associated with glucosuria? _____
Answer: Pregnancy
Flashcard 416: What is the mechanism of action of copper intrauterine devices? _____
Answer: Local inflammatory response
Flashcard 417: During the immediate / early postpartum period after delivering an Rh+ fetus, must Rh- mothers be given anti-D Ig?_____
Answer: yes
Flashcard 418: In which week of embryogenesis is fetal cardiac activity detectable by transvaginal ultrasound? _____
Answer: Week 6
Flashcard 419: What range of weeks is considered a term gestation?_____
Answer: 37-42 weeks
Flashcard 420: Vitamin _____ excess during pregnancy poses an extremely high risk for spontaneous abortion
Answer: A
Flashcard 421: _____ vaginalis presents with a gray discharge (color)
Answer: Gardnerella
Flashcard 422: Which strain of Streptococcus can bepassed to the baby via vaginal delivery?_____
Answer: GBS (Streptococcus agalactiae)
Flashcard 423: _____ is the presence of too little amniotic fluid and may be associated with placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, and posterior urethral valves (inability to excrete urine)
Answer: Oligohydramniosis
Flashcard 424: Around which weeks of pregnancy do the levels of hCG peak?_____
Answer: weeks 8-10
Flashcard 425: _____ vaginalis presents with a fishy smell
Answer: Gardnerella
Flashcard 426: A _____ cyst is a distention of an unruptured graafian follicle
Answer: follicular
Flashcard 427: During pregnancy, the size of the pituitary gland _____, but blood supply does not increase significantly
Answer: doubles
Flashcard 428: _____ vaginalis presents no itching or burning
Answer: Gardnerella
Flashcard 429: What lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio is indicative of a mature fetal lung? _____
Answer: lecithin:shingomyelin > 2
Flashcard 430: During the luteal phase of menstruation, cervical mucus becomes more _____ and less penetrable by sperm
Answer: thick (less watery)
Flashcard 431: _____ is a hormone produced throughout pregnancy and has actions similar to those of growth hormone and prolactin
Answer: Human placental lactogen (HPL)
Flashcard 432: What urogenital disorder is associated with low-risk HPV subtypes?_____
Answer: Condylomas/warts
Flashcard 433: _____ transmission is the passage of a pathogen from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth
Answer: Vertical
Flashcard 434: What demographic is most commonly associated with Bartholin cysts? _____
Answer: Women of reproductive age
Flashcard 435: Menopause is diagnosed by amenorrhea for at least _____ months
Answer: 12
Flashcard 436: What kind of discharge is seen with Gonorrhea? _____
Answer: Creamy, white, purulent discharge
Flashcard 437: What treatment may be used to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome before birth? _____
Answer: Maternal steroids
Flashcard 438: In the developing fetus, mature levels of surfactant are not achieved until around week _____
Answer: 35
Flashcard 439: During pregnancy, there is a _____-fold increase in estriol, which is an indicator of fetal well-being
Answer: 1000
Flashcard 440: If fertilization occurs, the residual elements of the ruptured ovarian follicle form the _____, which synthesizes and secretes steroid hormones
Answer: corpus luteum
Flashcard 441: Gardnerella vaginalis is said to have a _____ odor
Answer: fishy
Flashcard 442: By convention, day 0 of the menstrual cycle marks the _____
Answer: onset of menses
Flashcard 443: Treatment for stress incontinence may include _____ and pessaries
Answer: weight loss
Flashcard 444: Accessory nipples are typically asymptomatic but may swell or become tender during times of _____ fluctuation
Answer: hormonal
Flashcard 445: What is the result of 50% increased plasma volume versus 30% increased RBC volume during pregnancy?_____
Answer: anemia (decreases viscosity to reduce postpartum bleeding)
Flashcard 446: The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the _____ phase, which lasts from days 0 to 14
Answer: follicular (proliferative)
Flashcard 447: In which weeks of embryogenesis can ultrasound identify gender of the baby?_____
Answer: Weeks 15-20
Flashcard 448: Supine hypotension syndrome occurs when a pregnant woman lies on her back, and is due to the gravid uterus compressing the _____
Answer: inferior vena cava
Flashcard 449: What is the most common germ cell tumor in females?_____
Answer: Cystic teratoma
Flashcard 450: The receptivity of the endometrium to the fertilized ovum is critically dependent on a _____ estrogen/progesterone ratio
Answer: low
Flashcard 451: What is the treatment (2) of vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy?_____
Answer: Clotrimazole, Miconazole
Flashcard 452: What non-pathologic state is associated with increased risk for pyelonephritis? _____
Answer: Pregnancy
Flashcard 453: How does plasma volume and RBC volume change during pregnancy?_____
Answer: Plasma volume increases by 50%RBC volume increases by 30%
Flashcard 454: In early pregnancy (first trimester), the source of steroid hormones is the _____
Answer: corpus luteum
Flashcard 455: Duodenal atresia presents with _____ in utero
Answer: polyhydramnios
Flashcard 456: _____ vaginalis presents with a foul smell
Answer: Trichomonas
Flashcard 457: What is the treatment of choice for a pregnant woman with hyperthyroidism in the second/third trimester?_____
Answer: Methimazole
Flashcard 458: What is a possible adverse effect associated with performing chorionic villus sampling before 9 weeks? _____
Answer: limb defects
Flashcard 459: The dominant hormone produced during the first trimester of pregnancy is _____
Answer: hCG
Flashcard 460: Size and tenderness of a fibroadenoma of the breast increases with exposure to _____
Answer: estrogen
Flashcard 461: Variation in menstrual cycle length is attributed to the variability in duration of the _____ phase
Answer: follicular
Flashcard 462: What form of estrogen is produced in the placenta?_____
Answer: Estriol
Flashcard 463: What is most commonly the effect of teratogens during the first two weeks of gestation?_____
Answer: spontaneous abortion
Flashcard 464: Should you screen universally for substance abuse in pregnant patients?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 465: In areas with prenatal care, hydatidiform mole is diagnosed by routine _____ early in the first trimester
Answer: ultrasound
Flashcard 466: _____ age of a fetus is calculated from date of last menstrual period
Answer: Gestational
Flashcard 467: Gestational diabetes is the onset of _____ insulin resistance during pregnancy
Answer: maternal
Keywords: Prenatal Care flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Routine prenatal visit schedule
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Nutrition in pregnancy
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Weight gain recommendations
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Exercise in pregnancy
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Medication safety in pregnancy
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Immunizations in pregnancy
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Management of common pregnancy complaints
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Fetal growth assessment
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Fetal movement monitoring
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Antepartum fetal surveillance (NST, BPP)
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Anemia in pregnancy
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Travel during pregnancy
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Patient education topics
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