Liver disease — Flashcards
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Meigs' syndrome
What conditions are associated with myoclonus?
hepatic encephalopathy (ammonia intoxication)
_____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated pharmacologically
Hint: Entamoeba histolytica or Echinococcus
Hepatitis A infection symptoms typically last _____
Hepatitis B infection What does the presence of anti-HBs only indicate? _____
Aspiration pneumonia is commonly seen in alcoholics and _____ patients
What is a late complication associated with biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC)? _____
Lichen planus is an inflammatory dermatitis associated with chronic _____ infection
What cutaneous complication arises with HAV infection? _____
Liver disease US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Liver disease with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Liver disease Flashcard Deck - 584 Cards
Flashcard 1: Meigs' syndrome
Answer:
Extra: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
Flashcard 2: What conditions are associated with myoclonus?
Answer: metabolic abnormalities e.g. renal or liver failure
Flashcard 3: hepatic encephalopathy (ammonia intoxication)
Answer: acquired (liver failure) or hereditary (enzyme deficiency)
Extra: excess NH4+ in blood and inhibition of TCA cycle asterixis, slurred speech, blurred vision, somnolence, vomiting, cerebral edema limit protein in diet, benzoate or phenylbutyrate, lactulose
Flashcard 4: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated pharmacologically
Answer: Entamoeba histolytica
Extra: Watch Entamoeba histolytica [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-intestinal-tract-entamoeba-histolytica?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: Hepatitis A infection symptoms typically last _____
Answer: 1 month
Extra: Watch Hepatitis A virus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-hepatitis-a-virus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Hepatitis B infection What does the presence of anti-HBs only indicate? _____
Answer: Vaccination
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki HBsAg: Negative Anti-HBs: Positive Anti-HBc: Negative Anti-HBe: Negative
Flashcard 7: Aspiration pneumonia is commonly seen in alcoholics and _____ patients
Answer: anesthetized
Extra: Watch Clindamycin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-clindamycin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: What is a late complication associated with biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC)? _____
Answer: Cirrhosis
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 9: Lichen planus is an inflammatory dermatitis associated with chronic _____ infection
Answer: hepatitis C
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-skin?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 10: What cutaneous complication arises with HAV infection? _____
Answer: Jaundice
Extra: Watch Hepatitis A virus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-hepatitis-a-virus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: What fungal infection is a feared complication in a diabetic ketoacidosis patient? _____
Answer: Mucormycosis (usually caused by Rhizopus infection)
Extra: Watch Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-and-hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic-state-hhs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 12: Which form of alcoholic liver disease may be reversible with abstinence? _____
Answer: Hepatic steatosis
Extra: Watch Alcoholic & Non alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-alcoholic-and-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 13: Cirrhosis may lead to activation of _____ due to decreased intravascular volume and impaired metabolism of aldosterone
Answer: RAAS
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: The hypercalcemia seen in patients with Lymphoma is mediated by _____
Answer: Calcitriol
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by _____ % saturation
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/microcytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 16: Cirrhosis may present with neuropsychiatric symptoms due to increased serum _____
Answer: ammonia (NH3)
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: Which lobe of the liver is most commonly involved with amoebic liver abscesses? _____
Answer: Right lobe
Extra: Watch Entamoeba histolytica [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-intestinal-tract-entamoeba-histolytica?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: _____ is a common, potentially fatal bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Answer: Spontaneous (primary) bacterial peritonitis
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: What two factors determine if a patient with hepatitis C infection should be treated & what the treatment regimen should be? _____ and _____
Answer: HCV genotype
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Increased estrogen in cirrhosis may lead to _____, testicular atrophy, and amenorrhea (reproductive symptoms)
Answer: gynecomastia
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki other manifestations include spider angiomas, palmar erythema, and loss of sexual hair Impaired hepatic metabolism of estrogen in cirrhosis → ↑ vasodilation
Flashcard 21: Babesiosis has a worse presentation in _____ patients, which commonly results from sickle cell disease
Answer: asplenic
Extra: Watch Babesia spp. [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-blood-babesia-spp?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: The acute phase of HCV infection is marked by a rise and fall of _____ in 6 months
Answer: ALT
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Common sites of metastasis from lung cancer include the _____, brain, bone, and liver
Answer: adrenal gland
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: Minimal change disease has a(n) excellent response to _____
Answer: corticosteroids
Extra: Watch Nephrotic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephrotic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrotic-syndromes?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephrotic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 25: _____ syndrome is a complication of portal hypertension characterized by rapidly developing renal failure, secondary to cirrhosis
Answer: Hepatorenal
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: What is the most common reversible cause of sideroblastic anemia? _____
Answer: Alcoholism
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cirrhosis-ii-chronic-decompensation?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 27: In Weil's disease, Leptospira interrogans travels through the blood, causing dysfunction in the _____ and liver
Answer: kidneys
Extra: Watch Leptospira interrogans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-leptospira-interrogans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: Dissemination of Histoplasmosis to the liver and spleen occurs in _____ patients
Answer: immunocompromised
Extra: Watch Histoplasma capsulatum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-systemic-mycoses-histoplasma-capsulatum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: What demographic is classically affected by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)? _____
Answer: Middle-aged women (~ 40 y.o)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 30: Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by elevated liver enzymes with ALT _____ AST
Answer: <
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Alcoholic & Non alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-alcoholic-and-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Biliary tract diseases (e.g. PSC, PBC) present with features of _____ jaundice
Answer: obstructive
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Obstructive jaundice is associated with increased serum bile acids, which may cause _____
Answer: pruritus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is associated with _____ antibody
Answer: anti-mitochondrial
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 34: Polyarteritis nodosa associated with HBV can affect the vessels of the _____, resulting in HTN and decreased GFR
Answer: kidney
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: RBC pathologies associated with target cells may be remembered with the mnemonic "HALT": H: _____ A: Asplenia L: Liver disease T: Thalassemia
Answer: HbC disease
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by elevated liver enzymes with ALT _____ AST
Answer: >
Extra: Watch Alcoholic & Non alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-alcoholic-and-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 37: What is the traditional standard treatment for hepatitis C? _____
Answer: Once weekly pegylated-interferon alpha with daily oral ribavirin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Which hepatitis virus is associated with cryoglobulins? _____
Answer: HCV
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Does HCV increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: Wilson disease often presents with _____, due to copper accumulation in the liver
Answer: cirrhosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 41: Does biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC) result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Conjugated
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: Aplastic anemia occurs due to damage to _____ stem cells, resulting in pancytopenia (anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia)
Answer: hematopoietic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 43: Metastasis to the liver may be detected clinically as hepatomegaly with a(n) _____ free edge of the liver
Answer: nodular
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 44: Smokers with _____ will develop an aversion to tobacco products
Answer: hepatitis A virus
Extra: Watch Hepatitis A virus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-hepatitis-a-virus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: Ascending cholangitis is usually due to ascending infection with enteric gram-_____ bacteria
Answer: negative
Extra: Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: What odor may be associated with cirrhosis? _____
Answer: Fetor hepaticus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Fevers from Plasmodium vivax and ovale occur every _____ hrs
Answer: 48
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Treatment of β-thalassemia major involves chronic _____, which increases risk for secondary hemochromatosis
Answer: transfusions
Extra: * e.g. treatment of β-thalassemia major; "every bag of blood is basically a bag of iron" (high turnover of iron since RBCs normally last 120 days) Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/microcytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 49: Systemic amyloidosis can have hematologic manifestations, including splenomegaly and _____ purpura
Answer: periorbital
Extra: Watch Amyloidosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-amyloidosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: Chronic exposure to _____ can occur with patients who work with metallurgy, dye and pigment manufacturing, wood preservatives
Answer: Chromium
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: In addition to HCC, Budd-Chiari syndrome may also be seen with hypercoagulable and post-_____ states
Answer: partum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Hepatitis C infections become chronic in _____-_____% of cases
Answer: 60
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: What is the most common cause of portal hypertension in Western countries? _____
Answer: Cirrhosis
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: Primary biliary cholangitis increases the risk for _____ due to chronic cirrhosis
Answer: hepatocellular carcinoma
Extra: * first cirrhosis then HCC Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: What serum marker may be elevated in thyroid storm due to increased bone turnover? _____
Answer: Alkaline phosphatase
Extra: Watch Hyperthyroidism Overview & Graves Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hyperthyroidism-overview-and-graves-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: Which type of transplant rejection presents with maculopapular rash, jaundice, diarrhea, and hepatosplenomegaly? _____
Answer: Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki Atlas: due to recognition of host HLA-antigens by donor T-cells; think about the donor's T-cells attacking the skin, intestine and liver
Flashcard 57: What is a cutaneous complication of Yellow Fever? _____
Answer: Jaundice
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: Most notably, the serum tumor marker CA 15-3 / CA 27-29 are seen elevated in _____
Answer: Breast Cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is characterized by fever _____
Answer: everyday
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 60: How do platelet levels change with advanced liver disease? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: Risk factors for _____ carcinoma include chronic hepatitis (e.g. HBV, HCV)
Answer: hepatocellular
Extra: Watch Liver Tumors & Hepatocellular Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-liver-tumors-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 62: The HTLV-1 virus (cause of ATLL) is associated with _____ users
Answer: IV drug
Extra: Watch Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Hairy Cell Leukemia & Adult T cell Leukemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll-hairy-cell-leukemia-and-adult-t-cell-leukemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 63: Hepatitis B virus can present similar to serum sickness, with fever, _____ and arthralgias
Answer: rash
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: What CNS complication is associated with pellagra (B3 deficiency)? _____
Answer: Dementia (also hallucinations)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Carcinoid syndrome may occur if the carcinoid tumor metastasizes to the _____
