Parasites/Fungi US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Parasites/Fungi with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Parasites/Fungi Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: What is the characteristic presentation of invasive aspergillosis?
Answer: Invasive growth in lungs, hematogenous spread to other organs (e.g., brain abscesses)
Extra: Occurs in severely immunocompromised patients (e.g., neutropenia, CGD). Imaging shows 'Halo sign' (ground-glass opacity around a nodule). Diagnostic tests include Galactomannan assay and Beta-D-glucan. Treatment: Voriconazole.
Flashcard 22: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is most commonly associated with which two conditions?
Answer: Hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus in patients with Asthma or Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Extra: Characterized by: High IgE, eosinophilia, and bronchiectasis. Typically seen in long-standing asthma or CF.
Flashcard 23: What is the treatment for African sleeping sickness?
Answer: Suramin (early/blood stage) or Melarsoprol (late/CNS stage)
Extra: African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the Tsetse fly. Suramin is used for early stage (hemolymphatic), while Melarsoprol is used for late stage (CNS involvement). Nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) is also commonly used for T. b. gambiense.
Flashcard 24: What is the characteristic appearance of Babesia on a peripheral blood smear?
Answer: Maltese cross appearance (on blood smear) :: characteristic finding
Extra: Babesiosis is caused by Babesia microti, transmitted by the Ixodes tick. It is endemic in the Northeastern US. Diagnosis is made via Giemsa-stained thin blood smear showing ring forms or the pathognomonic Maltese cross.
Flashcard 25: What are the causative agents of Malaria?
Answer: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi
Extra: Symptoms: Cyclic fevers, headache, anemia, splenomegaly.
Treatment: Chloroquine (if sensitive), ACTs; IV Artesunate for severe malaria (WHO gold standard).
P. vivax/ovale require Primaquine for hypnozoites.
Flashcard 26: Plasmodium spp.
Answer:
Extra: blood smear malaria Anopheles mosquito
Flashcard 27: Causative agent of congenital toxoplasmosis:
Answer: Toxoplasma gondii
Extra: In newborn: Sabin triad (Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications)
Flashcard 28: What are the primary modes of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?
Answer: Cysts in meat (most common), oocysts in cat feces, or transplacental transfer.
Extra: Diagnosis involves serology or biopsy showing tachyzoites or pseudocysts. Congenital toxoplasmosis triad: Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, and Intracranial calcifications.
Flashcard 29: Cryptosporidium parvum: Clinical features and treatment
Answer: - Found in: Water (cysts)
- Clinical: Severe watery diarrhea in immunocompromised (AIDS), mild in immunocompetent.
- Treatment: Nitazoxanide (in immunocompetent).
Extra: Cryptosporidium parvum is an acid-fast oocyst. It is a major cause of diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients when CD4 count is low. Transmission is usually fecal-oral (contaminated water).
Flashcard 30: Giardiasis (causal agent)
Answer: Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis) :: Causative agent?
Extra: Clinical Features: Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, non-bloody fatty diarrhea (steatorrhea).
Diagnosis: Trophozoites or cysts in stool; O&P exam.
Treatment: Metronidazole, Tinidazole.
Risk: Drinking unpurified water while hiking/camping.
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