Bacteria US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Bacteria with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Bacteria Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 331: Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are associated with consumption of _____
Answer: contaminated seafood
Extra:
Watch Vibrio spp. [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-vibrio-spp?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/acute-diarrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 332: _____ describes the transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another via a bacteriophage
Answer: Transduction
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/bacterial-genetics/acquire?ref=anki
Transduction (bacterial genetics)
Bacterial transduction is the process of gene transfer between bacteria via bacteriophages.
Top panel: generalized transduction (lytic cycle via virulent phages)
A bacteriophage attaches itself to the bacterial cell wall and injects its DNA into the bacterium. The viral DNA replicates within the infected bacterium and is incorporated into protein shells (phage capsids) to form numerous bacteriophages. The new bacteriophages lyse the bacterial cell wall and are released to infect other bacteria in the surrounding environment. A section of the bacterial genome may be incorporated into a viral capsid and be transferred to another bacterium, forming a recombinant bacterium. As any portion of the bacterial genome may be transferred, in a process known as generalized transduction.
Bottom panel: specialized transduction (lysogenic and lytic cycle via temperate phages)
Once the bacteriophage has injected its DNA into the bacterium, the viral DNA is incorporated into the bacterial genome at a specific location and remains inactive as a prophage (lysogenic phase). Upon activation (e.g. with heat or UV radiation), the viral DNA replicates, is incorporated into phage capsids, and is released into the surrounding environment through lysing of the host bacterial cell wall (lytic phase). During this process, the bacterial DNA flanking the viral DNA is also incorporated into the viral capsid and transferred to another bacterium, forming a recombinant bacterium. Because a specific portion of the bacterial genome is being transferred, the process is known as specialized transduction.
The panel on the right summarizes the major difference between generalized and specialized transduction.
Flashcard 333: Bacillus anthracis and cereus are gram-_____ bacilli (rods)
Answer: positive
Extra:
Watch Bacillus anthracis & cereus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-bacillus-anthracis-and-cereus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 334: Vibrio cholerae grows on _____ media, as it prefers _____ environments
Answer: alkaline
Extra:
Watch Vibrio spp. [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-vibrio-spp?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 335: Which bacteria produces red pigments?
_____
Answer: Serratia
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 336: Indirect transmission of Francisella tularensis results from bite by _____ or deerfly
Answer: dermacentor tick
Extra:
Watch Francisella tularensis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-francisella-tularensis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 337: The _____ hemolysis pattern on blood agar is present with full lysis of RBCs
Answer: beta
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/microbiology/videos/fundamentals-of-bacteriology?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 338: Rickettsia prowazekii can cause _____, characterized by dizziness and confusion
Answer: encephalitis
Extra:
Watch Rickettsia prowazekii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-prowazekii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 339: Chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi carry the infection in their _____
Answer: gallbladder
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 340: Intracellular bacterial proliferation of *M. tuberculosis* occurs during the first _____ weeks after exposure.
Answer: 3
Extra: After approximately 3 weeks, the development of a cell-mediated (Th1) response and IFN-γ production leads to macrophage activation and granuloma formation, which contains the infection. This also coincides with a positive PPD (tuberculin) skin test.
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