Answer: liver
Extra: Watch Carcinoid Tumor & Small Bowel Neoplasms [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-carcinoid-tumor-and-small-bowel-neoplasms?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 66: Patients can become at increased risk for infections with vibrio vulnificus in the setting of _____ and chronic liver disease
Answer: achlorhydria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Part of the treatment for hyperammonemia is limiting _____ in the diet
Answer: protein
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Why may PTT be elevated in von Willebrand disease? _____
Answer: Decreased factor VIII half-life (vWF normally stabilizes factor VIII)
Extra: Watch Inherited Coagulation Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-inherited-coagulation-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: Membranous nephropathy has a(n) _____ response to corticosteroids
Answer: poor
Extra: Watch Nephrotic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephrotic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrotic-syndromes?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephrotic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 70: Esophageal varices may rupture, which presents with painless _____
Answer: hematemesis
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 71: What type of jaundice is associated with gallstones, parasites, and liver fluke? _____
Answer: Obstructive jaundice
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Aplastic anemia is characterized by _____ reticulocyte count and increased erythropoietin
Answer: decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 73: Vitamin A may be used to treat _____ and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML)
Answer: measles
Extra: Watch Vitamin A [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-a?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Leptospirosis is associated with fever and _____
Answer: conjunctival suffusion
Extra: Watch Leptospira interrogans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-leptospira-interrogans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Dengue fever and _____ viral infections typically occur simultaneously, as both are transmitted by the Aedes mosquito
Answer: chikungunya
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: In immunocompetent individuals, toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic or will present as a(n) _____-like illness
Answer: mononucleosis
Extra: Watch Toxoplasma gondii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: What is the most common porphyria? _____
Answer: Porphyria cutanea tarda
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/bullous-diseases/acquire?ref=anki UWorld:
Flashcard 78: Does a portal vein thrombosis cause histologic changes to the hepatic parenchyma? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: PiMZ heterozygotes (α1-antitrypsin) are at significant risk for emphysema if they _____
Answer: smoke
Extra: Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 80: _____ is a Rickettsial-like disorder caused by Coxiella burnetti that presents as pneumonia
Answer: Q Fever
Extra: Watch Coxiella burnetii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-coxiella-burnetii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Cholangiocarcinoma may present with _____ and _____ due to narrowing of bile ducts
Answer: jaundice
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Hemochromatosis has a slowed progression in _____
Answer: women
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 83: Does alcoholic hepatitis result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Both
Extra: * due to damage to both hepatocytes and small bile ductules Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Klebsiella pneumoniae is often complicated by _____ formation in the lungs and liver
Answer: abscess
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: _____ occurs due to Aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompromised patients
Answer: Angioinvasive aspergillosis
Extra: Watch Aspergillus fumigatus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-aspergillus-fumigatus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: What type of vomiting is seen with Yellow fever? _____
Answer: Black (bloody) vomiting
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: Which RNA virus can result in an aversion to smoking? _____
Answer: HAV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/hepatitis-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Which form of PKD (autosomal dominant or recessive) is associated with hepatic cysts? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Watch Congenital & Cystic Kidney Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Disorders of secondary hemostasis typically present with _____ bleeding
Answer: deep tissue
Extra: Watch Inherited Coagulation Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-inherited-coagulation-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis that presents with generalized edema, hepatomegaly, 4+ proteinuria, and enlarged kidneys? _____
Answer: AA amyloidosis
Extra: Watch Amyloidosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-amyloidosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Alcoholic hepatitis may present with _____ hepatomegaly
Answer: painful
Extra: * Intercostal nerves innervate glisson's capsule, which senses distension of the liver and induces pain Watch Alcoholic & Non alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-alcoholic-and-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: Bleeding time is _____ in all platelet disorders (both quantitative and qualitative)
Answer: prolonged
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Qualitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Pyogenic bacteria typically gain access to the liver through either a(n) _____ or portal vein pyemia
Answer: biliary tract infection (ascending cholangitis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is a non-toxic bile acid used in the treatment of early _____
Answer: primary biliary cirrhosis
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Chronic viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV) and autoimmune diseases (PSC, PBC, autoimmune hepatitis) may cause _____ of the liver, which is irreversible scarring/fibrosis
Answer: cirrhosis
Extra: * Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring in the liver Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: Viral hepatitis is characterized by elevated liver enzymes with ALT _____ AST
Answer: >
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 97: Patients with amoebic liver abscesses complain of _____ quadrant pain with hepatomegaly
Answer: right upper
Extra: Watch Entamoeba histolytica [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-intestinal-tract-entamoeba-histolytica?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: Gynecomastia is associated with increased levels of _____ (e.g. cirrhosis), decreased levels of androgens (ex Klinefelter syndrome), or testicular tumors (ex. Leydig cell tumor)
Answer: estrogen
Extra: - Cirrhosis causes decreased liver metabolism of estrogens; Klinefelter is male hypogonadism (thus decreased testosterone) Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Ovarian Neoplasms (Germ Cell & Sex Chord Stromal Tumors) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-neoplasms-germ-cell-and-sex-cord-stromal-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki other manifestations include spider angiomas, palmar erythema, and loss of sexual hair Impaired hepatic metabolism of estrogen in cirrhosis → ↑ vasodilation
Flashcard 99: Why is there thrombocytopenia in splenic sequestration crisis and portal hypertension? _____
Answer: Platelets are trapped in spleen
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Leptospira interrogans is characterized via a(n) _____ spread through the body
Answer: hematogenous
Extra: Watch Leptospira interrogans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-leptospira-interrogans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: All patients with virologic evidence of chronic HCV infection should be considered for treatment, except those with _____
Answer: limited life expectancy
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale is characterized by fever _____ (everyday or every other day)
Answer: every other day
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 103: In Weil’s disease, Leptospira interrogans travels through the blood, causing dysfunction in the kidneys and _____
Answer: liver
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: Is idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with a change in mental status? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Intracranial Hypertension (ICH) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-intracranial-hypertension-ich?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/headache?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 105: Hemochromatosis classically presents with a triad of _____, diabetes mellitus, and bronze skin
Answer: cirrhosis
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 106: One complication of vitamin B1 deficiency is _____ syndrome
Answer: Wernicke-Korsakoff
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/pyruvate-dehydrogenase/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 107: Leukemic cell infiltration of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and _____ is possible
Answer: skin (leukemia cutis)
Extra: * Leukemia - neoplastic lymphoid cells rise in the bone marrow and leak out into peripheral circulation Watch Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Hairy Cell Leukemia & Adult T cell Leukemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll-hairy-cell-leukemia-and-adult-t-cell-leukemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: What myeloproliferative disorder is associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome? _____
Answer: Polycythemia vera
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: In the following group of diseases, what is the most likely ratio of conjugated bilirubin : total bilirubin? _____% Viral Hepatitis
Answer: 20-50
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: Myoclonus is a movement disorder common in metabolic abnormalities, such as _____ and liver failure
Answer: renal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Visceral leishmaniasis can present with _____
Answer: hepatosplenomegaly
Extra: Watch Leishmania braziliensis & donovani [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-blood-leishmania-braziliensis-and-donovani?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Hemochromatosis may cause gonadal dysfunction in males due to _____ atrophy
Answer: testicular
Extra: * patient may present with testicular atrophy and decreased sex hormone production Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 113: PBC and PSC may cause elevation of what lab values? _____
Answer: ALP, GGT, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and immune proteins (IgM)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: Interferon alpha may be used to treat _____ carcinoma
Answer: renal cell
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch Interferon a, b, y [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-immunology-interferon-a-b-g?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: Primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis are associated with increased serum Ig_____
Answer: M
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 116: _____ HBV infection can result in cirrhosis
Answer: Chronic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: Which manifestation of Leptospira interrogans can result in azotemia and jaundice? _____
Answer: Weil's disease
Extra: Watch Leptospira interrogans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-leptospira-interrogans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: What is the most common cause of liver disease in the West? _____
Answer: Alcohol consumption
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: What commonly presents as acute liver decompensation (e.g. encephalopathy, worsening or bloody ascites, fever, SBP, etc)? _____
Answer: Hepatocellular carcinoma
Extra: Watch Liver Tumors & Hepatocellular Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-liver-tumors-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Hers disease classically presents with mild fasting _____, hepatomegaly, and cirrhosis
Answer: hypoglycemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycogen-storage-diseases/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: Cirrhosis is often complicated by _____ hypertension
Answer: portal
Extra: * due to increased intrasinusoidal pressure from fibrosis Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki the spleen drains into the portal vein via the splenic vein
Flashcard 122: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with _____ antibody
Answer: p-ANCA
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 123: Visceral leishmaniasis can present with _____ (blood complication)
Answer: pancytopenia
Extra: Watch Leishmania braziliensis & donovani [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-blood-leishmania-braziliensis-and-donovani?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: _____ infection with dengue fever is asymptomatic or self-limited
Answer: Primary
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Dengue fever is a type of hemorrhagic fever due to it causing _____
Answer: thrombocytopenia
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is diagnosed by paracentesis with ascitic fluid absolute neutrophil count > _____ cells/mm3
Answer: 250
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: In a medical setting, severe hypoglycemia is treated with IV _____
Answer: glucose
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: Loop diuretics may be used to treat _____ in liver failure (e.g. cirrhosis)
