Dermatophytes — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which fungus has a "spaghetti and meatball" appearance on KOH prep?_____

Answer: Malassezia furfur

Flashcard 2: _____ produces melanocyte damaging acids (Azelaic acid) via lipid degradation

Answer: Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) (Which fungus)

Flashcard 3: _____ is used to prep oral scrapings when attempting to diagnose oral candidiasis

Answer: KOH

Flashcard 4: _____ is an opportunistic fungal infection that presents with rhinocerebral and frontal lobe abscesses.

Answer: Mucormycosis

Flashcard 5: Tinea is commonly referred to as '_____''

Answer: ringworm

Flashcard 6: Clinical presentation and treatment of Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworm) infection?

Answer: Intestinal infection causing iron deficiency anemia; treated with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate.

Extra: Transmission: Larvae (filariform) penetrate the skin (usually through bare feet). Diagnosis: Eggs in stool. Pathogenesis: Hookworms suck blood from the intestinal wall.

Flashcard 7: Common name for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer: Guinea worm

Extra: Transmission: Drinking water containing copepods (water fleas) with L3 larvae. Clinical: Skin inflammation and ulceration (usually on lower limbs). Treatment: Slow physical extraction of the worm by winding it around a stick.

Flashcard 8: What are the key clinical features and treatment associated with Onchocerca volvulus?

Answer: River blindness, Ivermectin, Female blackfly bite

Extra: - Disease: River blindness (Onchocerciasis) - Vector: Female blackfly (Simulium) - Treatment: Ivermectin (Mnemonic: Iver-mectin for River blindness) - Clinical: Skin nodules, pruritic dermatitis, and blindness due to microfilariae in the eye.

Flashcard 9: Loa loa is also known as?

Answer: African eye worm (Loiasis)

Extra: • Transmission: Chrysops (deer fly, horse fly, mango fly) • Clinical features: Calabar swellings (subcutaneous edema), worm in conjunctiva • Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Flashcard 10: What condition is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

Answer: Elephantiasis (Lymphatic filariasis) diagnosed via nighttime blood smear; Rx with Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Extra: Vector: Female Culex mosquito (primarily). Symptoms: Lymphedema, elephantiasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Diagnosis: Microfilariae in peripheral blood (nocturnal periodicity).