Gram-negative — Flashcards

Gram-negative US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Gram-negative with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Gram-negative Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards

Flashcard 1: What are the common reservoirs and the vector for Yersinia pestis?

Answer: Reservoirs: Rats and prairie dogs; Vector: Fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis)

Extra: Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus showing bipolar staining (safety-pin appearance). It causes the plague. \nReservoirs in the US: Prairie dogs. \nVector: Rat flea.

Flashcard 2: What disease is caused by Rickettsia typhi?

Answer: Endemic typhus (Murine typhus) :: vector?

Extra: Vector: Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)

Flashcard 3: Name the disease caused by Francisella tularensis.

Answer: Tularemia

Extra: Reservoir: Rabbits Vector: Ticks, deer flies Route: Dermally via bite or handling infected carcass; also inhalation (potential bioterrorism agent).

Flashcard 4: What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetii?

Answer: Q fever

Extra: Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium. Its primary reservoirs are cattle, sheep, and goats. It is transmitted via inhalation of contaminated aerosols from birthing products (amniotic fluid, placenta).

Flashcard 5: What disease is caused by Brucella spp. and what is its most common mode of transmission?

Answer: Brucellosis; Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (e.g., goat milk, cheese)

Extra: Brucella is a Gram-negative aerobic coccobacillus. It is a facultative intracellular organism that survives in macrophages. Clinical features include undulant fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.

Flashcard 6: Characteristics and clinical presentation of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer: Gram-negative coccobacilli; causes mesenteric adenitis (pseudoappendicitis), enterocolitis.

Extra: Transmission: Pet feces (e.g., puppies), contaminated milk, or pork. Clinical: Can mimic Crohn's disease or appendicitis (mesenteric adenitis). Key feature: Cold enrichment (grows at 4°C).

Flashcard 7: What is the causative agent of Cholera?

Answer: Vibrio cholerae

Extra: Profuse \"rice-water\" diarrhea. Treatment: Oral or IV rehydration. Mechanism: Cholera toxin (choleragen) increases cAMP, leading to secretion of Cl- and H2O into the gut lumen.

Flashcard 8: What is the characteristic shape and preferred growth media (pH) for Vibrio cholerae?

Answer: Comma-shaped; Alkaline media (pH 8.5–9.5)

Extra: Vibrio cholerae characteristics: - Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacilli - Highly motile (darting motility) - Oxidase positive - Grows on alkaline media like TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose) agar - Causes Cholera (rice-water stools)

Flashcard 9: typhoid fever

Answer: Salmonella enterica serovar typhi

Extra: rose spots on abdomen, fever, headache, diarrheapatient can become long-term carrier

Flashcard 10: What disease is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi?

Answer: Typhoid fever (Enteric fever)

Extra: Salmonella Typhi is a Gram-negative bacillus. It is the causative agent of typhoid fever, characterized by high fever, rose spots, and abdominal pain. Transmission is via the fecal-oral route.

Keywords: Gram-negative flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards

Study by Chapter

Neisseria species (meningitidis, gonorrhoeae)

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Escherichia coli

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Klebsiella species

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Proteus species

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Haemophilus influenzae

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Bordetella pertussis

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Legionella pneumophila

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Bacteroides and anaerobic gram-negatives

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Helicobacter pylori

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Campylobacter jejuni

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Vibrio species

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ESBL and CRE pathogens

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About Gram-negative Flashcards for USMLE

These Gram-negative flashcards are designed for USMLE Microbiology preparation, using active recall to help you retain high-yield concepts, clinical correlations, and commonly tested facts. Each card prompts you to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing notes, which research shows leads to significantly better exam performance.

The 285 cards in this deck cover the most important topics in Gram-negative, including key mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and clinical pearls that frequently appear in USMLE examinations. Cards are organised by chapter so you can focus on specific areas or work through the entire topic systematically.

For personalised spaced repetition scheduling that adapts to your performance, unlimited flashcards, and detailed progress analytics, download the Oncourse app.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Gram-negative flashcards free on Oncourse?

Yes, completely free. You can study all 285 Gram-negative flashcards on this page at no cost. For spaced repetition scheduling and progress tracking, download the Oncourse app.

How do flashcards help with USMLE preparation?

Flashcards use active recall — instead of passively re-reading notes, you retrieve information from memory. Research shows this builds stronger, longer-lasting memories and is one of the most effective study strategies for medical exams like USMLE.

How many Gram-negative flashcards are available?

There are currently 285 flashcards for Gram-negative under Microbiology, organised by chapter. New cards are added regularly to cover the latest USMLE syllabus.

Can I study Gram-negative flashcards by chapter?

Yes. The flashcards are organised by chapter so you can focus on specific areas or work through the entire topic systematically. Scroll down to the "Study by Chapter" section to pick a chapter.

What topics do these Microbiology flashcards cover?

The cards cover high-yield concepts, clinical correlations, diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and commonly tested facts from Gram-negative. They mirror the depth and style of USMLE questions.

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