Answer: ascites
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: In developed countries, hepatic abscesses have a(n) _____ incidence and are caused by _____ infection in 80% of cases
Answer: low
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: The levels of free thyroid hormone are _____ in hepatic failure and steroid use
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by a "_____" appearance of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts on ERCP and MRCP
Answer: beading
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 132: _____ is due to increased PTH-rp secretion and presents similarly to hyperparathyroidism (e.g. hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia)
Answer: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
Extra: Watch Calcium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-calcium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: Edema may be caused by _____ plasma proteins (πc)
Answer: decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephrotic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: Petechiae are a sign of thrombocytopenia and are not usually seen with _____ platelet disorders
Answer: qualitative
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: What AST to ALT ratio is indicative of alcohol abuse? _____
Answer: >2:1 ratio of AST:ALT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: Normocytic anemia is either due to _____ or underproduction
Answer: peripheral destruction (hemolysis)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 137: Hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasias are most common in _____
Answer: women of reproductive age
Extra: Watch Liver Tumors & Hepatocellular Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-liver-tumors-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: All patients with chronic HCV except those with _____ should be considered for treatment
Answer: limited life expectancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: Hemophilia _____ is a coagulation disorder due to a genetic factor XI deficiency
Answer: C
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: Which helminths can result in portal hypertension and cirrhosis? _____
Answer: Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum
Extra: Watch Trematodes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-helminths-trematodes-and-cestodes-trematodes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: Foot drop results in a "_____ gait"
Answer: steppage
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/leg?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: What is the treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis? _____
Answer: Sodium stibogluconate
Extra: Watch Leishmania braziliensis & donovani [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-blood-leishmania-braziliensis-and-donovani?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Hepatitis C RNA is found in the serum for _____ months in the chronic stage
Answer: > 6
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: What is the result of hepatic failure on a T3 resin uptake test? _____
Answer: Resin uptake is increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: What is a manifestation of chronic Brucellosis? _____
Answer: Osteomyelitis
Extra: Watch Brucella spp. [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-brucella-spp?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: Hepatic encephalopathy may be triggered by decreased NH3 removal, such as _____ failure
Answer: renal
Extra: * another cause is the conversion of amino acids into false neurotransmitters Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: Patients undergoing splenectomy should be vaccinated against _____ organisms
Answer: encapsulated
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/lymphoid-tissue?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 148: Which liver enzyme is increased in various liver/biliary diseases, but NOT in bone disease? _____
Answer: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine:
Flashcard 149: Which hepatitis virus infection is often self-limiting? _____
Answer: HAV
Extra: Watch Hepatitis A virus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-hepatitis-a-virus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: What is a common cause of death in hemochromatosis? _____
Answer: Hepatocellular carcinoma
Extra: * via progression to cirrhosis from iron overload Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 151: Asterixis is associated with hepatic _____, Wilson disease, and other metabolic derangements
Answer: encephalopathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: How does excess absorbed copper get eliminated in Wilson disease? _____
Answer: Urinary compensation (accounts for 5-15% of daily copper excretion)
Extra: * In a healthy person, most excess copper is secreted into bile and excreted in stool https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: What is the treatment for Bartonella henselae in the immuno-compromised (bacillary angiomatosis)? _____
Answer: Doxycycline or Azithromycin
Extra: Watch Bartonella henselae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-bartonella-henselae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/additional-dermatologic-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: The goal of treatment of HCV is to achieve a(n) _____, which is the inability to detect HCV RNA by PCR for 6 months after stopping treatment
Answer: sustained virologic response (SVR)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: In the following group of diseases, what is the most likely ratio of conjugated bilirubin : total bilirubin? _____% Drugs (ex. OCPs) Dubin-Johnson / Rotor Primary Biliary Cholangitis Obstruction (ex. gallstone)
Answer: >50
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: _____ measures the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade
Answer: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: What is the curative treatment for Crigler-Najjar syndrome? _____
Answer: Liver transplant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: Dermatologic symptoms of cirrhosis include _____, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, and petechiae/purpura
Answer: jaundice
Extra: * due to elevated estrogen Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: Which form of Leishmaniasis can present with fever, pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly? _____
Answer: Visceral leishmaniasis (L. donovani)
Extra: Watch Leishmania braziliensis & donovani [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-blood-leishmania-braziliensis-and-donovani?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma include causes of _____ (e.g. alcohol, NAFLD, hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, A1AT deficiency)
Answer: cirrhosis
Extra: Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-liver-tumors-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Liver Tumors & Hepatocellular Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-liver-tumors-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 161: Portal hypertension can lead to _____, which is fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Answer: ascites
Extra: Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan (axial view) A diffuse tumorous liver (2x large green circles), enlarged spleen (hatched overlay), perihepatic and perisplenic ascites (green overlay), and esophageal varices (3x small green circles) can be seen. These findings are consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension.
Flashcard 162: Does primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) affect intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts? _____
Answer: Intrahepatic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 163: Babesiosis can cause _____, which results in hemoglobinuria and jaundice
Answer: hemolytic anemia
Extra: Watch Babesia spp. [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-blood-babesia-spp?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: Lung cancer is the _____ most common cancer by mortality
Answer: 1st
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: Kidney infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in RBCs and WBCs in urine WITHOUT bacteria, known as _____
Answer: sterile pyuria
Extra: Watch Leprae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antimycobacterials-tuberculosis-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Brucellosis due to Brucella spp. presents with _____, anorexia, and fatigue
Answer: undulant fever
Extra: Watch Brucella spp. [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-brucella-spp?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Transmission of HIV occurs via _____ fluids
Answer: bodily
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: Hepatitis B infection What does the presence of persistent HBsAg and HBV DNA indicate? _____
Answer: Chronic HBV infection
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki HBsAg: Positive Anti-HBs: Negative IgG Anti-HBc: Positive Anti-HBe: Negative
Flashcard 169: Is therapy for Hepatitis Viruses indicated for acute or chronic infection? _____
Answer: Chronic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: Does Dubin-Johnson syndrome result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Conjugated
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki Normal LFTs and CBC due to a defect in hepatic secretion of conjugated bilirubin into the biliary system
Flashcard 171: Paget disease of bone is the most common cause of isolated elevated _____ in patients > 40 years old
Answer: alkaline phosphatase
Extra: Watch Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-osteoporosis-and-paget-disease-of-bone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 172: Cryoglobulinemia is a type III HSR-mediated vasculitis that typically affects _____
Answer: older women
Extra: Watch Small Vessel Vasculitides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-vasculitides-small-vessel-vasculitides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Primary biliary cholangitis is associated with other _____ diseases
Answer: autoimmune
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 174: Hemochromatosis is characterized by _____ % saturation
Answer: increased
Extra: * due to excess circulating serum iron, which saturates transferrin receptors Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: Patients get chronically exposed to Vinyl Chloride if they manufacture _____
Answer: PVC
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome typically occurs in severely _____ patients
Answer: malnourished
Extra: Watch Osmolality & Sodium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-osmolality-and-sodium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/ischemic-cerebrovascular-accidents?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 177: _____ is a cause of pneumonia that most commonly affects the elderly, alcoholics, and diabetics (due to aspiration)
Answer: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: Diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with a(n) _____ breath odor due to exhaled acetone
Answer: fruity
Extra: Watch Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-and-hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic-state-hhs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: There is an increased incidence of ascending cholangitis with _____ (stones in the biliary ducts)
Answer: choledocholithiasis
Extra: Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Which form of Rubella, adult or congenital, presents with arthritis? _____
Answer: Adult
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: Patients with acute viral hepatitis present with a(n) _____ of fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting
Answer: prodrome
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: SIADH is characterized by increased _____ of free water
Answer: retention
Extra: * Large wet kid with green shirt: in SIADH, initially volume increases due to increased ADH and excessive free water retention) Watch Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-diabetes-insipidus-and-siadh?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: Increased _____ in cirrhosis may lead to spider angiomas and palmar erythema (dermatologic symptoms)
Answer: estrogen
Extra: * Increased estrogen results in vasodilation of arteries and veins (usully on Trunk, Face, and Arms -upper body) Watch Cirrhosis Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-cirrhosis-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki Impaired hepatic metabolism of estrogen in cirrhosis → ↑ vasodilation
Flashcard 184: What genotype is associated with significant risk for panacinar emphysema and liver cirrhosis (α1-antitrypsin)? _____
Answer: PiZZ homozygotes
Extra: increased elastase activity due to imbalance results in loss of elastic fibers Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: The bacterial organisms vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas hydrophila may cause _____ related to freshwater / seawater exposure
Answer: cellulitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Which systemic fungal infection can, when disseminated, infect the meninges and cause meningitis? _____
Answer: Coccidioidomycosis
Extra: Watch Coccidioides immitis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-systemic-mycoses-coccidioides-immitis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Ascites with SAAG _____ 1.1 = portal hypertension
Answer: >
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that received multiple blood transfusions and develops paresthesias, carpal spasm, and hyperreflexia? _____
Answer: Hypocalcemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: Hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia (bruising) and anemia (pallor) is suggestive of _____
Answer: ALL
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Diagnosis of HSV encephalitis = _____
Answer: PCR of HSV DNA in CSF
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: What lab value can you screen Primary Biliary Cirrhosis? _____
