Antepartum fetal surveillance (NST, BPP) — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which trimester is associated with the highest risk of vertical transmission of CMV?

Answer: 3rd trimester

Extra: The risk of vertical transmission increases with gestational age (highest in the 3rd trimester). Conversely, the risk of **severe fetal sequelae** (e.g., intracranial calcifications, hearing loss) is highest when infection occurs in the **1st trimester**.

Flashcard 2: In which week of gestation is fetal cardiac activity typically detectable by transvaginal ultrasound?

Answer: 6 weeks

Extra: Fetal cardiac activity is typically visible on transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) by 5.5 to 6 weeks of gestation (calculated from LMP). It is visible on transabdominal ultrasound (TAS) by 7 to 8 weeks.

Flashcard 3: In the developing fetus, mature levels of surfactant are not achieved until around week _____

Answer: 35

Flashcard 4: One test for fetal _____ maturity is the foam stability index test

Answer: lung

Flashcard 5: In areas with prenatal care, hydatidiform mole is diagnosed by routine _____ early in the first trimester

Answer: ultrasound

Flashcard 6: _____ and progesterone are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women (with an intact uterus) to avoid an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

Answer: Estrogen

Flashcard 7: Define spermatocele.

Answer: Cystic dilation of the epididymal duct containing sperm.

Extra: Clinical features: Typically presents as a painless, transilluminating mass superior to the testicle. Unlike a hydrocele, a spermatocele is distinct from the testis.

Flashcard 8: The umbilical vein carries _____ blood from the _____ to the _____.

Answer: oxygenated

Flashcard 9: There are _____ umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein in a normal umbilical cord.

Answer: 2

Flashcard 10: Identify the fluid-filled space surrounding the fetus (labeled 11 in the image):

Answer: amniotic fluid