Filarial nematodes US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Filarial nematodes with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Filarial nematodes Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Which fungus has a "spaghetti and meatball" appearance on KOH prep?_____
Answer: Malassezia furfur
Flashcard 2: _____ produces melanocyte damaging acids (Azelaic acid) via lipid degradation
Answer: Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) (Which fungus)
Flashcard 3: _____ is an opportunistic fungal infection that presents with rhinocerebral and frontal lobe abscesses.
Answer: Mucormycosis
Flashcard 4: Clinical presentation and treatment of Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworm) infection?
Answer: Intestinal infection causing iron deficiency anemia; treated with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate.
Extra: Transmission: Larvae (filariform) penetrate the skin (usually through bare feet). Diagnosis: Eggs in stool. Pathogenesis: Hookworms suck blood from the intestinal wall.
Flashcard 5: Common name for Dracunculus medinensis?
Answer: Guinea worm
Extra: Transmission: Drinking water containing copepods (water fleas) with L3 larvae.
Clinical: Skin inflammation and ulceration (usually on lower limbs).
Treatment: Slow physical extraction of the worm by winding it around a stick.
Flashcard 6: What are the key clinical features and treatment associated with Onchocerca volvulus?
Answer: River blindness, Ivermectin, Female blackfly bite
Extra: - Disease: River blindness (Onchocerciasis)
- Vector: Female blackfly (Simulium)
- Treatment: Ivermectin (Mnemonic: Iver-mectin for River blindness)
- Clinical: Skin nodules, pruritic dermatitis, and blindness due to microfilariae in the eye.
Flashcard 7: Loa loa is also known as?
Answer: African eye worm (Loiasis)
Extra: • Transmission: Chrysops (deer fly, horse fly, mango fly)
• Clinical features: Calabar swellings (subcutaneous edema), worm in conjunctiva
• Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Flashcard 8: What condition is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?
Answer: Elephantiasis (Lymphatic filariasis) diagnosed via nighttime blood smear; Rx with Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Extra: Vector: Female Culex mosquito (primarily). Symptoms: Lymphedema, elephantiasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Diagnosis: Microfilariae in peripheral blood (nocturnal periodicity).
Flashcard 9: What is the primary clinical manifestation of <i>Toxocara canis</i> infection in humans?
Answer: Visceral larva migrans (VLM) / Ocular larva migrans (OLM)
Extra: <b>Definitive host:</b> Dogs (humans are incidental hosts)<br><b>Transmission:</b> Ingestion of soil or food contaminated with eggs<br><b>Treatment:</b> Albendazole or Mebendazole
Flashcard 10: Key features of Leishmania donovani (Vector, Reservoir, Infective/Diagnostic stages)
Answer: Vector: Sandfly (Phlebotomus)
Reservoir: Humans (Indian), Dogs (Mediterranean)
Infective stage: Promastigote
Diagnostic stage: Amastigote (LD bodies)
Extra: Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar). It is characterized by the pentad of: fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy, and hypergammaglobulinemia.
Treatment: Liposomal Amphotericin B (DOC), Miltefosine.
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