Answer: AMA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: If percussion of the abdomen results in a thrill, this is suggestive of _____
Answer: ascites
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Which species of Plasmodium produce the most severe infection? _____
Answer: P. falciparum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: These are symptoms of _____ and is treated with hemin/glucose
Answer: acute intermittent porphyria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: A Hepatitis B DNA viral load of >_____ indicates active infection
Answer: 2,000IU/mL
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: Defective bilirubin conjugation = _____
Answer: Gilbert syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: Which type of testicular tumor is associated with testosterone production? _____
Answer: Leydig cell tumors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: Calcification along the joint lines of cartilage is an additional finding in which of the following? _____
Answer: Pseudogout
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: Cirrhosis = _____ PT time and _____ platelets
Answer: ↑
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: _____ has ↑ risk of hepatic fibrosis
Answer: ARPKD
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: Hepatorenal syndrome occurs due to _____ dilation, which results in decreased vascular resistance and activation of the RAAS
Answer: splanchnic arterial
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Hemolytic anemia presents with _____ haptoglobin, _____ bilirubin, and _____ LDH
Answer: low
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: What is the diagnosis in a patient with macrocytic anemia, low reticulocyte count, hepatomegaly, and ringed sideroblasts? _____
Answer: Myelodysplastic syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: ALT > 1000 U/L likely indicates: _____ Drug toxicity (acetaminophen) Shock liver (ischemia d/t hypotension) Autoimmune hepatitis
Answer: Acute viral hepatitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: In addition to antivirals, _____ improves transplant-free survival even in patients with non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in the following populations: General: _____ Penetrating: _____ Sickle cell: _____ Diabetes mellitus: Polymicrobial (cover Pseudomonas) Oyster/Cirrhotic: Vibrio Vulnificans
Answer: Staph aureus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 207: What antibody is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis? _____
Answer: p-ANCA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: Unlike hepatic adenomas, _____ are generally stable and are rarely complicated by spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage
Answer: focal nodular hyperplasia lesions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration is caused by damage to the _____ cells in the anterior cerebellar vermis
Answer: Purkinje
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 210: _____ causes fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts
Answer: Primary biliary cirrhosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: _____ is a benign, non-inflammatory enlargement of the salivary glands associated with malnutrition and liver disease
Answer: Sialadenosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 212: Mononucleosis may present with increased _____ due to hepatitis and increased _____
Answer: LFTs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: Primary biliary cholangitis can prevent biliary elimination of _____, leading to xanthomas
Answer: cholesterol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: In inactive chronic HBV, Anti-HBe is _____
Answer: positive
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 215: What is the underlying cause of edema in patients with cirrhosis? _____
Answer: Hypoalbuminemia (synthetic dysfunction)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 216: What causes intrahepatic jaundice? _____
Answer: Hepatitis/genetic disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 217: Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of _____-hepatic bile ducts
Answer: intra
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 218: Woman on OCP with a palpable abdominal mass or spontaneous rupture leading to hemorrhagic shock: _____
Answer: Hepatic adenoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 219: Seizures refractory to benzos - next step? _____
Answer: Phenytoin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 220: Renal cell carcinoma is managed with _____
Answer: resection
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 221: Screenings for hepatitis B in nonpregant adolescents and adults should be done when the patient is: _____
Answer: High-risk
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 222: What is more elevated in EtOH hepatitis? _____
Answer: AST>ALT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 223: Which coagulation disorder presents with hemarthroses, easy bruising, and bleeding after surgery? _____
Answer: Hemophilia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 224: How does urine/stool appear in obstructive jaundice? _____
Answer: Dark urine; pale stool
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 225: Metabolic syndrome, weight loss / ascites / hypoalbuminemia and palpable liver nodule is suggestive of _____
Answer: HCC
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 226: What is the recommended treatment for lichen simplex chronicus? _____
Answer: High-potency topical corticosteroids ± antihistamines
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 227: Cirrhosis etiologies: V: _____ W: Wilsons H: Hemochromatosis A: Alpha-1 Anti-trypsin deficiency P: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis P: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis E: Ethanol N: NASH/NAFLD S: Something Rare
Answer: Viral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 228: Unconjugated bilirubin with high Hgb = _____
Answer: transfusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 229: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient with minimal smoking history who presents with progressive dyspnea, cough, and bilateral basilar hyperlucency on CXR? _____
Answer: α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 230: What is the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in setting of obesity? Adipokines released from fat depots decrease _____ of peripheral tissue → _____ → triggers lipid uptake and lipogenesis within hepatocytes
Answer: insulin sensitivity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 231: Low serum ceruloplasmin with elevated urinary copper excretion suggests a diagnosis of _____
Answer: Wilson disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 232: Jaundice that occurs in a post-trauma patient who gets lots of blood transfusions is due to _____
Answer: overproduction of bilirubin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 233: Cutaneous xanthomas can occur in the setting of primary biliary cholangitis _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 234: Is hyperpigmentation found in primary biliary cholangitis? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 235: Lichen planus = often associated with _____
Answer: chronic hepatitis C
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 236: What hormone analog is useful for the treatment of variceal hemorrhage? _____
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 237: What AST:ALT ratio is indicative of heavy alcohol use? _____
Answer: >2:1 AST:ALT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 238: Seizures can occur secondary to low blood _____
Answer: sugar
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 239: The Tuberculin skin test (TST) is considered positive in HIV-positive individuals if the induration is ≥ _____
Answer: 5 mm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 240: Multiple myeloma is associated with an elevated protein gap (> _____ g/dL)
Answer: 4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/plasma-cell/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 241: Child-Pugh Score: A pre-op assessment of hepatic risk factors should include: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Answer: Bilirubin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 242: ↓ Albumin = _____ serum total calcium
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 243: What is the likely diagnosis in a hepatitis C patient with palpable purpura, hematuria, proteinuria, and low serum complement? _____
Answer: Mixed cryoglobulinemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/vasculitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 244: SBP is often seen in cirrhotics and patients receiving _____
Answer: peritoneal dialysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 245: Malaria is characterized by flu-like symptoms (fever and headache), _____ and splenomegaly
Answer: anemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 246: Malaria may present with _____ of the skin due to intravascular hemolytic anemia
Answer: jaundice
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 247: Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for close personal contacts of those with hepatitis A _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 248: _____ encephalopathy is characterized by lesions in the periventricular and diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus) regions
Answer: Wernicke
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 249: Difference in features between Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome? Wernicke's → _____ Korsakoff → _____
Answer: ataxia, confusion, ocular abnormalities (nystagmus, gaze palsies)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 250: Cirrhosis = _____ total T3/T4 and _____ free T3/T4 and TSH
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 251: Pseudotumor cerebri is associated with vitamin _____ excess
Answer: A
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 252: Who should be screened for hepatitis C? _____
Answer: Adults aged 18-79
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 253: _____ = female-appearing child with masculinization at puberty, bilateral undescended testes, and no breasts
Answer: 5α-reductase deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 254: Meltzer's triad (purpura, arthralgia, and fatigue) with increased serum concentration of polyclonal IgG and IgM is highly suggestive of _____
Answer: mixed cryoglobulinemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 255: Hepatitis B is acquired via _____
Answer: sex / blood / birth
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 256: Treatment of β-thalassemia major involves chronic _____, which increases risk for secondary hemochromatosis
Answer: transfusions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/microcytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 257: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primarily infects the _____, liver, and B cells
Answer: oropharynx
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 258: All patients with cirrhosis should be regularly screened for major complications, in particular, _____ and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Answer: esophageal varices
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 259: Cirrhosis and emphysema is most likely _____
Answer: α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 260: In new-onset ascites, paracentesis with _____ should be performed to rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Answer: cell count and differential
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 261: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is associated with _____ antibody
Answer: anti-mitochondrial
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 262: Up to 50% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occur secondary to _____
Answer: chronic hepatitis B infection
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 263: Treatment for acute kidney rejection is _____
Answer: steroid and antithymocyte
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 264: Overflow incontinence is associated with increased _____ on catheterization or ultrasound
Answer: post-void residual (urinary retention)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 265: Deep Tendon Reflexes _____ = trace reflex
Answer: 1/4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 266: _____ is a childhood cancer that may present with bruising, petechiae, and mucosal bleeding due to thrombocytopenia
Answer: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 267: What is the next step in management for a patient found to have positive HCV antibodies? _____
Answer: HCV RNA testing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 268: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient with liver disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms? _____
Answer: Wilson disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 269: In inactive chronic HBV, HBe is _____
Answer: negative
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 270: Alcoholic hepatitis typically has what AST/ALT ratio? _____
Answer: AST/ALT ratio > 2 But > 1 is also seen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 271: Cirrhotic with new-onset ascites, variceal bleeding is managed with _____
Answer: abdominal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 272: _____ may present with ↑ CEA/CA-19-9 levels
Answer: Cholangiocarcinoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 273: _____ is a genetic cause of emphysema that should be considered in a young patients with symptoms of obstructive lung disease and cirrhosis
Answer: α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/copd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 274: When should you counsel patients on sexually transmitted diseases? If they are: 1) _____ 2) _____
Answer: Sexually active adolescents
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 275: A "steppage gait" secondary to foot drop is often caused by _____ radiculopathy and common/deep peroneal neuropathy
Answer: L5
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki both pathologies result in weakness with dorsiflexion; L5 radiculopathy also causes weak foot inversion and plantar flexion, as well as back pain radiating to the foot
Flashcard 276: USPSTF recommends HIV antibody screen 1 time for adults 15-65 _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 277: Liver nodule and (+) FOBT / anemia = _____
Answer: mets
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 278: What causes thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis? _____
Answer: Hypersplenism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 279: Deep Tendon Reflexes _____ = brisk reflex
Answer: 3/4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 280: anti-HBc IgG indicates either that the form of Hepatitis B is either a(n) _____ or _____ infection
Answer: active chronic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 281: Painless lymphadenopathy, B symptoms and pruritus is seen in _____
Answer: Hodgkin lymphoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 282: > 60 y.o. and isolated elevation in ALP is suggestive of _____
Answer: Paget disease of bone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 283: Causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia include _____ disease and alcoholism
Answer: liver
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/macrocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 284: Diuretics can induce hepatic encephalopathy by inducing _____kalemia and metabolic alkalosis
Answer: hypo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 285: _____ is a bacterial infection causing distributive shock that may affect the liver, resulting in elevated liver enzymes
Answer: Toxic shock syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 286: Hepatitis C is acquired via _____
Answer: blood
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 287: Hypersplenism due to portal hypertension can cause what hematological effect? _____
Answer: Thrombocytopenia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 288: _____ bleeding is superficial/mucosal (e.g. petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia) _____ bleeding is deep (e.g. joints)
Answer: Platelet
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 289: What is postexposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B exposure? Unvaccinated / Incomplete Vaccination: _____ Non-responder: _____ Previous vaccination and known antibody response: _____
Answer: Ig and full vaccine series
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 290: Hepatic encephalopathy can be precipitated by _____kalemia and _____
Answer: hypo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 291: HSV conjunctivitis is usually unilateral and often presents with a(n) _____ rash
Answer: vesicular
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 292: Two populations especially important to vaccinate against pneumococcal infections? _____
Answer: Immunocompromised Asplenics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 293: _____ is a form of pleural effusion that may arise in the setting of cirrhotic liver disease and ascites
Answer: Hepatic hydrothorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 294: Impaired hepatic storage of bilirubin = _____
Answer: Dubin-Johnson syndrome/Rotor syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 295: _____ is a rare and devastating complication of acute hepatitis B infection with a mortality rate > 80%
Answer: Fulminant liver failure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 296: What is the recommended prophylaxis for a vaccinated healthcare worker that is exposed to blood from a hepatitis B positive patient? _____
Answer: No intervention needed
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 297: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with fever, jaundice, tender hepatomegaly, and AST:ALT ratio > 2? _____
Answer: Alcoholic hepatitis
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Flashcard 298: What is the likely reason why a patient with hemophilia A begins to develop increased bleeding in spite of factor VIII replacement therapy? _____
Answer: Inhibitor development
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Flashcard 299: HbSAg (+) post-exposure prophylaxis = _____
Answer: HbIg and vaccination
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Flashcard 300: Elevated alkaline phosphatase and GGT is specific for _____ pathology
Answer: biliary
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Flashcard 301: What causes prehepatic jaundice? (2) _____
Answer: Hemolysis Hematomas
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 302: Cirrhosis, diabetes and skin pigmentation is most likely _____
Answer: hemochromatosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 303: What pharmaceutical therapy is recommended for prophylaxis of non-bleeding esophageal varices? _____
Answer: Non-selective β-blockers (e.g. propranolol, nadolol)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 304: Hepatic _____ may be triggered by increased NH3 production or absorption (e.g. GI bleed)
Answer: encephalopathy
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Flashcard 305: Milky ascites is seen in a(n) _____
Answer: chylous ascites (malignancy, cirrhosis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 306: What pharmaceutical treatment is helpful for delaying the progression of primary biliary cholangitis? _____
Answer: Ursodeoxycholic acid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 307: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of Wilson disease include _____, dysarthria, parkinsonism, and dementia
Answer: tremor
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Flashcard 308: What three mechanisms explain hyperestrogenism in the setting of cirrhosis? (3) Increased peripheral conversion of _____→ _____ Decreased hepatic breakdown of _____ Increased amounts of _____ → increased binding (inactivation) of _____
Answer: androgens
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Flashcard 309: What is the likely diagnosis in a cirrhotic patient with decreasing GFR, normal urinalysis, lack of improvement with IV fluids, and no other renal dysfunction? _____
Answer: Hepatorenal syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 310: Copper accumulation in liver / brain = _____
Answer: Wilson disease
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Flashcard 311: Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are suggestive of _____
Answer: autoimmune hepatitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 312: TIBC is elevated in the setting of sideroblastic anemia _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 313: A calcium-phosphorus product > _____ increases the risk of soft tissue calcification
Answer: 55
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Flashcard 314: Neonatal circumcision reduces risk of acquiring some sexually transmitted infections, such as _____ and _____
Answer: HPV
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Flashcard 315: Hereditary spherocytosis is managed with _____
Answer: splenectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 316: In _____, right-sided diaphragmatic defects permit peritoneal fluid to pass into the pleural space
Answer: hepatic hydrothorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 317: What labs are associated with prehepatic jaundice? _____
Answer: Increased unconjugated bilirubin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 318: Recurrent GI bleeding from esophageal varices is managed with _____
Answer: TIPS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 319: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with recurrent hemarthrosis after mild trauma and a family history significant for a maternal uncle with a similar issue? _____
Answer: Hemophilia A or B
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Flashcard 320: Anemia of chronic disease results in: _____ serum iron _____ transferrin (TIBC) _____ ferritin
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/microcytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 321: Dementia and visual hallucinations followed by early Parkinsonism is suggestive of _____
Answer: Lewy body dementia
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Flashcard 322: The encapsulated bacteria with vaccines are: _____ haemophilus influenzae neisseria meningitidis
Answer: strep. pneumoniae
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Flashcard 323: Trauma, infection, and crystals are the most common causes of acute _____arthritis in adults
Answer: mono
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 324: The levels of TBG and total T4 are _____ with pregnancy and oral contraceptive use
Answer: increased
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Flashcard 325: Caput medusae and spider angiomata are both signs of hyperestrogenism _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 326: Chronic or severe liver disease can cause _____
Answer: respiratory alkalosis
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Flashcard 327: _____ is a liver abscess that is most often seen as a complication of biliary disease, especially acute ascending cholangitis
Answer: Pyogenic liver abscess
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Flashcard 328: What is the likely diagnosis in a middle-aged man with fatigue, pruritus, ulcerative colitis, and elevated alkaline phosphatase? _____
Answer: Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 329: What antibody is characteristically elevated in primary biliary cholangitis? _____
Answer: Anti-mitochondrial antibody
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 330: What is the underlying cause of impotence in a middle-aged male with hepatomegaly and arthropathy? _____
Answer: Hypogonadism (due to hereditary hemochromatosis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 331: Which two classifications help to categorize seizures? _____
Answer: Generalized vs Partial Partial → Complex vs Simple
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Flashcard 332: The absolute values of AST and ALT in alcoholic hepatitis are almost always < _____ IU/L
Answer: 500
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Flashcard 333: Who should be screened for hepatitis C? _____
Answer: Adults aged 18-79
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Flashcard 334: At what age can you start screening patients for HIV: _____
Answer: 15-years-old
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Flashcard 335: _____ causes fibrosis of both bile ducts
Answer: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 336: What common conditions are associated with primary biliary cholangitis? _____
Answer: Autoimmune conditions
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Flashcard 337: Anti-HBs and Anti-HBe or Anti-HBc Ab = _____
Answer: Recovery from Hep B
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Flashcard 338: Post-liver transplant increase in LFTs is managed with _____
Answer: ultrasound/doppler
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Flashcard 339: Chronic _____ abuse can lead to erectile dysfunction
Answer: alcohol
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Flashcard 340: Liver metastases are often clinically silent unless _____ or _____ causes pain or jaundice
Answer: pressure on the liver capsule
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Flashcard 341: ALT > 1000 U/L likely indicates: _____ Drug toxicity (acetaminophen) Shock liver (ischemia d/t hypotension) Autoimmune hepatitis
Answer: Acute viral hepatitis
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Flashcard 342: Alcoholic _____ degeneration typically affects patients with extensive alcohol abuse and presents with progressive gait instability, truncal ataxia, difficulty with rapid alternating movements, hypotonia, and intention tremor
Answer: cerebellar
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 343: The three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are _____, _____, and _____
Answer: eye opening (4)
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Flashcard 344: Symptom/sign of what? _____
Answer: Acanthosis nigricans/T2DM /Insulin resistance
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Flashcard 345: Cirrhotic with ↑ PT/PTT following low PO intake and antibiotic use = _____
Answer: vitamin K deficiency
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Flashcard 346: Gilbert syndrome is diagnosed by elevated levels of _____ bilirubin with normal LFTs and CBC
Answer: unconjugated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 347: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with chronic kidney disease that develops bone pain? _____
Answer: Renal osteodystrophy (due to secondary hyperparathyroidism)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 348: What is the most common source of liver metastases? _____
Answer: Colorectal cancer
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Flashcard 349: Does viral conjunctivitis present with ocular pruritis and eyelid edema? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 350: What hepatobiliary complication is associated with hereditary spherocytosis? _____
Answer: Pigment gallstones (+/- acute cholecystitis)
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Flashcard 351: _____ is an immunodeficiency that may present with miliary TB and generalized rash with hemorrhagic necrosis
Answer: IL-12 receptor deficiency
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Flashcard 352: To grade GCS of motor response: 6: _____ 5: _____ 4: _____ 3: _____ 2: _____ 1: _____
Answer: Obeys commands
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Flashcard 353: What is the likely cause of acute renal failure in a patient with high anion, osmolal gap metabolic acidosis, and calcium oxalate crystals on urinalysis? _____
Answer: Ethylene glycol poisoning
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 354: What is the normal range of Iron, serum?
Answer: From 50 to 170 ug/dL
Flashcard 355: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Prothrombin time?
Answer: From 11 to 15 seconds
Flashcard 356: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Partial thromboplastin time (activated)?
Answer: From 25 to 40 seconds
Flashcard 357: What is the normal range of Lactate dehydrogenase, serum?
Answer: From 45 to 90 U/L
Flashcard 358: What is the normal range of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum?
Answer: From 8 to 20 U/L
Flashcard 359: What is the normal range of Ferritin, serum (Male)?
Answer: From 15 to 200 ng/mL
Flashcard 360: A 5 y/o boy comes with developmental delay, difficulty seeing the board at school. -Physical exam: tall, thin habitus with elongated limbs. -Funduscopy: bilateral lens subluxation -4 years later: Patient dies suddenly of a mssive cerebrovascular accident. -Autopsy: Middle cerebral aretry thrombosis and old renal infarcts. -What would have been the most appropriate supplementation for this patient?
Answer: Pyridoxine (vit B6) due to homocystinuria, which is associated with marfan syndrome. B12 could have work too.
Flashcard 361: _____ (dementia or delirium) is the most common presentation of altered mental status in an inpatient setting (especially in the ICU and with prolonged hospital stays)
Answer: Delirium
Flashcard 362: Which type of transplant rejection occurs within months to years? _____
Answer: Chronic
Flashcard 363: Chronic liver transplant rejection typically presents as _____
Answer: vanishing bile duct syndrome
Flashcard 364: Anemia of chronic disease is characterized by _____ TIBC
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 365: Patients with DRESS syndrome with _____philia, atypical lymphocytosis, and elevated ALT
Answer: eosino
Flashcard 366: The treatment for refractory cases of ITP is _____
Answer: splenectomy
Flashcard 367: What GI pathology is an irreversible cause of dementia? _____
Answer: Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
Flashcard 368: Which porphyrea presents with blistering cutaneous photosensitivity and hyperpigmentation? _____
Answer: Porphyria cutanea tarda
Flashcard 369: Do patients with cerebellar lesions sway with their eyes open or closed? _____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 370: Which immunodeficiency is associated with increased serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)? _____
Answer: Ataxia-telangiectasia
Flashcard 371: Early Complement Deficiencies (C1-C4) are characterized by increased risk of severe, recurrent pyogenic _____ infections
Answer: sinopulmonary (location)
Flashcard 372: An enlarging _____ in CML suggests progression to accelerated disease ("blast crisis")
Answer: spleen
Flashcard 373: Which systemic fungal infection can, when disseminated, infect the meninges and cause meningitis?_____
Answer: Coccidioidomycosis
Flashcard 374: Treatment of aplastic anemia with _____ may be helpful as some idiopathic cases are due to abnormal T-cell activation with release of cytokines
Answer: immunosuppression
Flashcard 375: Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, may be useful in the management of _____ bleeding by reducing portal blood flow and variceal pressure
Answer: esophageal variceal
Flashcard 376: Graft-versus-host disease is potentially beneficial in bone marrow transplants for patients with _____
Answer: leukemia
Flashcard 377: Osteoporosis is characterized by _____ serum PO43-
Answer: normal
Flashcard 378: HAV infection is commonly seen in _____ to endemic areas
Answer: travelers
Flashcard 379: How do platelet levels change post-splenectomy? _____
Answer: Increased (thrombocytosis)
Flashcard 380: Alcoholics commonly have fasting _____ (blood sugar)
Answer: hypoglycemia
Flashcard 381: Paget disease of bone is characterized by _____ serum Ca2+
Answer: normal
Flashcard 382: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a syndrome of shortness of breath and hypoxemia caused by _____ in the lungs of patients with liver disease
Answer: vasodilation
Flashcard 383: Retinitis pigmentosa is a painless, progressive vision loss beginning with _____
Answer: night blindness
Flashcard 384: Stage _____ HIV is characterized by wide dissemination to lymphoid organs
Answer: 1
Flashcard 385: Visceral leishmaniasis can present with _____ (visceral complication)
Answer: hepatosplenomegaly
Flashcard 386: Hepatic encephalopathy may be triggered by decreased NH3 removal, such as _____ failure
Answer: renal
Flashcard 387: Klebsiella pneumoniae is often complicated by _____ formation in the lungs and liver
Answer: abscess
Flashcard 388: T-cell proliferation in Epstein-Barr Virus results in _____
Answer: (hepato)splenomegaly
Flashcard 389: Which blood transfusion therapy contains fibrinogen (factor I), factor VIII and XIII, vWF, and fibronectin?_____
Answer: Cryoprecipitate
Flashcard 390: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has a(n) _____ response to corticosteroids
Answer: poor
Flashcard 391: _____ seizures affect a single area of the brain
Answer: Partial (focal)
Flashcard 392: Hepatitis C RNA is found in the serum for _____ months in the chronic stage
Answer: > 6
Flashcard 393: What is the traditional standard treatment for hepatitis C? _____
Answer: Once weekly pegylated-interferon alpha with daily oral ribavirin (specific)
Flashcard 394: Normocytic anemia with extravascular hemolysis is associated with increased risk for _____ gallstones
Answer: bilirubin
Flashcard 395: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by elevated liver enzymes with ALT _____ AST
Answer: >
Flashcard 396: Hemophilia (A, B, C) presents with _____ platelet count
Answer: normal
Flashcard 397: Treatment for hemochromatosis may include repeated _____
Answer: phlebotomy
Flashcard 398: Vitamin K deficiency presents with _____ bleeding time
Answer: normal
Flashcard 399: Which immunoglobulin is decreased with splenic dysfunction? _____
Answer: IgM
Flashcard 400: _____ is characterized by organ damage, secondary to excess iron
Answer: Hemochromatosis
Flashcard 401: Acute gout classically presents as a painful MTP joint of the _____
Answer: big toe (podagra)
Flashcard 402: Which form of alcoholic liver disease may be reversible with abstinence?_____
Answer: Hepatic steatosis
Flashcard 403: Does Hepatitis A have a vaccine?_____
Answer: Yes!
Flashcard 404: Which two demographics are commonly affected by Herpes Zoster (shingles)?_____
Answer: Elderly and Immunocompromised
Flashcard 405: Which liver enzyme is increased in cholestasis (e.g. biliary obstruction), infiltrative disorders, and bone disease? _____
Answer: Alkaline phosphatase
Flashcard 406: Zidovudine is used to decrease the vertical transmission of _____
Answer: HIV
Flashcard 407: HHV-8 infection is common in _____ patients
Answer: immunocompromised (AIDS)
Flashcard 408: Which serum marker may be elevated due to metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma to bone?_____
Answer: alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Flashcard 409: Treatment of portosystemic shunts with TIPS can precipitate _____ in cirrhotic patients
Answer: hepatic encephalopathy
Flashcard 410: Hepatitis C RNA is found in the serum for _____ months in the acute stage
Answer: < 6
Flashcard 411: What is the curative treatment for Crigler-Najjar syndrome?_____
Answer: Liver transplant
Flashcard 412: Lassa fever is endemic to _____
Answer: West Africa
Flashcard 413: _____ is the most severe form of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Answer: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Flashcard 414: Hepatitis B infection What does the presence of anti-HBc and anti-HBs indicate?_____
Answer: Recovery from acute HBV
Flashcard 415: Hemochromatosis typically presents _____ age 40, when total body iron > 20g
Answer: after
Flashcard 416: What is the most common cause of portal hypertension in Western countries? _____
Answer: Cirrhosis
Flashcard 417: How do levels of estrogen change in cirrhosis? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 418: What does the presence of anti-HBs only indicate?_____
Answer: Vaccination
Flashcard 419: Is the hematemesis seen with esophageal varices typically painful or painless? _____
Answer: Painless
Flashcard 420: Cirrhosis may present with _____ due to decreased synthesis of clotting factors
Answer: coagulopathies
Flashcard 421: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome is also referred to as _____
Answer: Central pontine myelinolysis
Flashcard 422: Does cirrhosis result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 423: Does anemia persist following splenectomy in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 424: Lamivudine and tenofovir are NRTIs with activity against _____ (liver pathology)
Answer: hepatitis B
Flashcard 425: Hemochromatosis is characterized by _____ TIBC
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 426: PiMZ heterozygotes (1-antitrypsin) are at significant risk for emphysema if they _____
Answer: smoke
Flashcard 427: In addition to HCC, Budd-Chiari syndrome may also be seen with hypercoaguable and post-_____ states
Answer: partum
Flashcard 428: Carcinoid syndrome may occur if the carcinoid tumor metastasizes to the _____
Answer: liver
Flashcard 429: _____ Virus can result in pharyngitis with tonsillar exudates
Answer: Epstein-Barr
Flashcard 430: Chronic exposure to _____ can occur with patients who work with metallurgy, dye and pigment manufacturing, wood preservatives
Answer: Chromium
Flashcard 431: Which form of PKD (autosomal dominant or recessive) is associated with hepatic cysts? _____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 432: Wilson disease typically presents _____ age 40
Answer: before
Flashcard 433: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by a "_____" appearance of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts on ERCP and MRCP
Answer: beading
Flashcard 434: Abnormal secondary hemostasis may occur due to _____ failure, which causes decreased activation of vitamin K
Answer: liver
Flashcard 435: What demographic is associated with Coxiella burnetii pneumonia? _____
Answer: Farmers and veterinarians
Flashcard 436: How do platelet levels change with portal hypertension? _____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 437: What is the result of hepatic failure on a T3 resin uptake test?_____
Answer: Resin uptake is increased
Flashcard 438: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is treated empirically with a _____
Answer: 3rd generation cephalosporin
Flashcard 439: Patients with amoebic liver abscesses complain of _____ quadrant pain with hepatomegaly
Answer: right upper
Flashcard 440: Increased estrogen in cirrhosis may lead to _____, testicular atrophy, and amenorrhea (reproductive symptoms)
Answer: gynecomastia
Flashcard 441: Abnormal secondary hemostasis may occur due to _____, which dilutes coagulation factors, resulting in a relative deficiency
Answer: large-volume transfusion
Flashcard 442: In immunocompetent individuals, toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic or will present as a _____-like illness
Answer: mononucleosis
Flashcard 443: Hemochromatosis may be secondary; due to chronic _____
Answer: transfusions
Flashcard 444: What changes in stool are seen with Yellow fever?_____
Answer: Bloody diarrhea
Flashcard 445: Which type of generalized seizure is acutely treated with benzodiazepines? _____
Answer: Status epilepticus
Flashcard 446: The acute phase of HCV infection is marked by a rise and fall of _____ in 6 months (liver enzyme)
Answer: ALT
Flashcard 447: What is the most common cause of liver disease in the West? _____
Answer: Alcohol consumption
Flashcard 448: The bacterial organisms vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas hydrophila may cause _____ related to freshwater / seawater exposure
Answer: cellulitis
Flashcard 449: Primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis are associated with increased serum Ig_____
Answer: M
Flashcard 450: _____ liver disease is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome
Answer: Non-alcoholic fatty
Flashcard 451: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome classically presents as "_____" syndrome
Answer: locked in
Flashcard 452: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated pharmacologically
Answer: Entamoeba histolytica (Entamoeba histolytica or Echinococcus)
Flashcard 453: What demographic is classically affected by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)? _____
Answer: Middle-aged women (~ 40 y.o)
Flashcard 454: Cirrhosis is often complicated by _____ hypertension
Answer: portal
Flashcard 455: Which movement disorder presents as a slow, zigzag motion when pointing/extending toward a target? _____
Answer: Intention tremor
Flashcard 456: Which movement disorder presents as a sudden, brief, uncontrolled muscle contraction? _____
Answer: Myoclonus
Flashcard 457: Which skin disorder is characterized by localized loss of skin pigmentation? _____
Answer: Vitiligo
Flashcard 458: What HLA subtype is associated with hemochromatosis? _____
Answer: A3
Flashcard 459: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated pharmacologically
Answer: Entamoeba histolytica (Entamoeba histolytica or Echinococcus)
Flashcard 460: What infectious diseases (2) is membranous nephropathy associated with?_____
Answer: HBV, HCV
Flashcard 461: Lassa fever is associated with fever and _____
Answer: encephalitis
Flashcard 462: Which hepatitis virus infection is often self-limiting?_____
Answer: HAV
Flashcard 463: Primary biliary cholangitis is associated with other _____ diseases
Answer: autoimmune
Flashcard 464: Leptospira interrogans classically results in reddening of the eyes _____ exudate
Answer: without (with or without)
Flashcard 465: What GI disorder may be treated with deferasirox, deferoxamine, and oral deferiprone? _____
Answer: Hemochromatosis
Flashcard 466: What demographic is associated with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma that arises from EBV?_____
Answer: Asians
Flashcard 467: What parasitic infection is associated with portal hypertension? _____
Answer: Schistosomiasis
Flashcard 468: Hepatic adenomas are subcapsular tumors and grow with exposure to _____
Answer: estrogen
Flashcard 469: Platelet counts < _____/L lead to symptoms
Answer: 50K
Flashcard 470: Patients get chronically exposed to Vinyl Chloride if they manufacture _____
Answer: PVC
Flashcard 471: When is prophylaxis for Toxoplasmosis initiated (CD4+)?_____
Answer: d 100 cells/mm3
Flashcard 472: What cutaneous complication arises with HAV infection_____
Answer: Jaundice
Flashcard 473: Reactivation of CMV occurs in the immunosuppressed, such as _____ and AIDS patients
Answer: organ transplant
Flashcard 474: What GI pathology may be associated with pseudogout?_____
Answer: Hemochromatosis
Flashcard 475: Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma include causes of _____ (e.g. alcohol, NAFLD, hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, A1AT deficiency)
Answer: cirrhosis
Flashcard 476: When compared to HCV, HBV is _____ likely to become a chronic infection
Answer: less
Flashcard 477: Interferon alpha may be used to treat _____ carcinoma
Answer: renal cell
Flashcard 478: Lung abscess commonly occurs in patients predisposed to _____ (e.g. alcoholics, epileptics)
Answer: loss of consciousness
Flashcard 479: How does prothrombin (PT) change with advanced liver disease? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 480: Cirrhosis may present with peripheral edema, secondary to _____
Answer: hypoalbuminemia
Flashcard 481: What is the treatment for delirium tremens? _____
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Flashcard 482: Hemochromatosis has a slowed progression in _____ (gender)
Answer: women
Flashcard 483: What is the most common reversible cause of sideroblastic anemia? _____
Answer: Alcoholism
Flashcard 484: Does viral hepatitis result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 485: In patients with Cystic Fibrosis, Ursodiol can be used to treat _____
Answer: biliary stasis
Flashcard 486: What are the treatments (2) for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I? _____
Answer: Plasmapheresis and phototherapy
Flashcard 487: _____ syndrome is a complication of portal hypertension characterized by rapidly developing renal failure, secondary to cirrhosis
Answer: Hepatorenal
Flashcard 488: _____ is a common, potentially fatal bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Answer: Spontaneous (primary) bacterial peritonitis
Flashcard 489: Portal hypertension may lead to congestive _____ and hypersplenism
Answer: splenomegaly
Flashcard 490: What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?_____
Answer: Chronic renal failure
Flashcard 491: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated surgically
Answer: Echinococcus (Entamoeba histolytica or Echinococcus)
Flashcard 492: The best way to visualize Kayser-Fleisher rings in Wilson disease is via _____ examination
Answer: slit-lamp
Flashcard 493: What non-specific antibodies (2) may be associated with Sjogren syndrome? _____
Answer: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor
Flashcard 494: Frontotemporal dementia may have associated _____ disorders
Answer: movement
Flashcard 495: Dengue fever can result in _____ failure
Answer: renal
Flashcard 496: Hepatitis A infection symptoms typically last _____
Answer: 1 month
Flashcard 497: The goal of treatment of HCV is to achieve a _____, which is the inability to detect HCV RNA by PCR for 6 months after stopping treatment
Answer: sustained virologic response (SVR)
Flashcard 498: What AST to ALT ratio is indicative of alcohol abuse? _____
Answer: >2:1 ratio of AST:ALT
Flashcard 499: Which manifestation of Leptospira interrogans is associated with flu-like symptoms?_____
Answer: Leptospirosis
Flashcard 500: What is a late complication associated with biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC)? _____
Answer: Cirrhosis
Flashcard 501: How does TIBC change with pregnancy or OCP use?_____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 502: What movement disorder is associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? _____
Answer: Myoclonus ("startle myoclonus")
Flashcard 503: Patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae will cough up a _____ sputum
Answer: pink, currant jelly
Flashcard 504: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated surgically
Answer: Echinococcus (Entamoeba histolytica or Echinococcus)
Flashcard 505: Hepatitis B infectionWhich serum HBV marker predicts infectivity?_____
Answer: HBeAg
Flashcard 506: Secondary biliary cholangitis occurs in patients with known _____ lesions (e.g. gallstones, biliary strictures, pancreatic carcinoma)
Answer: obstructive
Flashcard 507: Hereditary fructose intolerance may cause liver damage, which manifests as _____ and cirrhosis
Answer: jaundice
Flashcard 508: Metastasis to the liver may be detected clinically as hepatomegaly with a _____ free edge of the liver
Answer: nodular
Flashcard 509: AST _____ ALT in nonalcoholic liver disease suggests progression to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis
Answer: >
Flashcard 510: Scabies causes pruritis that is worse _____
Answer: at night (during the day/at night)
Flashcard 511: _____ seizures are diffuse and affect the entire brain
Answer: Generalized
Flashcard 512: HSV-1 induced temporal lobe encephalitis can present as seizures, aphasia and _____
Answer: altered mental status
Flashcard 513: Which filovirus can result in DIC?_____
Answer: Ebola
Flashcard 514: Patient suspected of having GAS pharyngitis given amoxicillin/ampicillin, and develops rash. This is most likely due to?_____
Answer: Patient is infected with EBV (infectious mono), not Strep
Flashcard 515: Porphyrea cutanea tarda is exacerbated by _____ consumption
Answer: alcohol
Flashcard 516: Does Gaucher disease present with hepatosplenomegaly? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 517: Alcoholic hepatitis may present with _____ hepatomegaly (painful or painless)
Answer: painful
Flashcard 518: Systemic amyloidosis can have hematologic manifestations, including splenomegaly and _____ purpura
Answer: periorbital
Flashcard 519: _____ HBV infection can result in Macronodular cirrhosis (chronic or acute)
Answer: Chronic
Flashcard 520: The meningoencephalitis caused by West nile virus can result in _____ and coma
Answer: seizures
Flashcard 521: Disorders of secondary hemostasis typically present with _____ bleeding (location)
Answer: deep tissue
Flashcard 522: Cirrhosis may present with neuropsychiatric symptoms due to increased serum _____
Answer: ammonia (NH3)
Flashcard 523: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease may present with lower extremity weakness (e.g. _____) and sensory deficits
Answer: foot drop
Flashcard 524: Hemochromatosis may cause gonadal dysfunction in males due to _____ atrophy
Answer: testicular
Flashcard 525: Neonates at risk for HBV infection at birth are given _____
Answer: anti-HBV immunoglobulins
Flashcard 526: Symptoms of hyperammonemia include tremor (_____), slurred speech, somnolence, vomiting, cerebral edema, and blurry vision
Answer: asterixis
Flashcard 527: Dermatologic symptoms of cirrhosis include _____, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, and petechiae/purpura
Answer: jaundice
Flashcard 528: Which renal tubular defect may be caused by Wilson disease? _____
Answer: Fanconi syndrome
Flashcard 529: Zinc deficiency may predispose to alcoholic _____
Answer: cirrhosis
Flashcard 530: Hemochromatosis is characterized by _____ % saturation
Answer: increased
Flashcard 531: Which hepatitis virus is associated with cyroglobulins?_____
Answer: HCV
Flashcard 532: Hepatic encephalopathy may be triggered by increased NH3 production or absorption, such as increased dietary _____
Answer: protein
Flashcard 533: Esophageal varices may rupture, which presents with painless _____
Answer: hematemesis
Flashcard 534: Wilson disease may present with renal disease, such as _____ syndrome
Answer: Fanconi
Flashcard 535: What skin finding is associated with thrombocytopenia and/or decreased platelet function? _____
Answer: Petechiae
Flashcard 536: Which manifestation of Leptospira interrogans can result in myalgias?_____
Answer: Leptospirosis
Flashcard 537: Budd-Chiari syndrome presents with _____ hepatomegaly (painful or painless), ascites, varices, and liver failure
Answer: painful
Flashcard 538: Hemochromatosis may cause arthropathy, especially in _____ joints
Answer: metacarpophalangeal (MCP) (specific hand)
Flashcard 539: Which manifestation of Leptospira interrogans can result in azotemia and jaundice?_____
Answer: Weil's disease
Flashcard 540: Is liver failure followed with PT or PTT? _____
Answer: PT
Flashcard 541: _____ syndrome is similar to Dubin-Johnson syndrome, but milder and WITHOUT black liver
Answer: Rotor
Flashcard 542: Wilson disease is characterized by accumulation of copper, especially in the _____, brain, cornea, and kidneys
Answer: liver
Flashcard 543: _____ refers to milk production outside of lactation
Answer: Galactorrhea
Flashcard 544: What is the treatment for acute cases of HBV?_____
Answer: Supportive
Flashcard 545: How does Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) change with hepatic failure and steroids?_____
Answer: Decrease
Flashcard 546: Does biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC) result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Conjugated
Flashcard 547: Patients with Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease often have early onset _____
Answer: gout
Flashcard 548: Vitamin K deficiency is characterized by a _____ bleeding time
Answer: normal
Flashcard 549: Loop diuretics may be used to treat _____ in liver failure (e.g. cirrhosis)
Answer: ascites
Flashcard 550: Which biliary tract disease is classically seen in middle-aged women and presents with generalized pruritis and fatigue?_____
Answer: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
Flashcard 551: Which electrolyte disturbance causes nausea, malaise, stupor, coma, and seizures? _____
Answer: Low Na+ (hyponatremia)
Flashcard 552: _____ is a disease caused by EBV that is also commonly referred to as 'kissing disease' as it is often seen in teens and young adults.
Answer: Mononucleosis
Flashcard 553: _____ seizures are also known as grand mal seizures
Answer: Tonic-clonic
Flashcard 554: How do platelet levels change with advanced liver disease? _____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 555: In multiple myeloma, free light chain (Bence Jones protein) may deposit in kidney tubules, leading to risk for _____
Answer: renal failure (myeloma kidney)
Flashcard 556: _____ carcinoma increases risk for Budd-Chiari syndrome
Answer: Hepatocellular
Flashcard 557: Does acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) present with photosensitivity?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 558: What myeloproliferative disorder is associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome? _____
Answer: Polycythemia vera
Flashcard 559: The effects of liver failure on coagulation is followed using _____ (PT or PTT)
Answer: PT
Flashcard 560: Yellow fever classically causes an aching _____
Answer: back
Flashcard 561: Is hepatic encephalopathy reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Reversible
Flashcard 562: In the following group of diseases, what is the most likely ratio of conjugated bilirubin : total bilirubin?_____%Viral Hepatitis
Answer: 20-50
Flashcard 563: _____ occurs in Plasmodium spp. infection (malaria) due to increased clearance of infected RBCs
Answer: Splenomegaly
Flashcard 564: Hemophilia (A, B, C) presents with _____ bleeding time
Answer: normal
Flashcard 565: Does Budd-Chiari syndrome present with jugular venous distention (JVD)?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 566: Smokers with _____ will develop an aversion to tobacco products
Answer: hepatitis A virus
Flashcard 567: Why does hemochromatosis have a slowed progression in women? _____
Answer: Iron loss through menstruation
Flashcard 568: Hepatitis C virus is most commonly transmitted through _____
Answer: blood
Flashcard 569: Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD) is the most common malignancy complicating _____ transplantation*
Answer: solid organ
Flashcard 570: What effect does Addison disease have on blood sugar levels?_____
Answer: Hypoglycemia
Flashcard 571: All patients with virologic evidence of chronic HCV infection should be considered for treatment, except those with _____
Answer: limited life expectancy
Flashcard 572: What odor may be associated with cirrhosis?_____
Answer: Fetor hepaticus
Flashcard 573: Which transplants (2) are associated with graft-versus-host disease? _____
Answer: Bone marrow and liver
Flashcard 574: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) presents as _____ progressive dementia (speed) with ataxia and myoclonus
Answer: rapidly
Flashcard 575: The HTLV-1 virus (cause of ATLL) is associated with _____ users
Answer: IV drug
Flashcard 576: Viral hepatitis is characterized by elevated liver enzymes with ALT _____ AST
Answer: >
Flashcard 577: Which HDV infection has a worse outcome, co-infection with HBV or superinfection with HBV?_____
Answer: Superinfection with HBV
Flashcard 578: What is a manifestation of chronic Brucellosis?_____
Answer: Osteomyelitis
Flashcard 579: Is pseudogout more common in males or females?_____
Answer: Both genders affected equally
Flashcard 580: Chronic exposure to _____ can occur with patients who work in the aerospace industry, in electronics manufacturing, or with nuclear reactors
Answer: Beryllium
Flashcard 581: Hepatitis B infectionWhat does the presence of persistent HBsAg and HBV DNA indicate?_____
Answer: Chronic HBV infection
Flashcard 582: Fever from Plasmodium malariae occurs every _____
Answer: 72 hrs
Flashcard 583: Obstructive jaundice is associated with _____, with malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Answer: steatorrhea (GI symptom)
Flashcard 584: Which renal tubular defect may be caused by metabolism disorders (e.g. glycogen storage disease, tyrosinemia, cystinosis)? _____
Answer: Fanconi syndrome
Keywords: Liver disease flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E)
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Alcoholic liver disease
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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Drug-induced liver injury
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Autoimmune hepatitis
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Cirrhosis management
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Portal hypertension complications
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Ascites diagnosis and management
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Hepatic encephalopathy
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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
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Hepatorenal syndrome
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Liver transplantation
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